CN104468082B - The construction method of the Lorenz type hyperchaotic system containing y side based on memristor - Google Patents
The construction method of the Lorenz type hyperchaotic system containing y side based on memristor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于忆阻器的含y方的Lorenz型超混沌系统的构建方法及电路,利用运算放大器U1、运算放大器U2、运算放大器U3和电阻、电容实现加法、反相和积分运算,利用乘法器U4、和乘法器U5实现系统中的乘法运算,利用运算放大器U6和乘法器U7及乘法器U8实现本发明中的忆阻器模型,运算放大器U1连接运算放大器U2、运算放大器U6和乘法器U4、乘法器U5、乘法器U8,运算放大器U2连接运算放大器U3和乘法器U4,运算放大器U3连接乘法器U5,运算放大器U6连接乘法器U7和乘法器U8,乘法器U7连接乘法器U8,本发明在含y方的Lorenz型混沌系统的基础上,利用一个忆阻元件增加一维构成四维超混沌系统,提出了忆阻器应用于超混沌系统的新方法。
The invention relates to a construction method and circuit of a Lorenz-type hyperchaotic system containing y-square based on a memristor, using operational amplifiers U1, operational amplifiers U2, operational amplifiers U3 and resistors and capacitors to realize addition, phase inversion and integral operations, Utilize multiplier U4 and multiplier U5 to realize the multiplication operation in the system, utilize operational amplifier U6 and multiplier U7 and multiplier U8 to realize the memristor model among the present invention, operational amplifier U1 connects operational amplifier U2, operational amplifier U6 and Multiplier U4, multiplier U5, multiplier U8, operational amplifier U2 is connected to operational amplifier U3 and multiplier U4, operational amplifier U3 is connected to multiplier U5, operational amplifier U6 is connected to multiplier U7 and multiplier U8, multiplier U7 is connected to multiplier U8, on the basis of the Lorenz type chaotic system containing y square, the present invention uses a memristor element to add one dimension to form a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system, and proposes a new method for memristors to be applied to hyperchaotic systems.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种混沌系统及电路实现,特别涉及一种基于忆阻器的含y方的Lorenz型超混沌系统的构建方法。The invention relates to a chaotic system and circuit realization, in particular to a construction method of a Lorenz-type hyperchaotic system containing y-square based on a memristor.
背景技术Background technique
当前,构造四维超混沌的方法主要是在三维混沌系统的基础上,增加一维构成四维超混沌系统,忆阻器作为2008年惠普实验室新发现的物理元件,可以代替蔡氏电路中的蔡氏二极管构成四维混沌系统,在蔡氏电路中要构成超混沌则需要2个忆阻元件,因此需要五维或五维以上的系统,在具有忆阻元件的四维系统中实现超混沌的系统电路还比较少,忆阻器应用于四维超混沌系统的方法还没有被提出,这是现有技术的不足之处。At present, the method of constructing four-dimensional hyperchaotic is mainly based on the three-dimensional chaotic system, adding one dimension to form a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system. Memristor, as a new physical component discovered by Hewlett-Packard Laboratory in 2008, can replace Chua's diode in Chua's circuit To form a four-dimensional chaotic system, two memristive elements are needed to form hyperchaos in Chua's circuit, so a five-dimensional or more system is required, and there are relatively few system circuits that realize hyperchaos in a four-dimensional system with memristive elements , the method of memristor applied to the four-dimensional hyperchaotic system has not been proposed, which is the deficiency of the existing technology.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于忆阻器的含y方的Lorenz型超混沌系统的构建方法:The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a Lorenz-type hyperchaotic system based on memristors containing y-square:
基于忆阻器的含y方的Lorenz型超混沌系统的构建方法,包括以下步骤:The construction method of the Lorenz type hyperchaotic system containing y square based on the memristor comprises the following steps:
(1)含y方的Lorenz型混沌系统i为:(1) The Lorenz type chaotic system i with y square is:
式中x,y,z为状态变量;where x, y, z are state variables;
(2)本发明采用的忆阻器为磁控忆阻器模型ii为:(2) The memristor used in the present invention is a magnetron memristor model ii is:
其中表示磁控忆阻,表示磁通量,m,n是大于零的参数;in Denotes the magnetron memristor, Indicates the magnetic flux, m, n are parameters greater than zero;
(3)对ii的磁控忆阻器模型求导得忆导器模型iii为:(3) Deriving the magnetron memristor model ii of ii, the memristor model iii is:
表示磁控忆导,m,n是大于零的参数; Represents magnetron memristor, m, n are parameters greater than zero;
(4)把磁控忆导器模型iii作为一维系统变量,加在含y方的Lorenz型混沌系统的第二方程上,获得一种基于忆阻器的含y方的Lorenz型超混沌系统iv:(4) Using the magnetron memristor model iii as a one-dimensional system variable, add it to the second equation of the Lorenz type chaotic system containing the y square, and obtain a Lorenz type hyperchaotic system containing the y square based on the memristor iv:
式中x,y,z,u为状态变量,参数值a=10,b=30,c=8/3,,m=8,n=0.004,k=3;In the formula, x, y, z, u are state variables, parameter values a=10, b=30, c=8/3, m=8, n=0.004, k=3;
(5)基于系统iv构造的电路,利用运算放大器U1、运算放大器U2、运算放大器U3和电阻、电容实现加法、反相和积分运算,利用乘法器U4和乘法器U5实现系统中的乘法运算,利用运算放大器U6和乘法器U7、乘法器U8及电容实现本发明中的忆阻器模型,所述运算放大器U1、U2和U3采用LF347BN,所述乘法器U4、U5、U7和U8采用AD633JN,所述运算放大器U6采用LF353N;(5) Based on the circuit constructed by system iv, operational amplifier U1, operational amplifier U2, operational amplifier U3 and resistors and capacitors are used to realize addition, phase inversion and integral operations, and multiplier U4 and multiplier U5 are used to realize multiplication in the system, Utilize operational amplifier U6 and multiplier U7, multiplier U8 and capacitance to realize memristor model in the present invention, described operational amplifier U1, U2 and U3 adopt LF347BN, described multiplier U4, U5, U7 and U8 adopt AD633JN, The operational amplifier U6 adopts LF353N;
所述运算放大器U1的第1引脚通过电阻Cx连接第2引脚,通过电阻R2连接第6引脚,通过电阻Ry1接运算放大器U2的第13引脚,第3引脚、第5引脚、第10引脚、第12引脚接地,第4引脚接VCC,第11引脚接VEE,第8引脚、第9引脚悬空,第6引脚通过电阻R3连接第7引脚,第7引脚通过电阻Rx1连接第13引脚,通过忆阻器Ry4接运算放大器U2的第13引脚,第7引脚直接连接乘法器U4的第1引脚,第13引脚通过电阻Rx连接第14引脚,第14引脚通过电阻R1连接第2引脚;The first pin of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the second pin through the resistor Cx, connected to the sixth pin through the resistor R2, connected to the thirteenth pin, the third pin, and the fifth pin of the operational amplifier U2 through the resistor Ry1 , the 10th and 12th pins are grounded, the 4th pin is connected to VCC, the 11th pin is connected to VEE, the 8th and 9th pins are suspended, and the 6th pin is connected to the 7th pin through the resistor R3. The 7th pin is connected to the 13th pin through the resistor Rx1, the 13th pin of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the memristor Ry4, the 7th pin is directly connected to the 1st pin of the multiplier U4, and the 13th pin is connected to the resistor Rx Connect to the 14th pin, and the 14th pin is connected to the 2nd pin through the resistor R1;
所述运算放大器U2的第1引脚、第2引脚、第6引脚、第7引脚悬空,第3引脚、第5引脚、第10引脚、第12引脚接地,第4引脚接VCC,第11引脚接VEE,第8引脚通过电阻Ry2接第13引脚,通过电阻Rx2接运算放大器U1的第13引脚,通过电容Cy接第9引脚,第8引脚直接连接乘法器U5的第1引脚和第3引脚,第13引脚通过电阻Ry接第14引脚,第14引脚通过电阻R4接第9引脚;The 1st pin, the 2nd pin, the 6th pin, and the 7th pin of the operational amplifier U2 are suspended, the 3rd pin, the 5th pin, the 10th pin, and the 12th pin are grounded, and the 4th pin is grounded. The pin is connected to VCC, the 11th pin is connected to VEE, the 8th pin is connected to the 13th pin through the resistor Ry2, the 13th pin of the operational amplifier U1 is connected through the resistor Rx2, the 9th pin is connected to the capacitor Cy, and the 8th pin is The pin is directly connected to the first pin and the third pin of the multiplier U5, the 13th pin is connected to the 14th pin through the resistor Ry, and the 14th pin is connected to the 9th pin through the resistor R4;
