CN104532899A - Form-relieved tooth and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Form-relieved tooth and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104532899A CN104532899A CN201410655631.7A CN201410655631A CN104532899A CN 104532899 A CN104532899 A CN 104532899A CN 201410655631 A CN201410655631 A CN 201410655631A CN 104532899 A CN104532899 A CN 104532899A
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a form-relieved tooth; a carbide coating layer is arranged on the surface of a working part of the form-relieved tooth; and the invention provides a preparation method for obtaining the form-relieved tooth. The form-relieved tooth has the carbide coating layer at the front end working part. The carbide coating layer comprises a V2C compact ceramic layer, and can further comprise a micron V8C7 compact ceramic layer and a fusion layer of V8C7 and the matrix. The V2C compact ceramic layer, the micron V8C7 compact ceramic layer and the fusion layer of V8C7 and the matrix are gradiently distributed in sequence. The form-relieved tooth can be applied to the surface of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel. The coating layer and the matrix are metallurgically bonded, so that the binding force is strong, the problems of weak binding force and easy particle dropping due to traditional non-metallurgical bonding between hard particles and a metal matrix are overcome, and the wear resistance of the working surface of the form-relieved tooth is largely improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compound teeth with wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of compound teeth with wear resistant carbide coating and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of wear resistant carbide coating compound teeth being applied to low-alloy high-tensile structural steel surface and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the development of industrial technology, the military service operating mode of high-abrasive material is more and more harsher, large-scale, efficiency crushing equipment requirement high-abrasive material can bear thump and heavily stressed, and energy safety, long service, therefore the obdurability of casting wear-resistant material and abrasion resistance relate to parts can safety, long service, be the target of the eternal pursuit of high-abrasive material research field.
In recent years, in order to improve the application life of teeth, various countries have made extensive work in the development, exploitation of dipper tooth material, dipper tooth material by the single phase austenite manganese steel (Mn13) at initial stage develop into follow-on potassium steel, in, low-carbon multi alloy steel, tough white cast-iron also achieves larger achievement.But the hardness only improving teeth matrix material is still not enough to the persistence that ensures that it is on active service, therefore increasing coating in its working position is the economical and effective means of this problem of solution.It is the coating of carbide material that present stage uses more, and hardness is high, abrasion resistance properties is superior feature that it has, covers alloy base surperficial abrasion resistance and the life-span can improving the component prepared by matrix material with coating way.Wherein VC
pbe a kind of common coating material, it has following advantageous features:
(1) physical and chemical performance of the excellences such as density is low, intensity is high, modulus of elasticity is high, anti-oxidant, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant is possessed;
(2) tendency of growing up in sintering process is little, and particle is generally rounded, is a kind of ideal reinforcing material;
(3) vanadium resource enriches, and easily obtain, less expensive, vanadium carbide obtains and generally applies in metal-base composites;
(4) have very high heat stability and the face-centred cubic structure of high rigidity, closely, this is convenient to be combined with steel substrate better for lattice paprmeter and lattice types and austenite;
(5) VC
pstandard enthalpy of formation △ G
0be worth low, its synthetic reaction is easy to carry out;
(6) VC
pthe steel-based composite material of coating except hardness is high, abrasion resistance well except, machinable, forging, welding, heat treatment reinforcement and be out of shape little, and there is the cold and hot working performance of common steel-smelting.Therefore, VC
pcoating material is widely used as the wearing face of chipless cold/hot metal machining tool, cutting tool, various mould, antiwear heat resisting is anti-corrosion part.
The method preparing carbide coating at present has chemical vapour deposition technique, physical vaporous deposition, heat spraying method, hot plating method etc., but these methods, there is the deficiencies such as production equipment requirement is harsh, production efficiency is low, anchoring strength of coating is low.
Therefore how VC is obtained at teeth working surface
pcoating, and the preparation method selecting that a kind of production equipment is simple, technological process is short, obtain with good, the difficult drop-off of basal body binding force and the coating of mechanical property, anti-wear performance excellence is problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The defect existed for above-mentioned prior art and deficiency, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of teeth, and the surface of its working position, tooth front end has a kind of wear-resistant coating, and this wear-resistant coating is V
2c dense ceramic layers, its chemical stability and abrasion resistance good, there is low-friction coefficient, high rigidity, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity; And further, provide a kind of preparation method for obtaining above-mentioned compound teeth.
