CN104525915A - Grinding disc and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Grinding disc and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104525915A CN104525915A CN201410658776.2A CN201410658776A CN104525915A CN 104525915 A CN104525915 A CN 104525915A CN 201410658776 A CN201410658776 A CN 201410658776A CN 104525915 A CN104525915 A CN 104525915A
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- dense ceramic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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Abstract
The invention aims at providing a grinding disc with a carbide coating on the surface of the working position, and provides a manufacturing method for obtaining the grinding disc. The carbide coating comprises a V2C compact ceramic layer and further comprises a micrometer V8C7 compact ceramic layer and a fusion layer of the V8C7 and a base body; and the V2C compact ceramic layer, the micrometer V8C7 compact ceramic layer and the fusion layer of the V8C7 and the base body are sequentially distributed in a gradient manner. The carbide coating can be exerted to the surface of stainless steel and is bonded with the base body in a metallurgical manner, the bonding force is high, and the problems that existing hard particles are bonded with the metal base body in a non-metallurgical manner, the bonding force is weak, and the particles are prone to falling off are solved; and the wear-resisting performance of the working surface of the grinding disc is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compound mill with wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of compound mill with wear resistant carbide coating and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of wear resistant carbide coating compound mill being applied to stainless steel surfaces and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In industries such as electric power, mine, cement, chemical industry, coals, mill, as a kind of main parts on grinder, is widely used in the vertical lapping machine of above-mentioned industry-by-industry, is mainly used in the grinding of coal, ore, cement life/grog etc.The wearability of mill and toughness directly affect its service life.In early days, ni-hard cast iron is widely used as mill material, but this material is eliminated gradually because its toughness is too poor and corrosion resistance is bad.
What external mill material mainly adopted at present is stainless steel, high-alloy steel, rich chromium cast iron and nodular cast iron, and domestic main based on stainless steel; Although stainless steel, high-alloy steel have good toughness, hardness is lower, and therefore abrasion resistance is poor, and have employed the very expensive rare alloy element of price, so product cost is also high; And adopt cast iron (rich chromium cast iron, nodular cast iron) material, although wearability is guaranteed, but study carefully the disadvantage of its poor toughness, often in use there is brittle fracture, cause manufacturing enterprise's stop work and production, although have some composites for making grinding machine mill, do not reach good result of use yet yet.Traditional preparation method mainly adopts above-mentioned material, utilizes casting technique, and by melting-Sand Moulding Process design-molding sand-casting-cleaning, the raising of its wearability is also not obvious.
But the hardness only improving grinding disc substrate material is still not enough to the persistence that ensures that it is on active service, therefore increasing coating in its working position is the economical and effective means of this problem of solution.
It is the coating of carbide material that present stage uses more, and hardness is high, abrasion resistance properties is superior feature that it has, covers alloy base surperficial wearability and the life-span can improving the parts prepared by matrix material with coating way.Wherein VC
pbe a kind of common coating material, it has following advantageous features:
(1) physical and chemical performance of the excellences such as density is low, intensity is high, elastic modelling quantity is high, anti-oxidant, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant is possessed;
(2) tendency of growing up in sintering process is little, and particle is generally rounded, is a kind of ideal reinforcing material;
(3) vanadium resource enriches, and easily obtain, less expensive, vanadium carbide obtains and generally applies in metal-base composites;
(4) have very high heat endurance and the face-centred cubic structure of high rigidity, closely, this is convenient to be combined with steel substrate better for lattice paprmeter and lattice types and austenite;
(5) VC
pstandard enthalpy of formation △ G
0be worth low, its synthetic reaction is easy to carry out;
(6) VC
pthe steel-based composite material of coating except hardness is high, wearability well except, machinable, forging, welding, heat treatment reinforcement and be out of shape little, and there is the cold and hot working performance of common steel-smelting.
Therefore, VC
pcoating material is widely used as the wearing face of chipless cold/hot metal machining tool, cutting tool, various mould, antiwear heat resisting is anti-corrosion part.
The method preparing carbide coating at present has chemical vapour deposition technique, physical vaporous deposition, heat spraying method, hot plating method etc., but these methods, there is the deficiencies such as production equipment requirement is harsh, production efficiency is low, anchoring strength of coating is low.