所述运算放大器U3的第1引脚通过电容Cz接第2引脚,通过电阻R6接第6引脚,第1引脚直接连接乘法器U4的第3引脚,第3引脚、第5引脚、第10引脚、第12引脚接地,第4引脚接VCC,第11引脚接VEE,第8引脚、第9引脚悬空,第6引脚通过电阻R7接第7引脚,第7引脚通过电阻Rz2接第13引脚,第13引脚通过电阻Rz接第14引脚,第14引脚通过电阻R5接第2引脚;The first pin of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the second pin through the capacitor Cz, connected to the sixth pin through the resistor R6, and the first pin is directly connected to the third pin of the multiplier U4, the third pin, the fifth pin Pin, pin 10, pin 12 are grounded, pin 4 is connected to VCC, pin 11 is connected to VEE, pin 8 and pin 9 are suspended, pin 6 is connected to pin 7 through resistor R7 The 7th pin is connected to the 13th pin through the resistor Rz2, the 13th pin is connected to the 14th pin through the resistor Rz, and the 14th pin is connected to the 2nd pin through the resistor R5;
所述乘法器U4的第1引脚连接运算放大器U1的第7引脚,第2引脚、第4引脚、第6引脚接地,第3引脚连接运算放大器U3的第1引脚,第5引脚接VEE,第8引脚接VCC,第7引脚通过电阻Ry3接运算放大器U2的第13引脚;The first pin of the multiplier U4 is connected to the seventh pin of the operational amplifier U1, the second pin, the fourth pin, and the sixth pin are grounded, and the third pin is connected to the first pin of the operational amplifier U3, The 5th pin is connected to VEE, the 8th pin is connected to VCC, and the 7th pin is connected to the 13th pin of the operational amplifier U2 through the resistor Ry3;
所述乘法器U5的第1引脚和第3引脚连接运算放大器U2的第8引脚,第2引脚、第4引脚、第6引脚接地,第5引脚接VEE,第8引脚接VCC,第7引脚通过电阻Rz1接运算放大器U3的第13引脚。The first pin and the third pin of the multiplier U5 are connected to the eighth pin of the operational amplifier U2, the second pin, the fourth pin, and the sixth pin are grounded, the fifth pin is connected to VEE, and the eighth pin is connected to VEE. The pin is connected to VCC, and the 7th pin is connected to the 13th pin of the operational amplifier U3 through the resistor Rz1.
所述磁控忆导器由运算放大器U6和乘法器U7及乘法器U8实现,所述运算放大器U6连接运算放大器U1和乘法器U7及乘法器U8,乘法器U7连接乘法器U8,乘法器U8连接运算放大器U2;Described magnetron memristor is realized by operational amplifier U6 and multiplier U7 and multiplier U8, and described operational amplifier U6 connects operational amplifier U1 and multiplier U7 and multiplier U8, and multiplier U7 connects multiplier U8, and multiplier U8 Connect the operational amplifier U2;
所述运算放大器U6的第1引脚、第2引脚、第3引脚悬空,第4引脚接VEE,第5引脚接地,第6引脚通过电容C4接第7引脚,通过电阻R8连接运算放大器U1的第7引脚,第7引脚直接连接乘法器U7的第1引脚和第3引脚,第8引脚接VCC;The first pin, the second pin, and the third pin of the operational amplifier U6 are suspended, the fourth pin is connected to VEE, the fifth pin is grounded, the sixth pin is connected to the seventh pin through the capacitor C4, and the resistor R8 is connected to the 7th pin of the operational amplifier U1, the 7th pin is directly connected to the 1st and 3rd pins of the multiplier U7, and the 8th pin is connected to VCC;
所述乘法器U7的第1引脚和第3引脚连接运算放大器U6的第7引脚,第2引脚、第4引脚、第6引脚接地,第5引脚接VEE,第7引脚接乘法器U8的第3引脚,第8引脚接VCC;The first pin and the third pin of the multiplier U7 are connected to the seventh pin of the operational amplifier U6, the second pin, the fourth pin, and the sixth pin are grounded, the fifth pin is connected to VEE, and the seventh pin is connected to VEE. The pin is connected to the third pin of the multiplier U8, and the eighth pin is connected to VCC;
所述乘法器U8的第1引脚通过电阻R8接运算放大器U6的第6引脚,通过电阻R10和电阻R9的串联接第7引脚,第1引脚直接连接运算放大器U1的第7引脚,第2引脚、第4引脚、第6引脚接地,第5引脚接VEE,第7引脚通过电阻R9接运算放大器U2的第13引脚,第8引脚接VCC。The first pin of the multiplier U8 is connected to the sixth pin of the operational amplifier U6 through a resistor R8, connected to the seventh pin through the series connection of the resistor R10 and the resistor R9, and the first pin is directly connected to the seventh pin of the operational amplifier U1 pin, the 2nd pin, the 4th pin, and the 6th pin are grounded, the 5th pin is connected to VEE, the 7th pin is connected to the 13th pin of the operational amplifier U2 through the resistor R9, and the 8th pin is connected to VCC.
