CN104497398A - 一种可降解的塑料薄膜 - Google Patents

一种可降解的塑料薄膜 Download PDF

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CN104497398A
CN104497398A CN201410781031.5A CN201410781031A CN104497398A CN 104497398 A CN104497398 A CN 104497398A CN 201410781031 A CN201410781031 A CN 201410781031A CN 104497398 A CN104497398 A CN 104497398A
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pullulan
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郝永强
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TIANJIN KAIXUAN PLASTIC PRODUCTS CO Ltd
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    • C08J2403/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2423/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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    • C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract

一种可降解的塑料薄膜，其原料组分及重量份数分别为：聚乙烯80份、聚乳酸20-40份、PBM降解材料60-80份、填充料10-15份、普鲁兰多糖5-8份、抗氧剂2-4份、紫外线吸收剂1-1.5份；本发明提供的隔氧且可降解塑料薄膜在制备方法上选用目前市场上成熟的改性淀粉可降解塑料母料PBM与Pullulan多糖和薄膜级LDPE共混挤出吹膜，利用LDPE的特点，保证薄膜良好的力学性能；利用PBM和Pullulan的可降解性，实现薄膜材料的环境友好性；利用Pullulan的高隔氧性，提高薄膜材料的隔氧性；利用淀粉与Pullulan作为糖类物质在结构上的相似性，提高塑料薄膜材料整体的相容性；通过控制LDPE/PBM/Pullulan体系的共混配比，可实现对隔氧性和可降解性等的调控。

Description

一种可降解的塑料薄膜
技术领域
本发明涉及一种塑料薄膜，特别是一种可降解的塑料薄膜。
背景技术
众所周知，用塑料薄膜制作的塑料袋轻、薄、不透水、强度较大、成本低，是一种很好的包装材料，塑料袋的使用给人们的生活带来了极大的方便，使塑料袋的用量越来越大，用过后的废弃塑料袋不易回收、不易降解，大量的废弃塑料袋已成为当前污染环境的一个严重的问题。为了减轻塑料薄膜对环境的污染，人们研发出了一些环保型绿色可降解塑料薄膜，可完全生物降解塑料树脂及其薄膜类制品的方法。这类可降解塑薄膜，其组成成分有薄膜级塑料和可引发塑料产生降解的组分，如淀粉、碳酸钙等，这种可降解塑料薄膜是添加型可降解塑料薄膜，添加型可降解塑料薄膜为改善环境发挥了一定的积极作用。但这种可降解塑料薄膜加工的工艺性能不好、制成的塑料薄膜产品物性和外观较差。
生物降解塑料是治理塑料废弃物对环境污染及缓冲石油资源矛盾的有效途径之一，从食品的包装袋到农用薄膜，再到电子电器产品的外壳，从一次性包装、食用制品到经久耐用产品，生物降解塑料正逐步取代传统塑料材料，市场前景十分广阔。据报道，目前全球研发的生物降解塑料品种已有几十种，主要品种有：微生物发酵合成的聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA、PHB、PHBV等),化学合成的聚乳酸(PLA)、聚己内酯、二元醇二羧酸脂肪族聚酯(PBS)、脂肪族/芳香族共聚酯、CO2/环氧化合物共聚物(APC)、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)等，天然高分子淀粉基塑料及其生物降解塑料共混物、塑料合金等。目前已进入中试或批量生产的品种有淀粉基塑料，PHA(PHB、PHBV、PHBH-HX等)、PLA、PBS、APC、改性PVA、淀粉/PVA，PLA、PCL等塑料合金及共混物等。
另外，这种可降解塑料薄膜的降解需要一定的固定条件，而塑料薄膜废弃后的环境，要么是被搞在封闭的垃圾处理系统中，要么就是暴露在条件不固定的自然环境中，很难保征这种塑料薄膜降解所需要的固定条件，这些降解塑料在大多数情况下，无论是在垃圾处理系统中还是在自然环境因为受条件限制而不能很好地降解。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述不足，提出一种在废弃后的环境中，保证降解的可降解环保绿色塑料袋制品。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种可降解的塑料薄膜，其特征在于：其原料组分及重量份数分别为：
所述聚乙烯为低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯按照质量比2:2:1混料。
PBM降解材料是利用农业生物质资源为主要原料生产的生物降解材料，是采用淀粉、植物油脂等为主要原料合成的全降解天然高分子材料经特殊处理后，与水溶性高分子材料及少量树脂复合而成，该PBM降解材料为市售商品。
所述填充料为碳酸钙。
所述抗氧剂是抗氧剂1010或抗氧剂168。
一种制备所述的可降解的塑料薄膜的方法，其特征在于：其步骤为：
(1)聚乙烯、聚乳酸、普鲁兰多糖以及抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、填充料在高速混合机中混合25-35分钟，然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒，得到母粒；
(2)步骤⑴得到的母粒与PBM降解材料混合，采用塑料吹膜机挤出吹膜，即得产品。
步骤(1)所述的双螺杆挤出机筒后段温度分四段控制，分别控制在180～200℃，料筒前段温度分四段控制，分别控制在200～230℃，机头温度分两段控制，分别控制在220～240℃。
步骤(2)所述的吹膜机料筒后段温度分四段控制，分别控制在180～200℃，料筒前段温度分四段控制，分别控制在210～230℃，机头温度分两段控制，分别控制在220～240℃，吹胀比为1.5～2.0，螺杆转速20～40r/min，牵引速度10～50m/min。
本发明的优点和有益效果是：
本发明提供的隔氧且可降解塑料薄膜在制备方法上选用目前市场上成熟的改性淀粉可降解塑料母料PBM与Pullulan多糖和薄膜级LDPE共混挤出吹膜，利用LDPE的特点，保证薄膜良好的力学性能；利用PBM和Pullulan的可降解性，实现薄膜材料的环境友好性；利用Pullulan的高隔氧性，提高薄膜材料的隔氧性；利用淀粉与Pullulan作为糖类物质在结构上的相似性，提高塑料薄膜材料整体的相容性；通过控制LDPE/PBM/Pullulan体系的共混配比，可实现对隔氧性和可降解性等的调控。
本发明提供的隔氧且可降解塑料薄膜在富氧及微生物的作用下会自动分解，废弃后的薄膜能被自然界中微生物完全降解消化，最终生成二氧化碳和水，较相同厚度的LDPE薄膜隔氧性能可提高40％。本发明的制备方法工艺简单、生产效率高、工业化实施容易、可用普通塑料吹膜机进行生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步详细的说明，但本发明不限于这些实施例：
实施例1
一种可降解的塑料薄膜，其特征在于：其原料组分及重量份数分别为：
实施例2
实施例3
。

