CN104448495A - 一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104448495A
CN104448495A CN201410777429.1A CN201410777429A CN104448495A CN 104448495 A CN104448495 A CN 104448495A CN 201410777429 A CN201410777429 A CN 201410777429A CN 104448495 A CN104448495 A CN 104448495A
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郝永强
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Abstract

一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜,其原料组分及重量份数分别为:聚乙烯85份、聚乳酸20-30份、PBM降解材料65-80份、填充料10-15份、普鲁兰多糖5-10份、抗氧剂2-4份、紫外线吸收剂1-1.5份、纳米阻燃复合物25-30份;本发明提供的隔氧且可降解塑料薄膜在制备方法上选用目前市场上成熟的改性淀粉可降解塑料母料PBM与Pullulan多糖和薄膜级LDPE共混挤出吹膜,利用LDPE的特点,保证薄膜良好的力学性能;利用PBM和Pullulan的可降解性,实现薄膜材料的环境友好性;利用Pullulan的高隔氧性,提高薄膜材料的隔氧性;利用淀粉与Pullulan作为糖类物质在结构上的相似性,提高塑料薄膜材料整体的相容性;通过控制LDPE/PBM/Pullulan体系的共混配比,可实现对隔氧性和可降解性等的调控。

Description

一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种塑料薄膜,特别是一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜。
背景技术
众所周知,用塑料薄膜制作的塑料袋轻、薄、不透水、强度较大、成本低,是一种很好的包装材料,塑料袋的使用给人们的生活带来了极大的方便,使塑料袋的用量越来越大,用过后的废弃塑料袋不易回收、不易降解,大量的废弃塑料袋已成为当前污染环境的一个严重的问题。为了减轻塑料薄膜对环境的污染,人们研发出了一些环保型绿色可降解塑料薄膜,这类可降解塑薄膜,其组成成分有薄膜级塑料和可引发塑料产生降解的组分,如淀粉、碳酸钙等,这种可降解塑料薄膜是添加型可降解塑料薄膜,添加型可降解塑料薄膜为改善环境发挥了一定的积极作用。但这种可降解塑料薄膜加工的工艺性能不好、制成的塑料薄膜产品物性和外观较差。
生物降解塑料是治理塑料废弃物对环境污染及缓冲石油资源矛盾的有效途径之一,从食品的包装袋到农用薄膜,再到电子电器产品的外壳,从一次性包装、食用制品到经久耐用产品,生物降解塑料正逐步取代传统塑料材料,市场前景十分广阔。据报道,目前全球研发的生物降解塑料品种已有几十种,
另外,这种可降解塑料薄膜的降解需要一定的固定条件,而塑料薄膜废弃后的环境,要么是被搞在封闭的垃圾处理系统中,要么就是暴露在条件不固定的自然环境中,很难保征这种塑料薄膜降解所需要的固定条件,这些降解塑料在大多数情况下,无论是在垃圾处理系统中还是在自然环境因为受条件限制而不能很好地降解。已有技术中,没有能在废弃后的环境中,保证降解的可降解塑料薄膜。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述不足,提出一种在废弃后的环境中,保证降解的可降解环保绿色塑料袋制品。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜,其原料组分及重量份数分别为:
所述的纳米阻燃复合剂的制备方法为:
(1)将硅羟基磷灰石、红磷、凹凸棒、水滑石、蒙脱土、钛白粉、方解石、高岭土按照25-35:15-20:10-15:10-15:8-10:8-10:7-8:5-7的质量份数配比混合,加入到200份二甲亚砜(DMSO)和50份甲醇的混合溶液中,于65℃搅拌60小时,过滤,并用60℃温度的热乙醇洗3次除去过量的二甲亚砜(DMSO),放入真空干燥箱,在60℃温度干燥24小时,研磨过筛,得一次改性阻燃复合物;
