CN104497263A - 一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法涉及的是一种复合材料、一种结构材料及其制备方法。它由改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)、辛酸亚锡制备成白料组合料,再和多异氰酸酯混合、加热发泡而成。具有生产制造及运输方便、生产成本低、缓冲抗冲击性能好、支撑强度高、质感佳、重量轻、防水性能好、不虫蛀、不易变形、不会释放有毒气体苯乙烯、环境友好、防静电、抗电磁波、射频等干扰等特点,适用于制作仪器、设备、电子产品、电动工具等的包装材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法涉及的是一种复合材料、一种结构材料及其制备方法,适用于制作仪器、设备、电子产品、电动工具等的包装材料。
背景技术
仪器、设备、电子产品、电动工具等在运输过程中,为防止其发生损坏,往往需要使用既具有足够高的强度和刚性,同时还具有缓冲作用的包装材料。较常用的包装材料有金属、纸张、发泡聚苯乙烯塑料、聚氨酯塑料等,但这些传统的包装材料存在着或这或那的缺点,比如,金属包装材料虽然具有高强度,能保护仪器设备免受外力的破坏,但如果仪器、设备自身和其相撞,由于其缺乏缓冲韧性,同样会对仪器、设备造成破坏;纸质包装、发泡聚苯乙烯塑料包装及传统聚氨酯塑料包装虽然具有一定的缓冲韧性,但强度较低,刚性欠佳,换句话说,这些包装防撞效果较好,但防挤压效果欠佳,另外,纸质包装将浪费大量的纸张,而纸张的制作原料主要是木材,所以,过多使用纸质包装自然导致大量木材被砍伐,不利于环境保护和水土保持;而发泡聚苯乙烯塑料中使用的聚苯乙烯在使用过程中往往会有单体苯乙烯析出,对人体健康不利,抛弃后易产生白色污染。
近年来,尺寸处于纳米级的石墨烯受到了人们的高度重视,石墨烯是一种由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料,是一种由碳原子以sp2杂化轨道组成六角型呈蜂巢晶格的平面薄膜,只有一个碳原子厚度的二维材料,是已知的世上最薄、最坚硬的纳米材料,它导热系数高达5300W/m·K,而电阻率只约10-8Ω·m,比铜或银更低,为世上电阻率最小的材料,在其它材料中使用,能起到防静电、抗电磁波及射频干扰的作用。使用纳米尺寸的石墨烯改性聚氨酯包装材料不仅可提高包装材料的力学性能,且能防静电、抗电磁波及射频干扰,从而可确保一些贵重或特殊仪器的包装、运输的安全。
所以,发明一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法十分必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是发明一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法,该纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料除具有一般纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料的缓冲韧性特点外,更具有较高的强度及刚性,良好的防静电、抗电磁波及射频干扰的能力,可更好地满足仪器、设备、电子产品、电动工具等的包装需要,同时,可以多次使用。
一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,由包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
本发明一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,其中所述的改性石墨烯是指采用亚硫酰氯改性,再通过与乙二醇反应得到的功能化的的石墨烯,长度100-300nm。
本发明一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,其中所述的多异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯或多亚甲基多苯基二异氰酸酯中的一种。
本发明一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,其中所述的聚醚多元醇羟值为380-420mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇。
本发明一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,其中所述的聚酯多元醇为羟值为360-400mgKOH/g的芳香族聚酯多元醇,由苯酐与二元醇聚合得到。
本发明一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,其中所述的泡孔稳定剂为非水解性的聚硅烷-聚氧烷共聚物高活性泡沫稳定剂。
本发明的一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为2-6∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应20-40h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入15-25重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应48-72h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌10-20min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在55-65℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
本发明一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,生产制造方便,传统的聚氨酯发泡生产工艺无需改进即可用于其生产及加工,生产过程中机械化程度较高,所需劳动力较少,生产成本低。一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料和金属包装材料相比,缓冲抗冲击性能好,质感佳,重量轻,运输方便,成本低;一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料和纸质包装材料相比,防水性能好,不虫蛀,支撑强度高,无需砍伐大量的树木,有利于水土保持和环境保护;一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料和发泡聚苯乙烯塑料相比,强度更高,不易变形,不会释放有毒气体苯乙烯,更加环境友好;一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料和其他聚氨酯包装材料相比,缓冲抗冲击性能更好,刚性大,防静电,抗电磁波、射频等干扰,应用面更广。
具体实施方式
以下采用实施例具体说明本发明的一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法。
实施例1:一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法,其制备过程为:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为4∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应30h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入20重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应60h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌15min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在60℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
实施例2:一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法,其制备过程为:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为2∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应20h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入15重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应48h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌10min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在55℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
实施例3:一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法,其制备过程为:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为6∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应40h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入25重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应72h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌20min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在65℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
实施例4:一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法,其制备过程为:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为4∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应40h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入15重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应60h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌20min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在55℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
实施例5:一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法,其制备过程为:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为6∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应20h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入20重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应72h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌10min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在60℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
实施例6:一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法,其制备过程为:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为2∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应30h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入25重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应48h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌15min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在65℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
实施例7:一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法,其制备过程为:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为2∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应30h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入15重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应72h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌10min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在60℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
实施例8:一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法,其制备过程为:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为4∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应40h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入20重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应48h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌15min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在65℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
实施例9:一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法,其制备过程为:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为3∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应25h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入22重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应50h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌18min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在65℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
实施例10:一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料及其制备方法,其制备过程为:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为3∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应36h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入18重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应52h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌16min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在62℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
以下通过检测证明本发明实施例1的复合改性塑木复合材料板材的效果,其检测结果如下:
乳白时间:2.8s,发泡时间:19s,,膨胀率:85压缩强度:2.46MPa,电阻率3.2×10-7Ω·m。
Claims (7)
1.一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,其特征在于由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,其特征在于所述的改性石墨烯是指采用亚硫酰氯改性,再通过与乙二醇反应得到的功能化的的石墨烯,长度100-300nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,其特征在于所述的多异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯或多亚甲基多苯基二异氰酸酯中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,其特征在于所述的聚醚多元醇羟值为380-420mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,其特征在于所述的聚酯多元醇为羟值为360-400mgKOH/g的芳香族聚酯多元醇,由苯酐与二元醇聚合得到。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料,其特征在于所述的泡孔稳定剂为非水解性的聚硅烷-聚氧烷共聚物高活性泡沫稳定剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料的制备方法,其特征在于其制备过程包括以下步骤:
(1)、按石墨烯与亚硫酰氯重量比为2-6∶100,称取石墨烯和亚硫酰氯,加入反应容器中混合后,70℃下搅拌反应20-40h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去过量的亚硫酰氯,得到酰氯化的石墨烯,再加入15-25重量份的乙二醇,在100℃下反应48-72h,离心分离,并依次用四氢呋喃和二氯甲烷洗涤两次,真空干燥,得到改性石墨烯
(2)、按配方量称取各原料;
(3)、将改性石墨烯、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、泡孔稳定剂、甘油、水、环戊烷、三乙烯二胺(33%水溶液)及辛酸亚锡置于机械搅拌釜内搅拌10-20min,制备成白料组合料;
(4)、利用发泡机器抽取白料组合料和多异氰酸酯,在55-65℃下将两者混合自由发泡,制成一种纳米改性聚氨酯包装材料。
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