Further, the present invention also provides a kind of teeth, the surface of its working position, tooth front end has a kind of gradient composite coating, it is preferably coated on tooth front end matrix surface, to improve abrasion resistance and the fracture toughness on its surface, particularly low-alloy high-tensile structural steel surface, and a kind of preparation method for obtaining above-mentioned coating is provided.
Described teeth, has wear resistant carbide coating in its working position, tooth front end.Thus working position, favourable guarantee tooth front end has very high hardness and good abrasion resistance, and tooth body part has good toughness.
For realizing the object of the invention, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of teeth, the surface of its working position, tooth front end has wear-resistant coating, and this wear-resistant coating is V
2c dense ceramic layers; Preferably, V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
More preferably, along V
2c dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 9-23 μm, is preferably 12-20 μm, is more preferably 15-20 μm; Preferably, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%; Preferably, V
2c crystallite dimension is 20-50 μm, is preferably 30-50 μm.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of teeth, and the surface of its working position, tooth front end has gradient composite coating, and described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, comprises the V of distribution gradient successively
2c dense ceramic layers, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers, V
8c
7with the fused layer of matrix.
Preferably, V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
More preferably, along V
2c dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 9-23 μm, is preferably 12-20 μm, is more preferably 15-20 μm; Preferably, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%; Preferably, V
2c crystallite dimension is 20-50 μm, is preferably 30-50 μm.
Further preferably, along micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 17-88 μm, is preferably 40-80 μm, is more preferably 60-80 μm; Preferably, V
8c
7volume fraction be greater than 70%, be preferably greater than 75%; Preferably, V
8c
7crystallite dimension be 5-15 μm, be preferably 6-15 μm, be more preferably 8-15 μm.
Still more preferably, along V
8c
7with the fused layer longitudinal profile of matrix, its thickness is 126 μm-1074 μm, preferred 300-1050 μm; Preferably, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 20%-85%, be preferably 50%-85%; Preferably, V
8c
7crystallite dimension be 5-20 μm, be preferably 10-20 μm.
Preferably, gradient composite coating gross thickness is 152-1185 μm, preferably at 400-1180 μm.
More preferably, teeth matrix is according to heat treatment mode one or more that can be divided in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite different; Preferably, this gradient composite coating is applied in low-alloy high-tensile structural steel surface.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of compound teeth, the surface of its working position, tooth front end has wear-resistant coating, comprises the steps:
1) first prepare a vanadium plate, preferably, wherein the purity of vanadium should control at 99.7-99.9%; More preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described vanadium plate is first by addition surfacing;
2) teeth mould is made according to teeth size, according to the work force-bearing situation of teeth, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of teeth crown, accordingly vanadium plate is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of the crown of teeth mould, then fixed outer carbon source on vanadium plate, makes itself and vanadium plate combine closely; Preferably, teeth mould is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3) make sand mold according to teeth size, every case teeth, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold die cavity by teeth mould in the lump together with vanadium plate and external carbon source; Preferably, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) smelt low-alloy high-tensile structural steel base material for molten steel, preferably, temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C;
5) above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with teeth mould, vanadium plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining scraper bowl bucket forearm gum is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix, and teeth tip portions is the complex of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel and vanadium plate; Preferably, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with teeth mould, vanadium plate and carbon source; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is that 10-60 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) the teeth complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cools to room temperature with the furnace, thus forms wear-resistant coating on the surface of working position, teeth tooth front end, and teeth matrix is still alloy steel matrix.
Wherein, wear-resistant coating is V
2c dense ceramic layers.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this V
2c dense ceramic layers; Preferably, V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of compound teeth, and the surface of its working position, tooth front end has gradient composite coating, comprises the steps:
1) first prepare a vanadium plate, preferably, wherein the purity of vanadium should control at 99.7-99.9%; More preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described vanadium plate is first by addition surfacing;
2) teeth mould is made according to teeth size, according to the work force-bearing situation of teeth, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of teeth crown, accordingly vanadium plate is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of the crown of teeth mould, then fixed outer carbon source on vanadium plate, makes itself and vanadium plate combine closely; Preferably, teeth mould is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3) make sand mold according to teeth size, every case teeth, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold die cavity by teeth mould in the lump together with vanadium plate and external carbon source; Preferably, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) smelt alloy steel matrix for molten steel, preferably, temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C;
5) above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with teeth mould, vanadium plate and carbon source, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining scraper bowl bucket forearm gum is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix, and teeth tip portions is the complex of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel and vanadium plate; Preferably, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with teeth mould, vanadium plate and carbon source; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is that 10-60 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) putting into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere by pouring the teeth complex obtained, finally cooling to room temperature with the furnace, thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of working position, teeth tooth front end, and teeth matrix is still alloy steel;
7) surface of gained there is gradient composite coating teeth by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix.
