CN104497400A - 一种农用环保隔氧可降解薄膜 - Google Patents

一种农用环保隔氧可降解薄膜 Download PDF

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CN104497400A
CN104497400A CN201410781327.7A CN201410781327A CN104497400A CN 104497400 A CN104497400 A CN 104497400A CN 201410781327 A CN201410781327 A CN 201410781327A CN 104497400 A CN104497400 A CN 104497400A
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郝永强
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TIANJIN KAIXUAN PLASTIC PRODUCTS CO Ltd
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Abstract

一种农用环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其是采用在塑料薄膜的双面涂敷除虫剂制得；其组分及重量份数为：玉米淀粉40-60份,聚乙烯100份,普鲁兰多糖20-40份,聚碳酸酯10-20份,抗氧剂2-4份,紫外线吸收剂0.5-1份,柏木油4.5-6.5份,聚乙烯蜡5-10份,增塑剂2-4份,热稳定剂1份，复合填料6-8份，每平方米薄膜上涂覆除虫剂浆体4-6g；本发明提供的隔氧且可降解塑料薄膜在富氧及微生物的作用下会自动分解，废弃后的薄膜能被自然界中微生物完全降解消化，最终生成二氧化碳和水，较相同厚度的LDPE薄膜隔氧性能可提高40％。本发明的制备方法工艺简单、生产效率高、工业化实施容易、可用普通塑料吹膜机进行生产。