有益效果:本发明在含y方的Lorenz型混沌系统的基础上,利用一个忆阻元件增加一维构成四维超混沌系统,提出了忆阻器应用于超混沌系统的新方法。Beneficial effects: on the basis of the Lorenz type chaotic system containing y square, the present invention uses a memristor element to add one dimension to form a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system, and proposes a new method for memristors to be applied to hyperchaotic systems.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明优选实施例的电路连接结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明中实现忆导器的电路实际连接图。Fig. 2 is the actual connection diagram of the circuit realizing the memristor in the present invention.
图3为运算放大器U1的电路实际连接图。Fig. 3 is the actual connection diagram of the circuit of the operational amplifier U1.
图4为乘法器U4和运算放大器U2的电路实际连接图。FIG. 4 is a circuit actual connection diagram of the multiplier U4 and the operational amplifier U2.
图5为乘法器U5和运算放大器U3的电路实际连接图。FIG. 5 is a circuit actual connection diagram of the multiplier U5 and the operational amplifier U3.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和优选实施例对本发明作更进一步的详细描述,参见图1-图5。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, see Fig. 1-Fig. 5 .
基于忆阻器的含y方的Lorenz型超混沌系统的构建方法,包括以下步骤:The construction method of the Lorenz type hyperchaotic system containing y square based on the memristor comprises the following steps:
(1)含y方的Lorenz型混沌系统i为:(1) The Lorenz type chaotic system i with y square is:
式中x,y,z为状态变量;where x, y, z are state variables;
(2)本发明采用的忆阻器为磁控忆阻器模型ii为:(2) The memristor used in the present invention is a magnetron memristor model ii is:
其中表示磁控忆阻,表示磁通量,m,n是大于零的参数;in Denotes the magnetron memristor, Indicates the magnetic flux, m, n are parameters greater than zero;
(3)对ii的磁控忆阻器模型求导得忆导器模型iii为:(3) Deriving the magnetron memristor model ii of ii, the memristor model iii is:
表示磁控忆导,m,n是大于零的参数; Represents magnetron memristor, m, n are parameters greater than zero;
(4)把磁控忆导器模型iii作为一维系统变量,加在含y方的Lorenz型混沌系统的第二方程上,获得一种基于忆阻器的含y方的Lorenz型超混沌系统iv:(4) Using the magnetron memristor model iii as a one-dimensional system variable, add it to the second equation of the Lorenz type chaotic system containing the y square, and obtain a Lorenz type hyperchaotic system containing the y square based on the memristor iv:
式中x,y,z,u为状态变量,参数值a=10,b=30,c=8/3,,m=8,n=0.004,k=3;In the formula, x, y, z, u are state variables, parameter values a=10, b=30, c=8/3, m=8, n=0.004, k=3;
(5)基于系统iv构造的电路,利用运算放大器U1、运算放大器U2、运算放大器U3和电阻、电容实现加法、反相和积分运算,利用乘法器U4和乘法器U5实现系统中的乘法运算,利用运算放大器U6和乘法器U7、乘法器U8及电容实现本发明中的忆阻器模型,所述运算放大器U1、U2和U3采用LF347BN,所述乘法器U4、U5、U7和U8采用AD633JN,所述运算放大器U6采用LF353N;(5) Based on the circuit constructed by system iv, operational amplifier U1, operational amplifier U2, operational amplifier U3 and resistors and capacitors are used to realize addition, phase inversion and integral operations, and multiplier U4 and multiplier U5 are used to realize multiplication in the system, Utilize operational amplifier U6 and multiplier U7, multiplier U8 and capacitance to realize memristor model in the present invention, described operational amplifier U1, U2 and U3 adopt LF347BN, described multiplier U4, U5, U7 and U8 adopt AD633JN, The operational amplifier U6 adopts LF353N;