Preferably, vanadium plate thickness is 0.2-3mm; If be less than 0.2mm, then vanadium plate just complete reaction in cast recombination process, can not obtain V
2c organizes, and directly generates Dispersed precipitate V
8c
7; Then cause diffusion length to increase more than 3mm, reaction power is not enough.
Preferably, by strict rate-determining steps 6) in holding temperature and the relation of time, obtain described accurate monocrystalline phase V
2c dense ceramic layers.This ceramic layer presents comparatively obvious accurate single crystal organization, and show as crystal boundary under light microscope and reduce, affect the dislocation also corresponding minimizing of fracture toughness, the sub boundary in generation increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of this ceramic layer.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this gradient composite coating and carbide coating, described carbide coating comprises the accurate monocrystalline phase V of distribution gradient successively
2c dense ceramic layers, micron V
8c
7ceramic layer, V
8c
7with the fused layer of matrix.
More preferably, above-mentioned steps 6) in holding temperature, temperature retention time and the gross thickness of gradient composite coating that finally can obtain meet following formula,
L＝kTlogt
1/2+b
0
Wherein:
The gross thickness (μm) of L---gradient composite coating,
K---be constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T---holding temperature (K),
T---temperature retention time (s),
B
0---original depth (μm), the thickness of the composite bed formed after namely molten steel is poured into a mould and between vanadium plate.
To sum up, described gradient composite coating, comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers, hardness is high.Described V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, the arrangement of atom unlike monocrystalline there is identical lattice like that, but still there is strict order, present geometry arrangement; Uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and atomic arrangement is more orderly.Accurate monocrystalline is between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, and compared to polycrystalline phase, the crystal boundary of accurate monocrystalline phase obviously reduces, and dislocation density is low, has more sub boundary, and therefore hardness has obvious lifting; And than monocrystalline phase, it requires lower to preparation method, and organize more stable.
Preferably, in step 1) in, surface-treated step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L or the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L or 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L or the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L or 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800-1200 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
More preferably, step 2) in external carbon source be graphite paper or graphite powder; Preferably, described graphite paper is more than three grades, and purity is 85-99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm; Preferably, described graphite powder selects granularity at 600-1000 order, and purity is 85-99%.
Preferably, step 6) in, be warming up to 1000-1160 DEG C, programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min, and temperature retention time is 6.5-11.5h, preferred 8-10h.
Preferably, selected alloy steel matrix is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel.
Preferably, protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, and gas flow is 5-8ml/min.
Wherein, holding temperature should be strict controlled in above-mentioned scope, and temperature is higher than 1160 DEG C, and the liquid phase in course of reaction is too much, and makes V
2c is transformed into V
8c
7, and accurate monocrystalline phase V can not be obtained
2c; But temperature is lower than 1000 DEG C, then the solubility of V is too low, and reaction cannot be carried out by forward.Same, temperature retention time also should keep one reasonably interval, the time more than 11.5h, nearly all V
2c can change V into
8c
7, and lower than 6.5h, then react the V of acquisition
2very little, coating layer thickness is difficult to ensure C, and best should remain on 8-10h.
More preferably, the teeth complex with carbide coating by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix: heat-treat at about 550-800 DEG C, matrix is pearlitic structrure; Or heat-treat at 220-450 DEG C, matrix is bainite structure; Or heat-treat below 220 DEG C, matrix is martensitic structure.
Described teeth take low-alloy high-tensile structural steel as matrix, selected low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix is Q345A, Q345B, Q345C, Q345D, Q345E, Q420A, Q460A etc., see GB GB/T 1951-2008, matrix according to heat treating regime be not all in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite one or more.
