CN104494103B - 一种三螺杆挤出机 - Google Patents

一种三螺杆挤出机 Download PDF

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CN104494103B
CN104494103B CN201410838231.XA CN201410838231A CN104494103B CN 104494103 B CN104494103 B CN 104494103B CN 201410838231 A CN201410838231 A CN 201410838231A CN 104494103 B CN104494103 B CN 104494103B
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张平亮
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Wuxi Professional College of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/485—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with three or more shafts provided with screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B29B7/483—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs the other mixing parts being discs perpendicular to the screw axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B29B7/489—Screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/425—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders using three or more screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/57—Screws provided with kneading disc-like elements, e.g. with oval-shaped elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/67—Screws having incorporated mixing devices not provided for in groups B29C48/52 - B29C48/66

Abstract

本发明提供一种三螺杆挤出机，其结构简单，比单、双螺杆挤出机具有更多的剪切区被剪切、混合、混炼、排气、反应和自洁，特别是适用于高敏感、高粘度材料、含水分、挥发性成分且需脱气的材料的均一分散混炼，包括外筒，其特征在于：所述外筒呈半椭圆型，所述外筒前侧的上端设有进料口，所述外筒后侧的下端设有出料口，所述外筒的设置进料口的一端连接驱动端，所述外筒的设置出料口的一端连接输出端，所述外筒内设有呈等边三角形设置三个同向旋转的螺杆，所述螺杆上沿所述螺杆的轴向分别顺序设置有第一混合区、第二混合区、第三混合区。