Therefore how VC is obtained at mill working surface
pcoating, and the preparation method selecting that a kind of production equipment is simple, technological process is short, obtain with good, the difficult drop-off of basal body binding force and the coating of mechanical property, anti-wear performance excellence is problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The defect existed for above-mentioned prior art and deficiency, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mill, and the surface of its large end face working position has a kind of wear-resistant coating, and grinding disc substrate is still stainless steel base, and this wear-resistant coating is V
2c dense ceramic layers, its chemical stability and wearability good, there is low-friction coefficient, high rigidity, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity; And further, provide a kind of preparation method for obtaining above-mentioned compound mill.
Further, the present invention also provides a kind of mill, and the surface of its large end face working position has a kind of gradient composite coating, to improve wearability and the fracture toughness on its surface, particularly stainless steel surfaces, and a kind of preparation method for obtaining above-mentioned coating is provided.
Described mill, its large end face is working surface, has wear resistant carbide coating at its working surface, thus ensures that its working surface has very high hardness and good wearability, and tooth body part has good toughness.
For realizing the object of the invention, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of mill, the surface of its large end face working position has wear-resistant coating, and this wear-resistant coating is V
2c dense ceramic layers; Preferably, V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
More preferably, along V
2c dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 9-23 μm, is preferably 12-20 μm, is more preferably 15-20 μm; Preferably, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%; Preferably, V
2c crystallite dimension is 20-50 μm, is preferably 30-50 μm.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of mill, and the surface of its large end face working position has gradient composite coating, and described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, comprises the V of distribution gradient successively
2c dense ceramic layers, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers, V
8c
7with the fused layer of matrix.
Preferably, V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
More preferably, along V
2c dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 9-23 μm, is preferably 12-20 μm, is more preferably 15-20 μm; Preferably, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%; Preferably, V
2c crystallite dimension is 20-50 μm, is preferably 30-50 μm.
Further preferably, along micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 17-88 μm, is preferably 40-80 μm, is more preferably 60-80 μm; Preferably, V
8c
7volume fraction be greater than 70%, be preferably greater than 75%; Preferably, V
8c
7crystallite dimension be 5-15 μm, be preferably 6-15 μm, be more preferably 8-15 μm.
Still more preferably, along V
8c
7with the fused layer longitudinal profile of matrix, its thickness is 129 μm-1077 μm, preferred 300-1050 μm; Preferably, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 20%-85%, be preferably 50%-85%; Preferably, V
8c
7crystallite dimension be 5-20 μm, be preferably 10-20 μm.
Preferably, gradient composite coating gross thickness is 155-1188 μm, preferably at 400-1100 μm.
More preferably, grinding disc substrate tissue is according to heat treatment mode one or more that can be divided in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite different; Preferably, this gradient composite coating is applied in stainless steel surfaces.
The invention provides a kind of mill, the surface of its large end face working position has wear-resistant coating, and its preparation method comprises the steps:
1) first prepare a vanadium plate, preferably, wherein the purity of vanadium should control at 99.7-99.99%; More preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described vanadium plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2) mill mould is made according to mill size, according to the work force-bearing situation of mill, the position of its key wear is the large end face of mill, accordingly by the large end face of vanadium coiled sheet around mill mould, then fixed outer carbon source on vanadium plate, makes itself and vanadium plate combine closely; Preferably, mill mould is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3) make sand mold according to mill size, and mill mould, vanadium plate and external carbon source are placed in sand mold die cavity in the lump; Preferably, CO is used
2waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) stainless steel substrate is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C;
5) poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with vanadium plate and external carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, acquisition grinding disc substrate is stainless steel base, and mill large end face is the complex with vanadium plate; Preferably, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with vanadium plate and external carbon source; Pouring temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is that 5-60 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) complex is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, thus form wear-resistant coating on the surface of mill large end face working position, and grinding disc substrate is still stainless steel base.
Wherein, wear-resistant coating is V
2c dense ceramic layers.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this V
2c dense ceramic layers; Preferably, V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
The present invention also provides a kind of mill, and the surface of its large end face working position has gradient composite coating, and its preparation method comprises the steps:
1) first prepare a vanadium plate, preferably, wherein the purity of vanadium should control at 99.7-99.99%; More preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described vanadium plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2) mill mould is made according to mill size, according to the work force-bearing situation of mill, the position of its key wear is the large end face of mill, accordingly by the large end face of vanadium coiled sheet around mill mould, then fixed outer carbon source on vanadium plate, makes itself and vanadium plate combine closely; Preferably, mill mould is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3) make sand mold according to mill size, and mill mould, vanadium plate and external carbon source are placed in sand mold die cavity in the lump; Preferably, CO is used
2waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) stainless steel substrate is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C;
5) poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with vanadium plate and external carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, acquisition grinding disc substrate is stainless steel base, and mill large end face is the complex with vanadium plate; Preferably, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with vanadium plate and external carbon source; Preferably, pouring temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is that 5-60 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) complex is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of mill large end face working position, and grinding disc substrate is still stainless steel base;
7) surface of the large end face working position of gained has the mill of gradient composite coating, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix.