The present invention is by casting after especially evaporative pattern suction pouring obtains low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix+vanadium complex, introduce external carbon source, directly carbide coating can be formed on surface, the working position of teeth in the mode adding thermal diffusion, it is metallurgical binding between coating and teeth matrix, adhesion is very strong, and overcome non-metallurgical binding between existing hard particles and metallic matrix, adhesion is very weak, particle holds caducous problem, has increased substantially the mechanical property of coating.And the method is simple to operate, without the need to complex device, the teeth of acquisition is functional.Different heat treatment modes, makes teeth have different mechanical properties, meets the different performance requirement in actual production.Due to V
2the formation of C dense ceramic layers, this ceramic layer presents comparatively obvious accurate single crystal organization, and show as crystal boundary under light microscope and reduce, affect the dislocation also corresponding minimizing of fracture toughness, the sub boundary in generation increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of this ceramic layer.Teeth crown surface has higher hardness HRC50-60, and relative wear resistance is 8-16 times of matrix.Described relative wear resistance is defined as: take matrix material as standard specimen, in identical abrasive grain, same load, after disk rotates same number of turns with same rotational speed, tested coating produces the relative wear resistance that ratio that wear extent and standard specimen produce wear extent is called coating, therefore be several times of matrix also referred to as the relative wear resistance of coating, the examination criteria of following identical parameters is identical with it.
This is due to V wherein
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion single crystal organization, chemical stability and abrasion resistance good, there is low-friction coefficient, high rigidity, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity.And micron V on the other side
8c
7the hardness of ceramic layer can only reach HRC45-55, and its relative wear resistance is 6-12 times of matrix.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 teeth preparation technology figure;
The partial enlarged drawing that composite hammer head after Fig. 2 heat treatment and sample intercept;
The accurate monocrystalline V of Fig. 3
2c dense ceramic layers micro-organization chart;
Fig. 4 micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers micro-organization chart.
Detailed description of the invention
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
A preparation method for compound teeth, the surface of its working position, tooth front end has gradient composite coating, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the steps:
1) first prepare a vanadium plate 1, preferably, wherein the purity of vanadium should control at 99.7-99.9%; More preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate 1 is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described vanadium plate 1 is first by addition surfacing;
2) teeth mould 3 is made according to teeth 2 size, according to the work force-bearing situation of teeth 2, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of teeth crown 4, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of the crown 4 of teeth mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 5 on vanadium plate 1, makes itself and vanadium plate 1 combine closely; Preferably, teeth mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3) make sand mold 6 according to teeth size, every case teeth 2, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 6 die cavity by teeth mould 3 in the lump together with vanadium plate 1 and external carbon source 5; Preferably, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold 6;
4) smelt low-alloy high-tensile structural steel base material for molten steel, preferably, temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C;
5) above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with teeth mould 3, vanadium plate 1 and external carbon source 5, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining scraper bowl bucket forearm gum 7 is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix, and teeth crown 4 part is the complex of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel and vanadium plate 1; Preferably, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold 6 being placed with teeth mould 3, vanadium plate 1 and external carbon source 5; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is that 10-60 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) putting into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere by pouring the teeth complex obtained, finally cooling to room temperature with the furnace, thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of working position, teeth tooth front end, and teeth matrix is still alloy steel matrix;
7) surface of gained there is gradient composite coating teeth by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix.
As shown in Figure 2, compound teeth, the surface of its working position, tooth front end has gradient composite coating, and gradient composite coating is carbide coating, comprises the V of distribution gradient successively
2c dense ceramic layers 8, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9, V
8c
7with the fused layer 10 of matrix.
Embodiment 1: the preparation method of teeth, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate 1, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.7%.Described vanadium plate 1 should first by surfacing in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate 1 is at 0.2mm.
2, according to teeth 2 size, teeth mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of teeth 2, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of teeth crown 4, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of the crown of teeth mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 5 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 5 is graphite paper, and described graphite paper 5 is more than three grades, and purity is 85%, thickness is 0.1mm, and itself and vanadium plate 1 are combined closely.
3, according to teeth 2 size, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand makes sand mold 6, and every case teeth, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 6 die cavity by teeth mould 3 in the lump together with vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper.