(2)将1份一次改性阻燃复合物、10份醋酸钾和25份蒸馏水混合,于温度50℃搅拌10小时以上,于温度30℃,先在超声电功率350W条件下分散2.5小时,然后再在超声电功率250W条件下分散3小时。过滤,并用蒸馏水洗3次,80℃真空干燥24小时,研磨过筛,得二次改性阻燃复合物;
(3)将上述1份二次改性阻燃复合物在600W功率超声波分散40min,用恒温加热装置加热到90℃,并用机械搅拌器搅拌(1200r/min)60分钟;得纳米阻燃复合物;
所述聚乙烯为低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯按照质量比2:2:1混料。
PBM降解材料是利用农业生物质资源为主要原料生产的生物降解材料,是采用淀粉、植物油脂等为主要原料合成的全降解天然高分子材料经特殊处理后,与水溶性高分子材料及少量树脂复合而成,该PBM降解材料为市售商品。
所述填充料为碳酸钙。
所述抗氧剂是抗氧剂1010或抗氧剂168。
一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜的制备方法,其步骤为:
(1)聚乙烯、聚乳酸、普鲁兰多糖以及抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、填充料、纳米阻燃复合物在高速混合机中混合25-35分钟,然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,得到母粒;
(2)步骤⑴得到的母粒与PBM降解材料混合,采用塑料吹膜机挤出吹膜,即得产品。
步骤(1)所述的双螺杆挤出机筒后段温度分四段控制,分别控制在180~200℃,料筒前段温度分四段控制,分别控制在200~230℃,机头温度分两段控制,分别控制在220~240℃。
步骤(2)所述的吹膜机料筒后段温度分四段控制,分别控制在180~200℃,料筒前段温度分四段控制,分别控制在210~230℃,机头温度分两段控制,分别控制在220~240℃,吹胀比为1.5~2.0,螺杆转速20~40r/min,牵引速度10~50m/min。
本发明的优点和有益效果是:
本发明提供的隔氧且可降解塑料薄膜在制备方法上选用目前市场上成熟的改性淀粉可降解塑料母料PBM与Pullulan多糖和薄膜级LDPE共混挤出吹膜,利用LDPE的特点,保证薄膜良好的力学性能;利用PBM和Pullulan的可降解性,实现薄膜材料的环境友好性;利用Pullulan的高隔氧性,提高薄膜材料的隔氧性;利用淀粉与Pullulan作为糖类物质在结构上的相似性,提高塑料薄膜材料整体的相容性;通过控制LDPE/PBM/Pullulan体系的共混配比,可实现对隔氧性和可降解性等的调控。
本发明提供的隔氧且可降解塑料薄膜在富氧及微生物的作用下会自动分解,废弃后的薄膜能被自然界中微生物完全降解消化,最终生成二氧化碳和水,较相同厚度的LDPE薄膜隔氧性能可提高40%。本发明的制备方法工艺简单、生产效率高、工业化实施容易、可用普通塑料吹膜机进行生产。本发明制备的阻燃剂不含卤素、有机物,无毒环保,应用前景广阔;本发明进行二次改性,这样的好处是:增加反应活性点,提高改性效果;改性的同时又能蒸除体系中的水分,干燥与改性同时进行,提高了工作效率;纳米级硅羟基磷灰石、凹凸棒、蒙脱土、高岭土等自身微孔中存在大量的物理和化学吸附水,在高温下产生水蒸汽,阻断氧 气,吸收热量,达到多重阻燃的功效;强大吸附性能可以有效改善几种阻燃剂的协同作用,阻止被阻燃物质温度升高,提高了阻燃效率;硅羟基磷灰石、凹凸棒、蒙脱土、高岭土等资源丰富,大大降低了阻燃剂的工业成本,也为凹凸棒土的开发应用提供了一条新途径;本发明采用溶液法超声波分散及机械高速搅拌器搅拌,使得阻燃剂各自组分在溶液中达到了纳米级分散,有效避免了对复合材料的自然氧化,从而使复合材料具有更好的力学性能。复合材料的氧指数为41抗拉强度为5MPa,断裂伸长率为120%,降解周期为120天。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步详细的说明,但本发明不限于这些实施例:
实施例1
一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜,其特征在于:其原料组分及重量份数分别为:
实施例2
一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜,其特征在于:其原料组分及重量份数分别为:
实施例3
一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜,其特征在于:其原料组分及重量份数分别为:

Claims (8)