Description

一种农用环保隔氧可降解薄膜
技术领域
本发明属于塑料薄膜材料领域，尤其是一种农用环保隔氧可降解薄膜。
背景技术
随着食品、药品行业的蓬勃发展，对新型隔氧包装材料的需求比以往更为迫切，开发与研究新型用于食品、药品包装的隔氧材料是一项重要而急迫的战略任务。当前，包装材料环境污染问题已引起世界各国的高度重视，实现包装材料的环境友好性已成为材料科学研究最具吸引力和挑战性的方向之一。
生物降解塑料是治理塑料废弃物对环境污染及缓冲石油资源矛盾的有效途径之一，从食品的包装袋到农用薄膜，再到电子电器产品的外壳，从一次性包装、食用制品到经久耐用产品，生物降解塑料正逐步取代传统塑料材料，市场前景十分广阔。据报道，目前全球研发的生物降解塑料品种已有几十种，主要品种有：微生物发酵合成的聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA、PHB、PHBV等),化学合成的聚乳酸(PLA)、聚己内酯、二元醇二羧酸脂肪族聚酯(PBS)、脂肪族/芳香族共聚酯、CO2/环氧化合物共聚物(APC)、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)等，天然高分子淀粉基塑料及其生物降解塑料共混物、塑料合金等。目前已进入中试或批量生产的品种有淀粉基塑料，PHA(PHB、PHBV、PHBH-HX等)、PLA、PBS、APC、改性PVA、淀粉/PVA，PLA、PCL等塑料合金及共混物等。
淀粉是一种来源丰富、价格低廉的天然高分子材料，也是一种取之不尽用之不竭的可再生资源，它能在多种环境条件下被生物降解，最终降解产物CO2和H2O可以通过植物的光合作用进行再循环，不会对环境造成任何污染。因此，淀粉被广泛应用于可降解塑料的研究与产品开发，并且已经取得了重大的进展。
目前，国内已研制出了采用淀粉制备的可生物降解的包装薄膜，相关文献报道较多。例如，沈阳爱丽善绿环科技有限公司发明的POL生物降解塑料及其制备工艺【CN1624034】；中海油发明的一种可生物降解的聚碳酸亚丙酯复合材料及其制备方法【CN101962470】；中科院长春应用化学研究所发明的一种完全生物降解的聚乳酸纳米复合材料及其制备方法【CN101735583】；四川省食品发酵工业研究设计院关于果蔬纳米保鲜膜的研制及其在青椒保鲜中的应用研究【余文华，李洁芝等.果蔬纳米保鲜膜的研制及其在青椒保鲜中的应用研究.四川食品与发酵，2008(5)：28-31】；福建省二轻工业研究所关于淀粉/硬脂酸铈配合体系的降解LDPE包装薄膜的研究【张华集.淀粉/硬脂酸铈配合体系的降解LDPE包装薄膜的研究.中国塑料，1999(2)：60-65】；华中农业大学院关于聚乙烯/矿物粉复合降解薄膜的机械性能及光降解性能的研究【王金玲，尹业平，等.聚乙烯/矿物粉复合降解薄膜的机械性能及光降解性能.化工时刊，2006(3)：6-10】。
当前淀粉塑料已经经历了三代产品:第一代产品用6％～20％的淀粉和聚烯烃(如PE、PP)的共混物制备，属淀粉填充型塑料，淀粉降解后留下一个不能再降解的多孔聚合物且不能回收利用。其碎片对土壤造成更严重污染，所以这类淀粉基塑料被称为“假降解塑料”或“崩解塑料”。第二代产品用含量大于50％的淀粉和亲水性聚合物进行共混制备，淀粉和亲水性聚合物之间发生较强的物理和化学作用，并以连续相存在，这种材料显示了较好的生物降解性、可加工性、经济性、实用性，技术比较成熟。第三代产品是将热塑性淀粉、天然淀粉、直链淀粉或高直链淀粉在不添加聚合物，于高温、高压和高湿条件下挤塑或注塑得到的全生物降解型塑性材料，但目前尚处于研究阶段。
但是，目前采用淀粉制备的塑料包装材料，生物降解性能的大小取决于体系中淀粉含量的高低。淀粉含量高的塑料薄膜材料，尽管生物降解性能较好，但薄膜材料力学性能欠缺，而且薄膜隔氧性不好，用在食品、药品等包装领域时，因具有不同程度的透气性而严重影响包装的质量。因此，研制新型生物降解性能好、力学性能能满足包装使用要求、具有良好隔氧性的包装塑料薄膜受到世界各国高度的重视。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处，提供一种具有更加优越的拉伸性能以及断裂伸长率的一种农用环保隔氧可降解薄膜。
本发明实现目的的技术方案是：
一种农用环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其是采用在塑料薄膜的双面涂敷除虫剂制得；其组分及重量份数为：
每平方米薄膜上涂覆除虫剂浆体4-6g。
而且，所述抗氧剂是抗氧剂1010或抗氧剂168。
而且，所述紫外线吸收剂是水杨酸苯酯或紫外线吸收剂UV-531。
而且，所述聚乙烯为低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯按照质量比2:2:1混料。
而且，所述的除虫剂浆体是由下述重量份的原料混匀制得：聚乙烯醇65-75份，中药除虫提取物3-5份，交联剂TAIC 1-2份，氯化石蜡0.3-0.5份，醇醚糖苷0.3-0.5份。
而且，所述的中药除虫提取物是由下述重量份的原料制得：红花1-2份、山豆根2-4份、土荆皮1-2份、百部3-5份、狼毒1-2份，木槿花1-3份，除虫菊1-2份。
而且，所述的复合填料由下述重量份的原料制得：白云石6-8份、贝壳1-2份、钾长石5-7份、丙烯酸甲酯0.1-0.2份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.1-0.2份、辣椒籽油0.3-0.5份、氢氧化镁3-6份。
本发明的优点和有益效果为：
1、本发明提供的隔氧且可降解塑料薄膜在富氧及微生物的作用下会自动分解，废弃后的薄膜能被自然界中微生物完全降解消化，最终生成二氧化碳和水，较相同厚度的LDPE薄膜隔氧性能可提高40％。本发明的制备方法工艺简单、生产效率高、工业化实施容易、可用普通塑料吹膜机进行生产。
2、当本发明铺设后，借助于雨水的作用均匀的把除虫剂溶解地面上，来达到除虫的目。除虫菊是一种既有较高的经济价值又有观赏价值的菊科植物,它根、茎、叶、花等都含有毒虫素物质,可用来提取除虫菊酯的原料,用以配制各种杀虫剂。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
如无特殊说明，本发明中所使用的试剂为常规试剂；如无特殊说明，所使用的方法为常规方法。
实施例1
(1)一种农用环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其是采用在塑料薄膜的双面涂敷除虫剂制得，所述的塑料薄膜由下述重量(kg)的原料制得：
每平方米薄膜上涂覆除虫剂浆体4g。
(2)所述的除虫剂浆体是由下述重量份的原料混匀制得：
聚乙烯醇 65、
中药除虫提取物 3、
交联剂 TAIC 1、
氯化石蜡 0.3、
醇醚糖苷 0.3；
(3)所述的中药除虫提取物是由下述重量份的原料制得：
红花 1、
山豆根 2、
土荆皮 1、
百部 3、
狼毒 1、
木槿花 1、
除虫菊 1；
(4)所述的中药除虫提取物的制备方法为：将各原料混匀后，加入相当于所有原料重量3倍的水，煎煮去渣后，滤液浓缩干燥，即得；
所述的复合填料由下述重量份的原料制得：
白云石 6、
贝壳 1、
钾长石 5、
丙烯酸甲酯 0.1、
壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 0.1、
辣椒籽油 0.3、
氢氧化镁 3。
实施例2
(1)一种农用环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其是采用在塑料薄膜的双面涂敷除虫剂制得，所述的塑料薄膜由下述重量(kg)的原料制得：
每平方米薄膜上涂覆除虫剂浆体5g；
(2)所述的除虫剂浆体是由下述重量份的原料混匀制得：
聚乙烯醇 70、
中药除虫提取物 4、
交联剂 TAIC 1.5、
氯化石蜡 0.4、
醇醚糖苷 0.4；
(3)所述的中药除虫提取物是由下述重量份的原料制得：
红花 1.5、
山豆根 3、
土荆皮 1.5、
百部 4、
狼毒 1.5，
木槿花 2，
除虫菊 1.5；
(4)所述的中药除虫提取物的制备方法为：将各原料混匀后，加入相当于所有原料重量4倍的水，煎煮去渣后，滤液浓缩干燥，即得；
所述的复合填料由下述重量份的原料制得：
白云石 7、
贝壳 1.5、
钾长石 6、
丙烯酸甲酯 0.15、
壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 0.15、
辣椒籽油 0.4、
氢氧化镁 4.5。
实施例3
(1)一种农用环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其是采用在塑料薄膜的双面涂敷除虫剂制得，所述的塑料薄膜由下述重量(kg)的原料制得：
每平方米薄膜上涂覆除虫剂浆体6g。
(2)所述的除虫剂浆体是由下述重量份的原料混匀制得：
聚乙烯醇 75、
中药除虫提取物 5、
交联剂 TAIC 2、
氯化石蜡 0.5、
醇醚糖苷 0.5；
(3)所述的中药除虫提取物是由下述重量份的原料制得：
红花 2、
山豆根 4、
土荆皮 2、
百部 5、
狼毒 2、
木槿花 3、
除虫菊 2；
(4)所述的中药除虫提取物的制备方法为：将各原料混匀后，加入相当于所有原料重量5倍的水，煎煮去渣后，滤液浓缩干燥，即得；
所述的复合填料由下述重量份的原料制得：
白云石 8、
贝壳 2、
钾长石 7、
丙烯酸甲酯 0.2、
壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 0.2、
辣椒籽油 0.5、
氢氧化镁 6。