4, smelt low-alloy high-tensile structural steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1500 DEG C, and selected low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix is Q345A.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 6 being placed with teeth mould 3, vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper, pouring temperature controls at 1500 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 10 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining scraper bowl bucket forearm gum 7 is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q345A matrix, and teeth crown 4 part is the complex of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q345A and vanadium plate 1.
6, the teeth complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1000 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 6.5h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of working position, teeth tooth front end, and teeth matrix is still Q345A.Described protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 5ml/min.
7, the surface of gained has the teeth of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at about 700 DEG C, and matrix is pearlitic structrure.
Gained gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 20 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 9 μm, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 90%.As shown in Figure 3.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 8
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 17 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 75%, its crystallite dimension is 5 μm.As shown in Figure 4.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 9
8c
7with the fused layer 10 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 126 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 20%, its crystallite dimension is 5 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 10 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 152 μm.Described teeth matrix is pearlite.Teeth crown surface has higher hardness HRC50, and relative wear resistance is 8 times of matrix.
Embodiment 2: the preparation method of teeth, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.8%, if purity does not reach above-mentioned requirements, such as, adopts vanadium-containing alloy plate then will be difficult to obtain accurate single crystal organization.Described vanadium plate should first by surfacing in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 1mm.
2, according to teeth 2 size, teeth mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of teeth 2, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of teeth crown 4, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of the crown of teeth mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 5 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 5 is graphite paper, and graphite paper is more than three grades, and purity is 99%, thickness is 0.2mm, and itself and vanadium plate 1 are combined closely.
3, according to teeth 2 size, make sand mold 6 with precoated sand, every case teeth, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 6 die cavity by teeth mould 3 in the lump together with vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper.
4, smelt low-alloy high-tensile structural steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1510 DEG C, and selected low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix is Q345B.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 6 being placed with teeth mould 3, vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper, pouring temperature controls at 1510 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 20 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining scraper bowl bucket forearm gum 7 is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q345B matrix, and teeth crown 4 part is the complex of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q345B and vanadium plate 1.
6, the teeth complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1050 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is that 7.5h finally cools to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of working position, teeth tooth front end, and teeth matrix is still Q345B.Described protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the surface of gained has the teeth of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 500 DEG C, and matrix is bainite structure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 22 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 12 μm; Wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 80%.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 8
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 52 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 78%, its crystallite dimension is 7 μm.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 9
8c
7with the fused layer 10 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 401 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 60%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 10 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 465 μm.Described teeth matrix is bainite.Teeth crown surface has higher hardness HRC54, and relative wear resistance is 12 times of matrix.
Embodiment 3: the preparation method of teeth, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.8%, if purity does not reach above-mentioned requirements, such as, adopts vanadium-containing alloy plate then will be difficult to obtain accurate single crystal organization.Described vanadium plate should first by surfacing in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 0.35mm.
2, according to teeth 2 size, teeth mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of teeth 2, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of teeth crown 4, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of the crown of teeth mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 5 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 5 is graphite paper, and described graphite paper is more than three grades, purity 95%, thickness is 0.35mm, and itself and vanadium plate 1 are combined closely.
3, according to teeth 2 size, make sand mold 6 with self-hardening resin sand, every case teeth, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 6 die cavity by teeth mould 3 in the lump together with vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper.
4, smelt low-alloy high-tensile structural steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1520 DEG C, and selected low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix is Q345C.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 6 being placed with teeth mould 3, vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper, pouring temperature controls at 1520 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 30 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining scraper bowl bucket forearm gum 7 is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q345C matrix, and teeth crown 4 part is the complex of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q345C and vanadium plate 1.
6, the teeth complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1080 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 9.5h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of working position, teeth tooth front end, and teeth matrix is still Q345C.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 7ml/min.
7, the surface of gained has the teeth of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 220 DEG C, and matrix is martensitic structure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 25 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 14 μm; Wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 95%.
Further, comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 8
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 57 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 80%, its crystallite dimension is 10 μm.
Further, can also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 9
8c
7with the fused layer 10 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 671 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 75%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 10 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 742 μm.Described teeth matrix is martensite.Teeth crown surface has higher hardness HRC58, and relative wear resistance is 15 times of matrix.
Embodiment 4: the preparation method of teeth, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.9%, if purity does not reach above-mentioned requirements, such as, adopts vanadium-containing alloy plate then will be difficult to obtain accurate single crystal organization.Described vanadium plate should first by surfacing in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 3mm.