Preferably, vanadium plate thickness is 0.2-3mm; If be less than 0.2mm, then vanadium plate just complete reaction in cast recombination process, can not obtain V
2c organizes, and directly generates Dispersed precipitate V
8c
7; Then cause diffusion length to increase more than 3mm, reaction power is not enough.
Preferably, by strict rate-determining steps 6) in holding temperature and the relation of time, obtain described accurate monocrystalline phase V
2c dense ceramic layers.This ceramic layer presents comparatively obvious accurate single crystal organization, and show as crystal boundary under light microscope and reduce, affect the dislocation also corresponding minimizing of fracture toughness, the sub boundary in generation increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of this ceramic layer.
Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this gradient composite coating and carbide coating, described carbide coating comprises the accurate monocrystalline phase V of distribution gradient successively
2c dense ceramic layers, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers, V
8c
7with the fused layer of matrix.
More preferably, above-mentioned steps 6) in holding temperature, temperature retention time and the gross thickness of gradient composite coating that finally can obtain meet following formula,
L＝kTlogt1/2+b
0
Wherein:
The gross thickness (μm) of L---gradient composite coating,
K---be constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T---holding temperature (K),
T---temperature retention time (s),
B
0---original depth (μm), the thickness of the composite bed formed after namely molten steel is poured into a mould and between vanadium plate.
To sum up, described gradient composite coating, comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers, hardness is high.Described V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, the arrangement of atom unlike monocrystalline there is identical lattice like that, but still there is strict order, present geometry arrangement; Uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and atomic arrangement is more orderly.Accurate monocrystalline is between polycrystalline phase with monocrystalline phase, and compared to polycrystalline phase, the crystal boundary of accurate monocrystalline phase obviously reduces, and dislocation density is low, has more sub boundary, and therefore hardness has obvious lifting; And than monocrystalline phase, it requires lower to preparation method, and organize more stable.
Preferably, in step 1) in, surface-treated step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L or the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L or 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L or the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L or 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800-1200 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
More preferably, step 2) in external carbon source be graphite paper or graphite powder; Preferably, described graphite paper is more than three grades, and purity is 85-99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm; Preferably, described graphite powder selects granularity at 600-1000 order, and purity is 85-99%.Preferably, step 5) in, be warming up to 1000-1160 DEG C, programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min, and temperature retention time is 6.5-11.5h, preferred 8-10h.
Preferably, selected stainless steel base is martensitic stain less steel, ferritic stainless steel or austenitic stainless steel.
Preferably, protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, and gas flow is 5-8ml/min.
Wherein, holding temperature should be strict controlled in above-mentioned scope, and temperature is higher than 1160 DEG C, and the liquid phase in course of reaction is too much, and makes V
2c is transformed into V
8c
7, and accurate monocrystalline phase V can not be obtained
2c; But temperature is lower than 1000 DEG C, then the solubility of V is too low, and reaction cannot be carried out by forward.Same, temperature retention time also should keep one reasonably interval, the time more than 11.5h, nearly all V
2c can change V into
8c
7, and lower than 6.5h, then react the V of acquisition
2very little, coating layer thickness is difficult to ensure C, and best should remain on 8-10h.
More preferably, the mill complex with carbide coating by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix: martensite type stainless steel adopts modifier treatment, obtains tempered sorbite; By quenching+lonneal, obtain tempered martensite.Austenitic stainless steel adopts solution treatment, and solid solution temperature is generally 1050-1150 DEG C.Ferrite type stainless steel is air cooling or water-cooled after annealing in process, uses under annealing softening state.
Described mill take stainless steel as matrix, selected stainless steel base is martensitic stain less steel (12Cr12, 12Cr13, 20Cr13, 30Cr13, 68Cr17 etc. 5 kinds), ferritic stainless steel (06Crl3Al, 022Cr11Ti, 022Cr12, 10Cr17, 10Cr17Mo etc. 7 kinds) or austenitic stainless steel (12Cr17Mn6Ni5N, 12Cr18Mn9Ni5N, 12Cr17Ni7, 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10 etc. 22 kinds), see GB GB/T 2087-2007, matrix is not all pearlite according to heat treatment mode, martensite, ferrite, bainite, one or more in austenite and sorbite.