Claims (7)

1.一种环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其特征在于：
其组分及重量份数为：
每平方米薄膜上涂覆除虫剂浆体4-6g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其特征在于：所述抗氧剂是抗氧剂1010或抗氧剂168。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其特征在于：所述紫外线吸收剂是水杨酸苯酯或紫外线吸收剂UV-531。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其特征在于：所述聚乙烯为低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯按照质量比2:2:1混料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其特征在于：所述的除虫剂浆体是由下述重量份的原料混匀制得：聚乙烯醇65-75份，中药除虫提取物3-5份，交联剂TAIC 1-2份，氯化石蜡0.3-0.5份，醇醚糖苷0.3-0.5份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其特征在于：所述的中药除虫提取物是由下述重量份的原料制得：红花1-2份、山豆根2-4份、土荆皮1-2份、百部3-5份、狼毒1-2份，木槿花1-3份，除虫菊1-2份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保隔氧可降解薄膜，其特征在于：所述的复合填料由下述重量份的原料制得：白云石6-8份、贝壳1-2份、钾长石5-7份、丙烯酸甲酯0.1-0.2份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.1-0.2份、辣椒籽油0.3-0.5份、氢氧化镁3-6份。
CN201410781327.7A 2014-12-16 2014-12-16 一种农用环保隔氧可降解薄膜 Pending CN104497400A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105924752A (zh) * 2016-07-06 2016-09-07 苏州科淼新材料有限公司 一种耐高温hdpe塑料薄膜料及其制备方法
CN106397908A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-15 安徽中科自动化股份有限公司 一种塑料农膜

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105924752A (zh) * 2016-07-06 2016-09-07 苏州科淼新材料有限公司 一种耐高温hdpe塑料薄膜料及其制备方法
CN106397908A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-15 安徽中科自动化股份有限公司 一种塑料农膜

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