CN104530369B - 水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于化工领域,具体涉及一种水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉及其制备方法。由A组分和B组分制成:A组分为:官能度为3、分子量为1000~1500的聚醚多元醇,官能度为3、分子量为5000~6000的接枝聚醚多元醇,泡沫稳定剂,胺催化剂,金属催化剂,交联剂,扩链剂,物理发泡剂;B组分为改性黑料。本发明得到的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,制品手感好,密度大,孔隙多,滤水性能好,对水的阻力小,抗压强度高,并具有永久弹性等特点,可长时间重复使用,使用寿命长。本发明还提供其制备方法,加工工艺简单,生产效率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化工领域,具体涉及一种水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉及其制备方法。
背景技术
海水缸、淡水缸和水草缸等观赏类水族箱中,由于观赏鱼在代谢过程中会产生大量含有氨和亚硝酸盐等对鱼类有毒害的代谢废物,加上溶于水中残饵,我们必须将其清除掉,以保证鱼缸内鱼类的生命安全。而普通过滤棉只能进行物理过滤,滤掉水中不溶的固体粪便及残饵,因此还需要培养硝化细菌进行生物过滤,让硝化菌分解水中有毒的氨和亚硝酸盐,转化成无毒的NO3。生化棉就是一种生化过滤效果的过滤材料,充当细菌屋,让硝化细菌有着床的地方,因此可以改善水质,提高鱼类成活率。现在市场上的生化棉密度小,孔隙少,滤水性差,阻力大,会明显的减缓水流,弹性差手感软,生化效果不好。并且清洗几次后会出现弹性减弱,内部破损。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,制品手感好,密度大,孔隙多,滤水性能好,对水的阻力小,使用寿命长;本发明还提供其制备方法,加工工艺简单。
本发明所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,由A组分和B组分按照以下重量份数制成:
A组分:
B组分:
改性黑料 85~90份;
其中:
聚醚多元醇A为官能度为3,分子量为1000~1500的聚醚多元醇;
聚醚多元醇B为官能度为3,分子量为5000~6000的接枝聚醚多元醇;
改性黑料为聚醚多元醇和黑料PM200制备的NCO含量19%的改性黑料。
其中:
聚醚多元醇A为官能度为3,分子量为1000-1500的聚醚多元醇,采用此类多元醇制备的生化棉具有手感好,脱模时间快等优点。
聚醚多元醇A优选为DMN1000,由淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司生产。
聚醚多元醇B为官能度为3,分子量为5000-6000的接枝聚醚多元醇,采用此类多元醇制备的生化棉具有泡孔大、硬度大等优点。
聚醚多元醇B优选为POP45,由淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司生产。
改性黑料为聚醚多元醇和黑料PM200做的NCO含量19%的改性黑料,黑料PM200优选为烟台万华集团生产。改性黑料优选为官能度为2、分子量为2000的聚醚多元醇和黑料PM200以质量比4:4.2的比例混合,于85℃反应3小时制得的NCO含量19%的改性黑料。采用该材料改性黑料作为原料做出的生化棉具有表面光滑、韧性好、强度大等优点。
泡沫稳定剂优选为泡沫稳定剂L-5333,宁波市劲翔化工有限公司生产,具有稳定泡沫和调节泡孔和乳化泡沫物料的作用。
胺催化剂优选为A33,美国气体化工产品公司生产,主要利用其高活性,对凝胶反应和发泡反应起到较强的催化作用。
金属催化剂优选为锡催化剂T12,沧州东塑化工公司生产,主要利用其强凝胶活性,对凝胶反应起到较强的催化作用。
交联剂优选为二乙醇胺,稳定泡沫结构的同时对聚氨酯反应有一定的催化作用。
扩链剂优选为1,4-丁二醇,把反应中的分子链进一步扩大,增加制品的柔韧性。
本发明所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将A组分所有原料加入搅拌器混合均匀,调整恒定料温25±2℃,调节搅拌器转速到4000-5000r/min,将预热至25±2℃的B组分倒入A组分中搅拌,将混合物料倒入预热至40±5℃的模具中,5-10min后脱模,然后去除泡膜,即得到产品。
其中:将B组分倒入A组分中搅拌,搅拌时间为7-9s。
5-10min后脱模,然后优选24小时后再去除泡膜。
去除泡膜为利用爆破除膜法去除泡膜,爆破除膜法为本领域常规工艺。
调节搅拌器转速到4000-5000r/min,采用此范围的转速可以更充分的混匀各组分料。
综上所述,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,制品手感好,密度大,孔隙多,滤水性能好,对水的阻力小,抗压强度高并具有永久弹性等特点,生化效果比市场其他产品明显提高。并且清洗很少出现弹性减弱和内部破损现象,可长时间重复使用,使用寿命长。
(2)本发明还提供其制备方法,加工工艺简单,生产效率高。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,由A组分和B组分按照以下重量份数制成:
A组分:
B组分:
改性黑料 88份;
其中:
改性黑料为官能度为2、分子量为2000的聚醚多元醇和黑料PM200以质量比4:4.2的比例混合,于85℃反应3小时制得的NCO含量19%的改性黑料。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将A组分所有原料加入搅拌器混合均匀,调整恒定料温25±2℃,调节搅拌器转速到4500r/min,将预热至25±2℃的B组分倒入A组分中搅拌8s,将混合物料倒入预热至40±5℃的模具中,8min后脱模,24h后,利用爆破除膜法去除泡膜,即得到产品。
对实施例1制备得到的产品进行性能测试,测试结果如下:
表观密度:23.5kg/m3;
空隙率:97%;
吸水率﹤0.01g/cm3;
导热系数:0.038W/m.k;
压缩永久变形:2%;
压缩强度0.066Mpa。
实施例2
本发明所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,由A组分和B组分按照以下重量份数制成:
A组分:
B组分:
改性黑料 90份;
其中:
改性黑料为官能度为2、分子量为2000的聚醚多元醇和黑料PM200以质量比4:4.2的比例混合,于85℃反应3小时制得的NCO含量19%的改性黑料。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将A组分所有原料加入搅拌器混合均匀,调整恒定料温25±2℃,调节搅拌器转速到4000r/min,将预热至25±2℃的B组分倒入A组分中搅拌7-9s,将混合物料倒入预热至40±5℃的模具中,10min后脱模,24h后,利用爆破除膜法去除泡膜,即得到产品。
对实施例1制备得到的产品进行性能测试,测试结果如下:
表观密度:25.2kg/m3;
空隙率:97%;
吸水率﹤0.01g/cm3;
导热系数:0.038W/m.k;
压缩永久变形:2%;
压缩强度:0.034Mpa。
实施例3
本发明所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,由A组分和B组分按照以下重量份数制成:
A组分:
B组分:
改性黑料 85份;
其中:
改性黑料为官能度为2、分子量为2000的聚醚多元醇和黑料PM200以质量比4:4.2的比例混合,于85℃反应3小时制得的NCO含量19%的改性黑料。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将A组分所有原料加入搅拌器混合均匀,调整恒定料温25±2℃,调节搅拌器转速到5000r/min,将预热至25±2℃的B组分倒入A组分中搅拌7-9s,将混合物料倒入预热至40±5℃的模具中,5min后脱模,24h后,利用爆破除膜法去除泡膜,即得到产品。
对实施例3制备得到的产品进行性能测试,测试结果如下:
表观密度:24.5kg/m3;
空隙率:97%;
吸水率﹤0.01g/cm3;
导热系数:0.040W/m.k;
压缩永久变形:2%;
压缩强度0.034Mpa。
Claims (8)
1.一种水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,其特征在于:由A组分和B组分按照以下重量份数制成:
A组分:
聚醚多元醇A 70~75份
聚醚多元醇B 25~30份
泡沫稳定剂 0.90~1.10份
胺催化剂 0.10~0.20份
金属催化剂 0.20~0.30份
交联剂 3.0~5.0份
扩链剂 5.0~7.0份
物理发泡剂 5~10份,
B组分:
改性黑料 85~90份;
其中:
聚醚多元醇A为DMN1000;聚醚多元醇B为POP45;改性黑料为官能度为2、分子量为2000的聚醚多元醇和黑料PM200以质量比4:4.2的比例混合,于85℃反应3小时制得的NCO含量19%的改性黑料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,其特征在于:泡沫稳定剂为泡沫稳定剂L-5333。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,其特征在于:胺催化剂为A33。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,其特征在于:金属催化剂为锡催化剂T12。
5.根据权利要求1所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,其特征在于:交联剂为二乙醇胺。
6.根据权利要求1所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,其特征在于:扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉,其特征在于:物理发泡剂为水。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一所述的水族箱专用聚氨酯生化棉的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
将A组分所有原料加入搅拌器混合均匀,调整恒定料温25±2℃,调节搅拌器转速到4000-5000r/min,将预热至25±2℃的B组分倒入A组分中搅拌,将混合物料倒入预热至40±5℃的模具中,5-10min后脱模,然后去除泡膜,即得到产品。
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