Description

一种三螺杆挤出机
技术领域
本发明涉及挤出机设备技术领域，具体为一种三螺杆挤出机。
背景技术
近年来，随着工程塑料向高品质化、高性能化、低成本化方向发展，在世界范围内出现了塑料制品的多样化、复合化。与之相对应的是需要开发具有适宜的停留时间和高剪切力的高性能螺杆挤出机。一般材料的挤出加工以单螺杆挤出机应用最为广泛，但由于单螺杆挤出机进行玻纤增强、阻燃料造粒、热固性塑料混炼挤出等粉料加工，受到物料前移的动力作用，物料将抱住螺杆一起转动，使螺纹不能发挥其推进的作用，混炼效果不好，原有单螺杆挤出机摩擦产生的热量较多、物料所受到的剪切不均匀、螺杆的输送能力一般、挤出量不稳定、物料在外筒内停留短等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的问题，提供一种三螺杆挤出机，其结构简单，比单、双螺杆挤出机具有更多的剪切区被剪切、混合、混炼、排气、反应和自洁，特别是适用于高敏感、高粘度材料、含水分、挥发性成分且需脱气的材料的均一分散混炼。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现：一种三螺杆挤出机，包括外筒，其特征在于：所述外筒呈半椭圆型，所述外筒前侧的上端设有进料口，所述外筒后侧的下端设有出料口，所述外筒的设置进料口的一端连接驱动端，所述外筒的设置出料口的一端连接输出端，所述外筒内设有呈等边三角形设置三个同向旋转的螺杆，所述螺杆上沿所述螺杆的轴向分别顺序设置有第一混合区、第二混合区、第三混合区。
进一步的，所述第一混合区内的螺杆上套装有螺旋啮合盘，所述螺旋啮合盘包括套装在所述螺杆上的圆盘部和均布在圆盘部外周的螺旋齿。
进一步的，所述第二混合区内的螺杆上套装有椭圆捏合盘，所述椭圆捏合盘包括套装在所述螺杆上的椭圆部和均布在椭圆部外周的啮合齿。
进一步的，所述第三混合区内的螺杆上套装有浆叶式捏合盘，所述浆叶式捏合盘包括套装在所述螺杆上的圆盘部和均布在圆盘部外周的桨叶。
进一步的，三个所述螺杆至少具有一个螺纹啮合段。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供了三螺杆挤出机是一种同向三螺杆挤出机，是在同向双螺杆挤出机基础上扩大而成等边三角型，产生比同向双螺杆挤出机更多的剪切区，物料通过同向旋转三螺杆在啮合处，螺杆的螺棱和螺槽的速度方向相反，相对速度比反向旋转的大，对啮合区物料的剪切力也大，混炼效果比反向旋转双螺杆的好。同时物料先后进入螺旋捏合盘、椭圆捏合盘、浆叶式捏合盘和外筒内壁之间的空腔，使物料在有大小变化的空腔中受到反复地挤压、剪切和膨胀。由于全部啮合螺杆的总啮合次数非常高，增加了物料挤压、挤压和混合的搅拌次数，产生了极大扭矩，实现了最大限度溶解及产品均质化，比单、双螺杆挤出机具有更多的剪切区被剪切、混合、混炼、排气、反应和自洁，特别是适用于高敏感、高粘度材料、含水分、挥发性成分且需脱气的材料的均一分散混炼。
附图说明
图1是本发明的三螺杆挤出机的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的三螺杆挤出机的第一混合区的截面的结构示意图；
图3是本发明的三螺杆挤出机的第二混合区的截面的结构示意图；
图4是本发明的三螺杆挤出机的第三混合区的截面的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面根据附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图1、图2、图3、图4所示，本发明的一种三螺杆挤出机，包括外筒1，外筒1呈半椭圆型，外筒1前侧的上端设有进料口2，外筒1后侧的下端设有出料口3，外筒1的设置进料口2的一端连接驱动端4，外筒1的设置出料口3的一端连接输出端5，外筒1内设有呈等边三角形设置三个同向旋转的螺杆6，螺杆6上沿螺杆6的轴向分别顺序设置有第一混合区7、第二混合区8、第三混合区9，第一混合区7内的螺杆上套装有螺旋啮合盘10，螺旋啮合盘10包括套装在螺杆1上的圆盘部11a和均布在圆盘部11a外周的螺旋齿12，第二混合区9内的螺杆6上套装有椭圆捏合盘13，椭圆捏合盘13包括套装在螺杆上的椭圆部14和均布在椭圆部14外周的啮合齿15，第三混合区9内的螺杆6上套装有浆叶式捏合盘16，浆叶式捏合盘16包括套装在螺杆上的圆盘部11b和均布在圆盘部11b外周的桨叶17，三个螺杆6至少具有一个螺纹啮合段。
本发明提供了三螺杆挤出机是一种同向三螺杆挤出机，是在同向双螺杆挤出机基础上扩大而成等边三角型，产生比同向双螺杆挤出机更多的剪切区，物料通过同向旋转三螺杆6在啮合处，螺杆的螺棱和螺槽的速度方向相反，相对速度比反向旋转的大，对啮合区物料的剪切力也大，混炼效果比反向旋转双螺杆的好。同时物料先后进入螺旋捏合盘8、椭圆捏合盘13、浆叶式捏合盘16和外筒1内壁之间的空腔，使物料在有大小变化的空腔中受到反复地挤压、剪切和膨胀。由于全部啮合螺杆的总啮合次数非常高，增加了物料挤压、挤压和混合的搅拌次数，产生了极大扭矩，实现了最大限度溶解及产品均质化，比单、双螺杆挤出机具有更多的剪切区被剪切、混合、混炼、排气、反应和自洁，特别是适用于高敏感、高粘度材料、含水分、挥发性成分且需脱气的材料的均一分散混炼。
物料先通过螺旋捏合盘8，经螺旋捏合盘8既使物料得到一定的推力作用并在流道中形成高压而向前运动，又以活塞式方式达到外筒1内完全混合；同时被拉挤入椭圆捏合盘13，此盘容易达到尖端间隙广大效果，且物料在外筒1内壁之间同时受到带有数齿与齿槽产生来回不同的强弱剪切作用，使物料均化分散；而后物料进入浆叶式捏合盘16和外筒1内壁之间的空腔，由于空腔大小的变化，使空腔中的物料受到浆叶相互强烈而反复的研磨，使物料沿轴向保持最大的侧向活塞流，混炼时物料流动性很好；同时同向轴浆叶与浆叶间对物料处理时剪切力大，得到充分混合，能处理高粘度的物料，粘污少，并可获得与三台挤出机相同的脱气性能。这种机型由于三轴以等速同向回转，混合物料的外筒面可以得到完全清洗，具有完全自洗净性。
以上所述仅为说明本发明的实施方式，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种三螺杆挤出机，包括外筒，其特征在于：所述外筒呈半椭圆型，所述外筒前侧的上端设有进料口，所述外筒后侧的下端设有出料口，所述外筒的设置进料口的一端连接驱动端，所述外筒的设置出料口的一端连接输出端，所述外筒内设有呈等边三角形设置三个同向旋转的螺杆，所述螺杆上沿所述螺杆的轴向从进料口至出料口分别顺序设置有第一混合区、第二混合区、第三混合区；
所述第一混合区内的螺杆上套装有螺旋啮合盘，所述螺旋啮合盘包括套装在所述螺杆上的圆盘部和均布在圆盘部外周的螺旋齿；
所述第二混合区内的螺杆上套装有椭圆捏合盘，所述椭圆捏合盘包括套装在所述螺杆上的椭圆部和均布在椭圆部外周的啮合齿；
所述第三混合区内的螺杆上套装有浆叶式捏合盘，所述浆叶式捏合盘包括套装在所述螺杆上的圆盘部和均布在圆盘部外周的桨叶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种三螺杆挤出机，其特征在于：三个所述螺杆至少具有一个螺纹啮合段。
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