2, according to teeth 2 size, teeth mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of teeth 2, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of teeth crown 4, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of the crown of teeth mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 5 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 5 is graphite powder, described graphite powder selects granularity at 600 orders, and purity is 85%, and itself and vanadium plate 1 are combined closely.
3, according to teeth 2 size, make sand mold 6 with tide mould sand, every case teeth, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 6 die cavity by teeth mould 3 in the lump together with vanadium plate 1 and graphite powder.
4, smelt low-alloy high-tensile structural steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1530 DEG C, and selected low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix is Q345D.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 6 being placed with teeth mould 3, vanadium plate 1 and graphite powder, pouring temperature controls at 1530 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 40 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining scraper bowl bucket forearm gum 7 is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q345D matrix, and teeth crown 4 part is the complex of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q345D and vanadium plate 1.
6, the teeth complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1160 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 11.5h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of working position, teeth tooth front end, and teeth matrix is still Q345D.Described protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the surface of gained has the teeth of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at 220 DEG C, and matrix is martensitic structure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 50 μm, and along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 23 μm, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 95%.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 8
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 88 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 80%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 9
8c
7with the fused layer 10 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 1074 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 55%, its crystallite dimension is 20 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 10 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 1185 μm.Described teeth matrix is martensite.Teeth crown surface has higher hardness HRC60, and relative wear resistance is 16 times of matrix.
Embodiment 5: the preparation method of teeth, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.7%.Described vanadium plate should first by surfacing in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 0.2mm.
2, according to teeth 2 size, teeth mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of teeth 2, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of teeth crown 4, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of the crown of teeth mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 5 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 5 is graphite powder, described graphite powder selects granularity at 800 orders, and purity is 89%, and itself and vanadium plate 1 are combined closely.
3, according to teeth 2 size, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand makes sand mold 6, and every case teeth, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 6 die cavity by teeth mould 3 in the lump together with vanadium plate 1 and graphite powder.
4, smelt low-alloy high-tensile structural steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1540 DEG C, and selected low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix is Q420A.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 6 being placed with teeth mould 3, vanadium plate 1 and graphite powder, pouring temperature controls at 1540 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining scraper bowl bucket forearm gum 7 is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q420A matrix, and teeth crown 4 part is the complex of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q420A and vanadium plate 1.
6, the teeth complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1150 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 8.5h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of working position, teeth tooth front end, and teeth matrix is still Q420A.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 7ml/min.
7, the surface of gained has the teeth of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at about 750 DEG C, and matrix is pearlitic structrure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 42 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 22 μm; Wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 80%.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 8
8c
7fine and close close ceramic layer 9, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 77 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 78%, its crystallite dimension is 14 μm.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 9
8c
7with the fused layer 10 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 1006 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 60%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 10 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 1105 μm.Described teeth matrix is pearlite.Teeth crown surface has higher hardness HRC52, and relative wear resistance is 10 times of matrix.
Embodiment 6: the preparation method of teeth, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.9%, if purity does not reach above-mentioned requirements, such as, adopts vanadium-containing alloy plate then will be difficult to obtain accurate single crystal organization.Described vanadium plate should first by surfacing in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 1.5mm.
2, according to teeth 2 size, teeth mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of teeth 2, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of teeth crown 4, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of the crown of teeth mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 5 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 5 is graphite powder, described graphite powder selects granularity at 1000 orders, and purity is 99%, and itself and vanadium plate 1 are combined closely.
3, according to teeth 2 size, make sand mold 6 with precoated sand, every case teeth, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold 6 die cavity by teeth mould 3 in the lump together with vanadium plate 1 and graphite powder.
4, smelt low-alloy high-tensile structural steel base material for molten steel, temperature controls at 1560 DEG C, and selected low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix is Q460A.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold 6 being placed with teeth mould 3, vanadium plate 1 and graphite powder, pouring temperature controls at 1560 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 60 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining scraper bowl bucket forearm gum 7 is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q460A matrix, and teeth crown 4 part is the complex of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel Q460A and vanadium plate 1.
6, the teeth complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1100 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 10.5h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of working position, teeth tooth front end, and teeth matrix is still Q460A.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 8ml/min.