1.一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜,其特征在于:其原料组分及重量份数分别为:
所述的纳米阻燃复合剂的制备方法为:
(1)将硅羟基磷灰石、红磷、凹凸棒、水滑石、蒙脱土、钛白粉、方解石、高岭土按照25-35:15-20:10-15:10-15:8-10:8-10:7-8:5-7的质量份数配比混合,加入到200份二甲亚砜(DMSO)和50份甲醇的混合溶液中,于65℃搅拌60小时,过滤,并用60℃温度的热乙醇洗3次除去过量的二甲亚砜(DMSO),放入真空干燥箱,在60℃温度干燥24小时,研磨过筛,得一次改性阻燃复合物;
(2)将1份一次改性阻燃复合物、10份醋酸钾和25份蒸馏水混合,于温度50℃搅拌10小时以上,于温度30℃,先在超声电功率350W条件下分散2.5小时,然后再在超声电功率250W条件下分散3小时。过滤,并用蒸馏水洗3次,80℃真空干燥24小时,研磨过筛,得二次改性阻燃复合物;
(3)将上述1份二次改性阻燃复合物在600W功率超声波分散40min,用恒温加热装置加热到90℃,并用机械搅拌器搅拌(1200r/min)60分钟;得纳米阻燃复合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜,其特征在于:所述聚乙烯为低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯按照质量比2:2:1混料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜,其特征在于:PBM降解材料是利用农业生物质资源为主要原料生产的生物降解材料,是采用淀粉、植物油脂等为主要原料合成的全降解天然高分子材料经特殊处理后,与水溶性高分子材料及少量树脂复合而成,该PBM降解材料为市售商品。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜,其特征在于:所述填充料为碳酸钙。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜,其特征在于:所述抗氧剂是抗氧剂1010或抗氧剂168。
6.一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:其步骤为:
(1)聚乙烯、聚乳酸、普鲁兰多糖以及抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂、填充料、纳米阻燃复合物在高速混合机中混合25-35分钟,然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,得到母粒;
(2)步骤⑴得到的母粒与PBM降解材料混合,采用塑料吹膜机挤出吹膜,即得产品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述的双螺杆挤出机筒后段温度分四段控制,分别控制在180~200℃,料筒前段温度分四段控制,分别控制在200~230℃,机头温度分两段控制,分别控制在220~240℃。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种可降解阻燃的塑料薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的吹膜机料筒后段温度分四段控制,分别控制在180~200℃,料筒前段温度分四段控制,分别控制在210~230℃,机头温度分两段控制,分别控制在220~240℃,吹胀比为1.5~2.0,螺杆转速20~40r/min,牵引速度10~50m/min。
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CN105218917A (zh) * 2015-09-21 2016-01-06 苏州新区佳合塑胶有限公司 一种具有较高阻燃性的食品保鲜膜及其制备工艺
CN107337832A (zh) * 2017-06-26 2017-11-10 台山长江塑料制品有限公司 一种可降解塑料及其制备方法
CN107892810A (zh) * 2017-11-23 2018-04-10 广东奇德新材料股份有限公司 一种低挥发阻燃的聚酰胺复合材料及其制备方法
CN109577100A (zh) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-05 广州泽田餐饮用品实业有限公司 一种可光氧降解的聚乙烯淋膜纸及其制备方法与应用
CN113861463A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-31 云南鲜畅塑料科技有限公司 一种可降解质轻不助燃的塑料袋制作工艺

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CN105218917A (zh) * 2015-09-21 2016-01-06 苏州新区佳合塑胶有限公司 一种具有较高阻燃性的食品保鲜膜及其制备工艺
CN107337832A (zh) * 2017-06-26 2017-11-10 台山长江塑料制品有限公司 一种可降解塑料及其制备方法
CN107892810A (zh) * 2017-11-23 2018-04-10 广东奇德新材料股份有限公司 一种低挥发阻燃的聚酰胺复合材料及其制备方法
CN109577100A (zh) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-05 广州泽田餐饮用品实业有限公司 一种可光氧降解的聚乙烯淋膜纸及其制备方法与应用
CN109577100B (zh) * 2018-12-18 2021-08-24 广州泽田餐饮用品实业有限公司 一种可光氧降解的聚乙烯淋膜纸及其制备方法与应用
CN113861463A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2021-12-31 云南鲜畅塑料科技有限公司 一种可降解质轻不助燃的塑料袋制作工艺

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