After the present invention obtains the mill complex of stainless steel base+vanadium by casting, introduce external carbon source, directly carbide coating can be formed on the surface of mill large end face working position in the mode adding thermal diffusion, it is metallurgical binding between carbide coating and grinding disc substrate, adhesion is very strong, and overcome non-metallurgical binding between existing hard particles and metallic matrix, adhesion is very weak, particle holds caducous problem, has increased substantially the mechanical property of coating.And the method is simple to operate, without the need to complex device, the mill of acquisition is functional.Different heat treatment modes, makes mill have different mechanical properties, meets the requirement of actual production.Due to V
2the formation of C dense ceramic layers, this ceramic layer presents comparatively obvious accurate single crystal organization, and show as crystal boundary under light microscope and reduce, affect the dislocation also corresponding minimizing of fracture toughness, the sub boundary in generation increases, and effectively improves the anti-crack ability of this ceramic layer.Disc surface has higher hardness HRC58-66, and relative wear resistance is 10-20 times of matrix.Described relative wear resistance is defined as: take matrix material as standard specimen, in identical abrasive grain, same load, after disk rotates same number of turns with same rotational speed, tested coating produces the relative wear resistance that ratio that wear extent and standard specimen produce wear extent is called coating, therefore be several times of matrix also referred to as the relative wear resistance of coating, the examination criteria of following identical parameters is identical with it.
This is due to V wherein
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion single crystal organization, chemical stability and wearability good, there is low-friction coefficient, high rigidity, low-surface-energy and low thermal conductiv-ity.And micron V on the other side
8c
7the hardness of ceramic layer can only reach HRC40-58, and its relative wear resistance is 6-10 times of matrix.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 mill preparation technology figure;
The partial enlarged drawing that compound mill after Fig. 2 heat treatment and sample intercept.
Detailed description of the invention
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Wherein, CO can be adopted when making sand mold
2any one in waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand.
Embodiment 1: the preparation method of mill, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate 1, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.7%.Described vanadium plate 1 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate 1 is at 0.2mm.
2, according to mill 2 size, mill mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of mill 2, the position of its key wear is the large end face of mill 2, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is wound on the large end face of mill mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 4 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 4 is graphite paper, and described graphite paper is more than three grades, purity 85%, thickness is 0.1mm, makes itself and vanadium plate 1 combine closely (Fig. 1).
3, according to mill 2 size, CO is used
2waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold 5, and mill mould 3 is placed in sand mold 5 die cavity.
4, smelt steel substrate for molten steel, temperature controls at 1500 DEG C, and selected steel substrate is 12Cr12.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel and be above-mentionedly placed with in the sand mold 5 of vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper, pouring temperature controls at 1500 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 5 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining mill 2 matrix is 12Cr12, and mill 2 large end face is the complex with vanadium plate.
6, the mill complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1000 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 6.5h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of mill large end face working position, and grinding disc substrate is still 12Cr12.Described protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 5ml/min.
7, the surface of the large end face working position of gained has the mill of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, Technology for Heating Processing is: adopt modifier treatment, obtains tempered sorbite.
As shown in Figure 2, gained gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 20 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 9 μm, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 90%.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 6
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 17 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 75%, its crystallite dimension is 5 μm.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 6 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 7
8c
7with the fused layer 8 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 129 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 20%, its crystallite dimension is 5 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 8 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 155 μm.Described grinding disc substrate is sorbite.Disc surface has higher hardness HRC58, and relative wear resistance is 10 times of matrix.
Embodiment 2: the preparation method of mill, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate 1, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.8%.Described vanadium plate 1 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate 1 is at 1mm.
2, according to mill 2 size, mill mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of mill 2, the position of its key wear is the large end face of mill 2, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is wound on the large end face of mill mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 4 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 4 is graphite paper, and described graphite paper is more than three grades, purity 99%, thickness is 0.2mm, makes itself and vanadium plate 1 combine closely (Fig. 1).
3, according to mill 2 size, make sand mold 5 with precoated sand, and mill mould 3 is placed in sand mold 5 die cavity.
4, smelt steel substrate for molten steel, temperature controls at 1510 DEG C, and selected steel substrate is 06Crl3Al.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel and be above-mentionedly placed with in the sand mold 5 of vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper, pouring temperature controls at 1510 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 20 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining mill 2 matrix is 06Crl3Al, and mill 2 large end face is be the complex with vanadium plate.