Claims (7)

1.一种可降解的塑料薄膜，其特征在于：其原料组分及重量份数分别为：
。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种可降解的塑料薄膜，其特征在于：所述聚乙烯为低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯按照质量比2:2:1混料。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种可降解的塑料薄膜，其特征在于：所述填充料为碳酸钙。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种可降解的塑料薄膜，其特征在于：所述抗氧剂是抗氧剂1010或抗氧剂168。
5.一种制备所述的可降解的塑料薄膜的方法，其特征在于：其步骤为：
(1)聚乙烯、聚乳酸、普鲁兰多糖以及抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、填充料在高速混合机中混合25-35分钟，然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒，得到母粒；
(2)步骤⑴得到的母粒与PBM降解材料混合，采用塑料吹膜机挤出吹膜，即得产品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种制备所述的可降解的塑料薄膜的方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)所述的双螺杆挤出机筒后段温度分四段控制，分别控制在180～200℃，料筒前段温度分四段控制，分别控制在200～230℃，机头温度分两段控制，分别控制在220～240℃。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种制备所述的可降解的塑料薄膜的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)所述的吹膜机料筒后段温度分四段控制，分别控制在180～200℃，料筒前段温度分四段控制，分别控制在210～230℃，机头温度分两段控制，分别控制在220～240℃，吹胀比为1.5～2.0，螺杆转速20～40r/min，牵引速度10～50m/min。
CN201410781031.5A 2014-12-16 2014-12-16 一种可降解的塑料薄膜 Pending CN104497398A (zh)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105924915A (zh) * 2016-05-31 2016-09-07 盛能海 一种含骨粉、磷酸氢钙的生物可降解塑料母粒
CN106279963A (zh) * 2015-05-15 2017-01-04 中山市振鸿包装科技有限公司 一种生物基薄膜及其生产方法
CN107141579A (zh) * 2017-06-16 2017-09-08 王康宁 一种可降解的pe保鲜膜及生产工艺

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106279963A (zh) * 2015-05-15 2017-01-04 中山市振鸿包装科技有限公司 一种生物基薄膜及其生产方法
CN105924915A (zh) * 2016-05-31 2016-09-07 盛能海 一种含骨粉、磷酸氢钙的生物可降解塑料母粒
CN105924915B (zh) * 2016-05-31 2018-06-26 盛能海 一种含骨粉、磷酸氢钙的生物可降解塑料母粒
CN107141579A (zh) * 2017-06-16 2017-09-08 王康宁 一种可降解的pe保鲜膜及生产工艺

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