所述运算放大器U1的第1引脚通过电阻Cx连接第2引脚,通过电阻R2连接第6引脚,通过电阻Ry1接运算放大器U2的第13引脚,第3引脚、第5引脚、第10引脚、第12引脚接地,第4引脚接VCC,第11引脚接VEE,第8引脚、第9引脚悬空,第6引脚通过电阻R3连接第7引脚,第7引脚通过电阻Rx1连接第13引脚,通过忆阻器Ry4接运算放大器U2的第13引脚,第7引脚直接连接乘法器U4的第1引脚,第13引脚通过电阻Rx连接第14引脚,第14引脚通过电阻R1连接第2引脚;The first pin of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the second pin through the resistor Cx, connected to the sixth pin through the resistor R2, and connected to the thirteenth pin, the third pin, and the fifth pin of the operational amplifier U2 through the resistor Ry1 , the 10th and 12th pins are grounded, the 4th pin is connected to VCC, the 11th pin is connected to VEE, the 8th and 9th pins are suspended, and the 6th pin is connected to the 7th pin through the resistor R3. The 7th pin is connected to the 13th pin through the resistor Rx1, the 13th pin of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the memristor Ry4, the 7th pin is directly connected to the 1st pin of the multiplier U4, and the 13th pin is connected to the resistor Rx Connect to the 14th pin, and the 14th pin is connected to the 2nd pin through the resistor R1;
所述运算放大器U2的第1引脚、第2引脚、第6引脚、第7引脚悬空,第3引脚、第5引脚、第10引脚、第12引脚接地,第4引脚接VCC,第11引脚接VEE,第8引脚通过电阻Ry2接第13引脚,通过电阻Rx2接运算放大器U1的第13引脚,通过电容Cy接第9引脚,第8引脚直接连接乘法器U5的第1引脚和第3引脚,第13引脚通过电阻Ry接第14引脚,第14引脚通过电阻R4接第9引脚;The 1st pin, the 2nd pin, the 6th pin, and the 7th pin of the operational amplifier U2 are suspended, the 3rd pin, the 5th pin, the 10th pin, and the 12th pin are grounded, and the 4th pin is grounded. The pin is connected to VCC, the 11th pin is connected to VEE, the 8th pin is connected to the 13th pin through the resistor Ry2, the 13th pin of the operational amplifier U1 is connected through the resistor Rx2, the 9th pin is connected to the capacitor Cy, and the 8th pin is The pin is directly connected to the first pin and the third pin of the multiplier U5, the 13th pin is connected to the 14th pin through the resistor Ry, and the 14th pin is connected to the 9th pin through the resistor R4;
所述运算放大器U3的第1引脚通过电容Cz接第2引脚,通过电阻R6接第6引脚,第1引脚直接连接乘法器U4的第3引脚,第3引脚、第5引脚、第10引脚、第12引脚接地,第4引脚接VCC,第11引脚接VEE,第8引脚、第9引脚悬空,第6引脚通过电阻R7接第7引脚,第7引脚通过电阻Rz2接第13引脚,第13引脚通过电阻Rz接第14引脚,第14引脚通过电阻R5接第2引脚;The first pin of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the second pin through the capacitor Cz, connected to the sixth pin through the resistor R6, and the first pin is directly connected to the third pin of the multiplier U4, the third pin, the fifth pin Pin, pin 10, pin 12 are grounded, pin 4 is connected to VCC, pin 11 is connected to VEE, pin 8 and pin 9 are suspended, pin 6 is connected to pin 7 through resistor R7 The 7th pin is connected to the 13th pin through the resistor Rz2, the 13th pin is connected to the 14th pin through the resistor Rz, and the 14th pin is connected to the 2nd pin through the resistor R5;
所述乘法器U4的第1引脚连接运算放大器U1的第7引脚,第2引脚、第4引脚、第6引脚接地,第3引脚连接运算放大器U3的第1引脚,第5引脚接VEE,第8引脚接VCC,第7引脚通过电阻Ry3接运算放大器U2的第13引脚;The first pin of the multiplier U4 is connected to the seventh pin of the operational amplifier U1, the second pin, the fourth pin, and the sixth pin are grounded, and the third pin is connected to the first pin of the operational amplifier U3, The 5th pin is connected to VEE, the 8th pin is connected to VCC, and the 7th pin is connected to the 13th pin of the operational amplifier U2 through the resistor Ry3;