6, the mill complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1050 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is that 7.5h finally cools to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of mill large end face working position, and grinding disc substrate is still 06Crl3Al.Described protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the surface of the large end face working position of gained has the mill of gradient composite coating, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, Technology for Heating Processing is: air cooling or water-cooled after annealing in process, use under annealing softening state, and matrix is martensite.
Described gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 22 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 12 μm; Wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 80%.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 6
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 52 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 78%, its crystallite dimension is 7 μm.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 6 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 7
8c
7with the fused layer 8 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 404 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 60%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 8 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 468 μm.Described grinding disc substrate is martensite.Disc surface has higher hardness HRC64, and relative wear resistance is 16 times of matrix.
Embodiment 3: the preparation method of mill, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate 1, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.8%.Described vanadium plate 1 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1000 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate 1 is at 0.35mm.
2, according to mill 2 size, mill mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of mill 2, the position of its key wear is the large end face of mill 2, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is wound on the large end face of mill mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 4 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 4 is graphite paper, and described graphite paper is more than three grades, purity 95%, thickness is 0.35mm, makes itself and vanadium plate 1 combine closely (Fig. 1).
3, according to mill 2 size, make sand mold 5 with self-hardening resin sand, and mill mould 3 is placed in sand mold 5 die cavity.
4, smelt steel substrate for molten steel, temperature controls at 1520 DEG C, and selected steel substrate is 12Cr17Mn6Ni5N.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel and be above-mentionedly placed with in the sand mold 5 of vanadium plate 1 and graphite paper, pouring temperature controls at 1520 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 30 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining mill 2 matrix is 12Cr17Mn6Ni5N, and mill 2 large end face is the complex with vanadium plate 1.
6, the mill complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1080 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 9.5h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of mill large end face working position, and grinding disc substrate is still 12Cr17Mn6Ni5N.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the surface of the large end face working position of gained has the mill of gradient composite coating, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, Technology for Heating Processing is: adopt solution treatment, solid solution temperature is 1050 degree, then be cooled fast to room temperature, be organized as martensite.
Described gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 25 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 14 μm; Wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 95%.
Further, comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 6
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 57 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 80%, its crystallite dimension is 10 μm.
Further, can also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 6 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 7
8c
7with the fused layer 8 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 674 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 75%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 8 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 745 μm.Described grinding disc substrate is martensite.Disc surface has higher hardness HRC65, and relative wear resistance is 18 times of matrix.
Embodiment 4: the preparation method of mill, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate 1, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.9%.Described vanadium plate 1 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate 1 is at 3mm.
2, according to mill 2 size, mill mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of mill 2, the position of its key wear is the large end face of mill 2, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is wound on the large end face of mill mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 4 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 4 is graphite powder, described graphite powder selects granularity at 600 orders, and purity is 85%, makes itself and vanadium plate 1 combine closely (Fig. 1).
3, according to mill 2 size, make sand mold 5 with tide mould sand, and mill mould 3 is placed in sand mold 5 die cavity.
4, smelt steel substrate for molten steel, temperature controls at 1530 DEG C, and selected steel substrate is 12Cr13.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel and be above-mentionedly placed with in the sand mold 5 of vanadium plate 1 and graphite powder, pouring temperature controls at 1530 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 40 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining mill 2 matrix is 12Cr13, and mill 2 large end face is the complex with vanadium plate 1.
6, the mill complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1160 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 11.5h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of mill large end face working position, and grinding disc substrate is still 12Cr13.Described protection gas is argon gas, and gas flow is 6ml/min.
7, the surface of the large end face working position of gained has the mill of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, Technology for Heating Processing is: quenching+lonneal, obtains tempered martensite.
Described gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 50 μm, and along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 23 μm, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 95%.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 6
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 88 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 80%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 7 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 7
8c
7with the fused layer 8 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 1077 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 55%, its crystallite dimension is 20 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 8 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 1188 μm.Described grinding disc substrate is martensite.Disc surface has higher hardness HRC66, and relative wear resistance is 20 times of matrix.
Embodiment 5: the preparation method of mill, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate 1, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.7%.Described vanadium plate 1 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate 1 is at 0.2mm.
2, according to mill 2 size, mill mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of mill 2, the position of its key wear is the large end face of mill 2, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is wound on the large end face of mill mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 4 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 4 is graphite powder, described graphite powder selects granularity at 800 orders, and purity is 89%, makes itself and vanadium plate 1 combine closely (Fig. 1).
3, according to mill 2 size, CO is used
2waterglass hardened sand makes sand mold 5, and mill mould 3 is placed in sand mold 5 die cavity.