7, the surface of gained has the teeth of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, heat treatment step is: heat-treat at about 450 DEG C, and matrix is bainite structure.
Described gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 36 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 20 μm; Wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 95%.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 8
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 72 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 90%, its crystallite dimension is 12 μm.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 9
8c
7with the fused layer 10 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 993 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 85%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 8, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 9 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 10 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 1085 μm.Described teeth matrix is bainite.Teeth crown surface has higher hardness HRC56, and relative wear resistance is 14 times of matrix.
Comparative example 1, its preparation method is as follows: with laser cladding directly by V
8c
7the cladding of vanadium carbide particle, at the work plane of teeth, obtains coating, and thickness is 30 μm, and volume fraction is 80%, working lining hardness HRC40, and relative wear resistance is 3.2 times of matrix.
In comparative example, Laser Surface Modification Technology cost of production is high, and production efficiency is low, and technological parameter is wayward, and uses bonding agent will cause pore and slag inclusion in use procedure; And in composite bed, there is not accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers and micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers, composite bed thickness and V
8c
7content is less, V
8c
7crystallite dimension is larger; Simultaneously, recombination process is only externally add the intergranular gap of hard vanadium carbide to carry out casting and blend and carry out melting, sintering to additional particle, non-metallurgical binding between hard vanadium carbide particle and metallic matrix, adhesion is very weak, particle easily comes off or there is oxidation, Inclusion Problem, therefore, its mechanical property is poor.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (21)
1. a teeth, has wear-resistant coating on the surface of its working position, tooth front end, it is characterized in that: described wear-resistant coating is V
2c dense ceramic layers.
2. teeth as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
3. teeth as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: along V
2c dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 9-23 μm, is preferably 12-20 μm, is more preferably 15-20 μm; Preferably, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%; Preferably, V
2c crystallite dimension is 20-50 μm, is preferably 30-50 μm.
4. a teeth, has gradient composite coating on the surface of its working position, tooth front end, it is characterized in that: described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, comprise the V of distribution gradient successively
2c dense ceramic layers, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers, V
8c
7with the fused layer of matrix.
5. teeth as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
6. the teeth as described in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that: along V
2c dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 9-23 μm, is preferably 12-20 μm, is more preferably 15-20 μm; Preferably, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%; Preferably, V
2c crystallite dimension is 20-50 μm, is preferably 30-50 μm.
7. the teeth as described in one of claim 4-6, is characterized in that: along micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 17-88 μm, is preferably 40-80 μm, is more preferably 60-80 μm; Preferably, V
8c
7volume fraction be greater than 70%, be preferably greater than 75%; Preferably, V
8c
7crystallite dimension be 5-15 μm, be preferably 6-15 μm, be more preferably 8-15 μm.
8. the teeth as described in one of claim 4-7, is characterized in that: along V
8c
7with the fused layer longitudinal profile of matrix, its thickness is 126 μm-1074 μm, preferred 300-1050 μm; Preferably, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 20%-85%, be preferably 50%-85%; Preferably, V
8c
7crystallite dimension be 5-20 μm, be preferably 10-20 μm.
9. the teeth as described in one of claim 4-8, is characterized in that: gradient composite coating gross thickness is 152-1185 μm, preferably at 400-1180 μm.
10. the teeth as described in one of claim 4-9, is characterized in that: matrix is respectively one or more in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite according to the difference of Technology for Heating Processing; Preferably, this gradient composite coating is applied in low-alloy high-tensile structural steel surface.
The preparation method of 11. 1 kinds of teeth as described in one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, has wear-resistant coating, comprise the steps: on the surface of its working position, tooth front end
1) first prepare a vanadium plate, preferably, wherein the purity of vanadium should control at 99.7-99.9%; More preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described vanadium plate is first by addition surfacing;
2) teeth mould is made according to teeth size, according to the work force-bearing situation of teeth, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of teeth crown, accordingly vanadium plate is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of the crown of teeth mould, then fixed outer carbon source on vanadium plate, makes itself and vanadium plate combine closely; Preferably, teeth mould is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3) make sand mold according to teeth size, every case teeth, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold die cavity by teeth mould in the lump together with vanadium plate and external carbon source; Preferably, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) smelt low-alloy high-tensile structural steel base material for molten steel, preferably, temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C;
5) above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with teeth mould, vanadium plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining scraper bowl bucket forearm gum is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix, and teeth tip portions is the complex of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel and vanadium plate; Preferably, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with teeth mould, vanadium plate and external carbon source; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is that 10-60 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) the teeth complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, thus form wear-resistant coating on the surface of working position, teeth tooth front end, and teeth matrix is still low-alloy high-tensile structural steel matrix;
Wherein, wear-resistant coating is V
2c dense ceramic layers.