所述乘法器U5的第1引脚和第3引脚连接运算放大器U2的第8引脚,第2引脚、第4引脚、第6引脚接地,第5引脚接VEE,第8引脚接VCC,第7引脚通过电阻Rz1接运算放大器U3的第13引脚。The first pin and the third pin of the multiplier U5 are connected to the eighth pin of the operational amplifier U2, the second pin, the fourth pin, and the sixth pin are grounded, the fifth pin is connected to VEE, and the eighth pin is connected to VEE. The pin is connected to VCC, and the 7th pin is connected to the 13th pin of the operational amplifier U3 through the resistor Rz1.
所述磁控忆导器由运算放大器U6和乘法器U7及乘法器U8实现,所述运算放大器U6连接运算放大器U1和乘法器U7及乘法器U8,乘法器U7连接乘法器U8,乘法器U8连接运算放大器U2;Described magnetron memristor is realized by operational amplifier U6 and multiplier U7 and multiplier U8, and described operational amplifier U6 connects operational amplifier U1 and multiplier U7 and multiplier U8, and multiplier U7 connects multiplier U8, and multiplier U8 Connect the operational amplifier U2;
所述运算放大器U6的第1引脚、第2引脚、第3引脚悬空,第4引脚接VEE,第5引脚接地,第6引脚通过电容C4接第7引脚,通过电阻R8连接运算放大器U1的第7引脚,第7引脚直接连接乘法器U7的第1引脚和第3引脚,第8引脚接VCC;The first pin, the second pin, and the third pin of the operational amplifier U6 are suspended, the fourth pin is connected to VEE, the fifth pin is grounded, the sixth pin is connected to the seventh pin through the capacitor C4, and the resistor R8 is connected to the 7th pin of the operational amplifier U1, the 7th pin is directly connected to the 1st and 3rd pins of the multiplier U7, and the 8th pin is connected to VCC;
所述乘法器U7的第1引脚和第3引脚连接运算放大器U6的第7引脚,第2引脚、第4引脚、第6引脚接地,第5引脚接VEE,第7引脚接乘法器U8的第3引脚,第8引脚接VCC;The first pin and the third pin of the multiplier U7 are connected to the seventh pin of the operational amplifier U6, the second pin, the fourth pin, and the sixth pin are grounded, the fifth pin is connected to VEE, and the seventh pin is connected to VEE. The pin is connected to the third pin of the multiplier U8, and the eighth pin is connected to VCC;
所述乘法器U8的第1引脚通过电阻R8接运算放大器U6的第6引脚,通过电阻R10和电阻R9的串联接第7引脚,第1引脚直接连接运算放大器U1的第7引脚,第2引脚、第4引脚、第6引脚接地,第5引脚接VEE,第7引脚通过电阻R9接运算放大器U2的第13引脚,第8引脚接VCC。The first pin of the multiplier U8 is connected to the sixth pin of the operational amplifier U6 through a resistor R8, connected to the seventh pin through the series connection of the resistor R10 and the resistor R9, and the first pin is directly connected to the seventh pin of the operational amplifier U1 pin, the 2nd pin, the 4th pin, and the 6th pin are grounded, the 5th pin is connected to VEE, the 7th pin is connected to the 13th pin of the operational amplifier U2 through the resistor R9, and the 8th pin is connected to VCC.
当然,上述说明并非对发明的限制,本发明也不仅限于上述举例,本技术领域的普通技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换,也属于本发明的保护范围。Of course, the above description is not a limitation to the invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and the changes, modifications, additions or replacements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention also belong to the scope of the present invention. protected range.
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