4, smelt steel substrate for molten steel, temperature controls at 1540 DEG C, and selected steel substrate is 022Cr11Ti.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel and be above-mentionedly placed with in the sand mold 5 of vanadium plate 1 and graphite powder, pouring temperature controls at 1540 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 50 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining mill 2 matrix is 022Cr11Ti, and mill 2 large end face is the complex with vanadium plate 1.
6, the mill complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1150 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 8.5h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of mill large end face working position, and grinding disc substrate is still 022Cr11Ti.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 7ml/min.
7, the surface of the large end face working position of gained has the mill of gradient composite coating, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, Technology for Heating Processing is: air cooling or water-cooled after annealing in process, use, be organized as martensite under annealing softening state.
Described gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 42 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 22 μm; Wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 80%.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 6
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 77 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 78%, its crystallite dimension is 14 μm.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 6 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 7
8c
7with the fused layer 8 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 1009 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 60%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 8 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 1108 μm.Described grinding disc substrate is martensite.Disc surface has higher hardness HRC60, and relative wear resistance is 12 times of matrix.
Embodiment 6: the preparation method of mill, comprises the steps:
1, first prepare a vanadium plate 1, wherein the purity of vanadium should control 99.99%.Described vanadium plate 1 should first by surface treatment in addition, and step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, the hydrogen peroxide of 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 1200 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.The THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate 1 is at 1.5mm.
2, according to mill 2 size, mill mould 3 is made with polystyrene foam plastics, according to the work force-bearing situation of mill 2, the position of its key wear is the large end face of mill 2, accordingly vanadium plate 1 is wound on the large end face of mill mould 3, then fixed outer carbon source 4 on vanadium plate 1, external carbon source 4 is graphite powder, described graphite powder selects granularity at 1000 orders, and purity is 99%, makes itself and vanadium plate 1 combine closely (Fig. 1).
3, according to mill 2 size, make sand mold 5 with precoated sand, and mill mould 3 is placed in sand mold 5 die cavity.
4, smelt steel substrate for molten steel, temperature controls at 1560 DEG C, and selected steel substrate is 12Cr18Mn9Ni5N.
5, evaporative pattern process for suction casting is adopted, poured into by above-mentioned molten steel and be above-mentionedly placed with in the sand mold 5 of vanadium plate 1 and graphite powder, pouring temperature controls at 1560 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is be advisable for 60 seconds, after one minute, at hot topping, after room temperature cooling, after molten metal cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, obtaining mill 2 matrix is 12Cr18Mn9Ni5N, and mill 2 large end face is the complex with vanadium plate 1.
6, the mill complex obtained having cast puts into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere; be warming up to 1100 DEG C; programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min; temperature retention time is 10.5h; finally cool to room temperature with the furnace; thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of mill large end face working position, and grinding disc substrate is still 12Cr18Mn9Ni5N.Described protection gas is nitrogen, and gas flow is 8ml/min.
7, the surface of the large end face working position of gained has the mill of gradient composite coating, and by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix, Technology for Heating Processing is: adopt solution treatment, solid solution temperature is generally 1050 DEG C, and matrix is bainite.
Described gradient composite coating comprises V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, be as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and its crystallite dimension is 36 μm; Along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 20 μm; Wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is 95%.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2micron V under C dense ceramic layers 6
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 72 μm, V
8c
7volume fraction be 90%, its crystallite dimension is 12 μm.
Further, also comprise and be positioned at above-mentioned accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 6 and micron V
8c
7v under dense ceramic layers 7
8c
7with the fused layer 8 of matrix, along coating longitudinal profile, its thickness is 995 μm, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 85%, its crystallite dimension is 15 μm.Now, described carbide coating is composite coating, by described accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers 6, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers 7 and V
8c
7form with the fused layer 8 of matrix, and distribution gradient successively, its gross thickness is 1087 μm.Described grinding disc substrate is bainite.Disc surface has higher hardness HRC62, and relative wear resistance is 14 times of matrix.
Comparative example 1, its preparation method is as follows: with laser cladding directly by V
8c
7the cladding of vanadium carbide particle, at the working face of mill, obtains coating, and thickness is 30 μm, and volume fraction is 80%, hardness HRC23, and toughness is 4MPa.m
1/2, wearability is 2.6 times of matrix.