The preparation method of 12. teeth as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that: V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly; Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this V
2c dense ceramic layers.
The preparation method of 13. 1 kinds of teeth as described in one of claim 4-10, is characterized in that, has gradient composite coating, comprise the steps: on the surface of its working position, tooth front end
1) first prepare a vanadium plate, preferably, wherein the purity of vanadium should control at 99.7-99.9%; More preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described vanadium plate is first by addition surfacing;
2) teeth mould is made according to teeth size, according to the work force-bearing situation of teeth, the position of its key wear is upper and lower two surfaces of teeth crown, accordingly vanadium plate is fixed on upper and lower two surfaces of the crown of teeth mould, then fixed outer carbon source on vanadium plate, makes itself and vanadium plate combine closely; Preferably, teeth mould is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3) make sand mold according to teeth size, every case teeth, two casees somatotypes, are placed in sand mold die cavity by teeth mould in the lump together with vanadium plate and external carbon source; Preferably, CO is used
2water glass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) smelt alloy steel matrix for molten steel, preferably, temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C;
5) above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with teeth mould, vanadium plate and carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining scraper bowl bucket forearm gum is alloy steel matrix, and teeth tip portions is the complex of low-alloy high-tensile structural steel and vanadium plate; Preferably, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with teeth mould, vanadium plate and external carbon source; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is that 10-60 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) putting into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere by pouring the teeth complex obtained, finally cooling to room temperature with the furnace, thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of working position, teeth tooth front end, and teeth matrix is still alloy steel matrix;
7) teeth with gradient composite coating of gained by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix.
The preparation method of 14. teeth as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that: by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this gradient composite coating and carbide coating, described carbide coating comprises the accurate monocrystalline phase V of distribution gradient successively
2c dense ceramic layers, micron V
8c
7ceramic layer, V
8c
7with the fused layer of matrix.
The preparation method of 15. teeth as claimed in claim 14, is characterized in that: in step 6) in holding temperature, temperature retention time and the gross thickness of gradient composite coating that finally can obtain meet following formula,
L＝kTlogt
1/2+b
0
Wherein:
The gross thickness (μm) of L---gradient composite coating,
K---be constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T---holding temperature (K),
T---temperature retention time (s),
B
0---original depth (μm), the thickness of the composite bed formed after namely molten steel is poured into a mould and between vanadium plate.
The preparation method of 16. teeth as described in one of claim 13-15, is characterized in that: described step 1) in, surface-treated step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L or the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L or 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L or the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L or 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800-1200 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
The preparation method of 17. teeth as described in one of claim 13-16, is characterized in that: described step 2) in external carbon source be graphite paper or graphite powder; Preferably, described graphite paper is more than three grades, and purity is 85-99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm; Preferably, described graphite powder selects granularity at 600-1000 order, and purity is 85-99%.
The preparation method of 18. teeth as described in one of claim 13-17, is characterized in that: described step 6) in, be warming up to 1000-1160 DEG C, programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min, and temperature retention time is 6.5-11.5h, preferred 8-10h.
The preparation method of 19. teeth as described in one of claim 13-18, is characterized in that: selected alloy steel matrix is low-alloy high-tensile structural steel.
The preparation method of 20. teeth as described in one of claim 13-19, it is characterized in that: described protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, gas flow is 5-8ml/min.
The preparation method of 21. teeth as described in one of claim 13-20, it is characterized in that: described step 7) in heat treatment step be: heat-treat at about 550-800 DEG C, matrix is pearlitic structrure, or, heat-treat at 220-550 DEG C, matrix is bainite structure, or, heat-treat below 220 DEG C, matrix is martensitic structure.
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| CN105369143A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-03-02 | 安徽省三方新材料科技有限公司 | Chrome, molybdenum and nickel alloy steel shovel tooth and preparing method thereof |
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| CN104532899B (en) | 2017-06-06 |
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