In comparative example, Laser Surface Modification Technology production cost is high, and production efficiency is low, and technological parameter is wayward, and uses bonding agent will cause pore and slag inclusion in use procedure; And in composite bed, there is not accurate monocrystalline V
2c dense ceramic layers and micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers, composite bed thickness and V
8c
7content is less, V
8c
7crystallite dimension is larger; Simultaneously, recombination process is only externally add the intergranular gap of hard vanadium carbide to carry out casting and blend and carry out melting, sintering to additional particle, non-metallurgical binding between hard vanadium carbide particle and metallic matrix, adhesion is very weak, particle easily comes off or there is oxidation, Inclusion Problem, therefore, its mechanical property is poor.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (21)
1. a mill, has wear-resistant coating in its large end face working position, it is characterized in that: described wear-resistant coating is V
2c dense ceramic layers.
2. mill as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
3. mill as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: along V
2c dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 9-23 μm, is preferably 12-20 μm, is more preferably 15-20 μm; Preferably, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%; Preferably, V
2c crystallite dimension is 20-50 μm, is preferably 30-50 μm.
4. a mill, has gradient composite coating in its large end face working position, it is characterized in that: described gradient composite coating is carbide coating, comprise the V of distribution gradient successively
2c dense ceramic layers, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers, V
8c
7with the fused layer of matrix.
5. mill as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly.
6. the mill as described in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that: along V
2c dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 9-23 μm, is preferably 12-20 μm, is more preferably 15-20 μm; Preferably, wherein V
2the volume fraction of C is greater than 80%, is preferably greater than 90%; Preferably, V
2c crystallite dimension is 20-50 μm, is preferably 30-50 μm.
7. the mill as described in one of claim 4-6, is characterized in that: along micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers longitudinal profile, its thickness is 17-88 μm, is preferably 40-80 μm, is more preferably 60-80 μm; Preferably, V
8c
7volume fraction be greater than 70%, be preferably greater than 75%; Preferably, V
8c
7crystallite dimension be 5-15 μm, be preferably 6-15 μm, be more preferably 8-15 μm.
8. the mill as described in one of claim 4-7, is characterized in that: along V
8c
7with the fused layer longitudinal profile of matrix, its thickness is 129 μm-1077 μm, preferred 300-1050 μm; Preferably, wherein V
8c
7volume fraction be 20%-85%, be preferably 50%-85%; Preferably, V
8c
7crystallite dimension be 5-20 μm, be preferably 10-20 μm.
9. the mill as described in one of claim 4-8, is characterized in that: gradient composite coating gross thickness is 155-1188 μm, preferably at 400-1100 μm.
10. the mill as described in one of claim 4-9, is characterized in that: organize according to heat treatment be not all in pearlite, martensite, ferrite, bainite, austenite and sorbite one or more; Preferably, this gradient composite coating is applied in stainless steel surfaces.
The preparation method of 11. 1 kinds of mills as described in one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, has wear-resistant coating, comprise the steps: in the working position of mill large end face
1) first prepare a vanadium plate, preferably, wherein the purity of vanadium should control at 99.7-99.99%; More preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described vanadium plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2) mill mould is made according to mill size, according to the work force-bearing situation of mill, the position of its key wear is the large end face of mill, accordingly by the large end face of vanadium coiled sheet around mill mould, then fixed outer carbon source on vanadium plate, makes itself and vanadium plate combine closely; Preferably, mill mould is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3) make sand mold according to mill size, and mill mould, vanadium plate and external carbon source are placed in sand mold die cavity in the lump; Preferably, CO is used
2waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) stainless steel substrate is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C;
5) poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with vanadium plate and external carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, acquisition grinding disc substrate is stainless steel base, and mill large end face is the complex with vanadium plate; Preferably, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with vanadium plate and external carbon source; Pouring temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is that 5-60 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) complex is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, thus form wear-resistant coating on the surface of mill large end face working position, and grinding disc substrate is still stainless steel base;
Wherein, wear-resistant coating is V
2c dense ceramic layers.
The preparation method of 12. mills as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that: V
2c dense ceramic layers is as the criterion monocrystalline phase, and described accurate monocrystalline refers to mutually, between polycrystalline phase and monocrystalline mutually between, compared to polycrystalline phase, uniform orientation is high, crystal boundary obviously reduces, and the microscopic structure that atomic arrangement is more orderly; Preferably, by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this V
2c dense ceramic layers.
The preparation method of 13. 1 kinds of mills as described in one of claim 4-10, is characterized in that, the surface of its large end face working position has gradient composite coating, comprises the steps:
1) first prepare a vanadium plate, preferably, wherein the purity of vanadium should control at 99.7-99.99%; More preferably, the THICKNESS CONTROL of described vanadium plate is at 0.2-3mm; Preferably, described vanadium plate is first by addition surface treatment;
2) mill mould is made according to mill size, according to the work force-bearing situation of mill, the position of its key wear is the large end face of mill, accordingly by the large end face of vanadium coiled sheet around mill mould, then fixed outer carbon source on vanadium plate, makes itself and vanadium plate combine closely; Preferably, mill mould is made with polystyrene foam plastics;
3) make sand mold according to mill size, and mill mould, vanadium plate and external carbon source are placed in sand mold die cavity in the lump; Preferably, CO is used
2waterglass hardened sand, precoated sand, self-hardening resin sand or tide mould sand make sand mold;
4) stainless steel substrate is smelted for molten steel; Preferably, temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C;
5) poured into by above-mentioned molten steel in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with vanadium plate and external carbon source, after molten steel cooled and solidified, take out foundry goods, sand removal process, acquisition grinding disc substrate is stainless steel base, and mill large end face is the complex with vanadium plate; Preferably, adopt evaporative pattern process for suction casting, above-mentioned molten steel is poured in the above-mentioned sand mold being placed with vanadium plate and external carbon source; Pouring temperature controls at 1500-1560 DEG C, and the duration of pouring is that 5-60 is advisable second; More preferably, after one minute, at hot topping; Preferably, room temperature cooling;
6) complex is put into the holding furnace inside holding with protective atmosphere, finally cool to room temperature with the furnace, thus form gradient composite coating on the surface of mill large end face working position, and grinding disc substrate is still stainless steel base;
7) surface of the large end face working position of gained has the mill of gradient composite coating, by further heat treatment to obtain more suitably matrix.
The preparation method of 14. mills as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that: by rate-determining steps 6) in temperature retention time, holding temperature obtain this gradient composite coating and carbide coating, described carbide coating comprises the accurate monocrystalline phase V of distribution gradient successively
2c dense ceramic layers, micron V
8c
7dense ceramic layers, V
8c
7with the fused layer of matrix.
The preparation method of 15. mills as claimed in claim 14, is characterized in that: in step 6) in holding temperature, temperature retention time and the gross thickness of gradient composite coating that finally can obtain meet following formula,
L＝kTlogt
1/2+b
0
Wherein:
The gross thickness (μm) of L---gradient composite coating,
K---be constant, value is 0-1, k ≠ 0,
T---holding temperature (K),
T---temperature retention time (s),
B
0---original depth (μm), the thickness of the composite bed formed after namely molten steel is poured into a mould and between vanadium plate.
The preparation method of 16. mills as described in one of claim 13-15, is characterized in that: described step 1) in, surface-treated step is as follows:
First step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrochloric acid of 300ml/L or the phosphoric acid of 60ml/L or 120ml/L, rear running water;
Second step pickling, selects the hydrogen peroxide of the hydrofluoric acid of 300ml/L or the sulfuric acid of 200ml/L or 240ml/L, rear running water;
3rd step surface finish, selects 800-1200 object Al
2o
3sand paper, finally uses alcohol ultrasonic cleaning.
The preparation method of 17. mills as described in one of claim 13-16, is characterized in that: described step 2) in external carbon source be graphite paper or graphite powder; Preferably, described graphite paper is more than three grades, and purity is 85-99%, and thickness is 0.1-0.35mm; Preferably, described graphite powder selects granularity at 600-1000 order, and purity is 85-99%.
The preparation method of 18. mills as described in one of claim 13-17, is characterized in that: described step 7) in, be warming up to 1000-1160 DEG C, programming rate controls at 7 DEG C/min, and temperature retention time is 6.5-11.5h, preferred 8-10h.
The preparation method of 19. mills as described in one of claim 13-18, it is characterized in that: selected stainless steel base is martensitic stain less steel, ferritic stainless steel or austenitic stainless steel, matrix according to heat treating regime be not all in martensite, sorbite, ferrite, austenite and bainite one or more.
The preparation method of 20. mills as described in one of claim 13-19, it is characterized in that: described protection gas is argon gas or nitrogen, gas flow is 5-8ml/min.
The preparation method of 21. mills as described in one of claim 13-20, is characterized in that: described step 7) in heat treatment step be: martensite type stainless steel adopts modifier treatment, obtains tempered sorbite; By quenching+lonneal, obtain tempered martensite; Austenitic stainless steel adopts solution treatment, and solid solution temperature is generally 1050-1150 DEG C; Ferrite type stainless steel is air cooling or water-cooled after annealing in process, uses under annealing softening state.
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