CN104465574B - It is a kind of that the bump packaging structure for connecing layer is used as using FeP alloys - Google Patents

It is a kind of that the bump packaging structure for connecing layer is used as using FeP alloys Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104465574B
CN104465574B CN201310416014.7A CN201310416014A CN104465574B CN 104465574 B CN104465574 B CN 104465574B CN 201310416014 A CN201310416014 A CN 201310416014A CN 104465574 B CN104465574 B CN 104465574B
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layer
bump
packaging structure
connect
metal seed
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CN104465574A (en
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郭敬东
周海飞
祝清省
刘志权
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/10Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/11Manufacturing methods

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  • Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Wire Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of using FeP alloys as the bump packaging structure for connecing layer, belong to semiconductor device packaging technique field.The bump packaging structure includes Semiconductor substrate, enclosure cavity structure and solder bump, and the enclosure cavity structure includes metal seed layer and connects layer;Wherein:The layer that connects is ferrophosphor(us) material, and the solder bump is tin or tin alloy material, and the metal seed layer is copper, titanium, tungsten or copper alloy.Excellent solderability, the slow-footed characteristic of interface layer growth that the present invention has using FeP alloys, connect layer, so as to improve the mechanics of mutual disjunctor, electricity, thermal property and service reliability and reduce packaging cost as bump packaging structure.

Description

It is a kind of that the bump packaging structure for connecing layer is used as using FeP alloys
Technical field
The present invention relates to semiconductor device packaging technique field, and in particular to a kind of using FeP alloys as connecing the convex of layer Point encapsulating structure.
Background technology
In recent years, because the production of integrated circuits of chip develops to high integration, its chip package is also needed to high power, height Density, the frivolous direction with microminiaturization are developed.Bump packaging structure has turned into one of current most widely used encapsulating structure, its Interconnection process is:Solder bump is made on chip first, chip bump is then directed at metallized ceramic or multi-layer ceramics base Metallized pads on plate, in carrying out Reflow Soldering under protective atmosphere and suitable temperature.Existing bump packaging structure is typically used Copper or nickel are as connecing layer, but with the increasingly raising of packaging density, and the size of soldered ball becomes less and less on salient point, interface gold Influence of the fragility of compound to mutual disjunctor reliability also becomes increasingly severe between category.Though copper has electricity as interfacial reaction layer The advantages such as high and excellent between the solder wetability of conductance, can be achieved good metallurgical binding, but also there is such as interface simultaneously Too fast, Cu layers of layer growth consumes the defects such as too fast and easy formation Kirkendall holes.Nickel can be effective as interfacial reaction layer Barrier metal Seed Layer Cu diffusion, but still make in the presence of such as black pad, Kirkendall holes and boundary layer fast-growth The defects such as solder joint embrittlement.In addition SnPb solders are significantly faster than that using the reaction speed between high Sn lead-free solders and Ni, with height The extensive use of Sn lead-free solders, the fast-growth of interface compound can similarly reduce the service reliability of Ni base UBM structures. The exploration of interfacial reaction layer with more dominance energy has turned into one of hot issue of Current electronic encapsulation field research, such as domestic Outer many scholars are intended to improve existing NiP layers of property by adding other alloying elements with the approach for forming binary or multi-element layers Energy.But the various novel alloy coating researched and developed at present, such as FeNi, NiV production cost is higher, extensively should it can not yet obtain at present With.
The intermetallic compound FeSn of interfacial reaction generation between Fe and Sn2, and FeSn2It is slow, fine and close with the speed of growth The advantages of having spent, therefore Fe bases UBM research and development obtain the extensive concerns of many microelectronics Packaging enterprises in recent years.But because Fe is easy In oxidation, cause its wetability very poor, report is had no using Fe always as the UBM work for connecing layer.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the excellent solderability having using FeP alloys, the slow-footed characteristic of interface layer growth, carry For a kind of using FeP alloys as the bump packaging structure for connecing layer, mechanics, electricity, thermal property and the military service of mutual disjunctor are improved Reliability simultaneously reduces packaging cost.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that:
It is a kind of using FeP alloys as the bump packaging structure for connecing layer, including Semiconductor substrate, enclosure cavity (UBM) structure and solder bump, enclosure cavity (UBM) structure include metal seed layer and connect layer;Wherein:Institute State and connect layer for ferrophosphor(us) material, the solder bump is tin or tin alloy material, the metal seed layer is copper, titanium, tungsten Or copper alloy.
It is described to connect layer its chemical composition is calculated as by atomic percentage conc with ferrophosphor(us):Ferro element:85-99%, remaining is P elements and inevitable impurity.
The thickness for connecing layer is 1-5 μm adjustable, the thickness of the metal seed layer between 100 angstroms to 10000 angstroms it Between, a diameter of 20-300 μm of the solder bump.
Above-mentioned bump packaging structure also includes pad and passivation layer, and the pad and passivation layer are located at the Semiconductor substrate Upper surface, the passivation layer is overlying on the upper surface beyond Semiconductor substrate bonding pad opening;Provided with gold above the bonding pad opening Belong to provided with layer is connect above Seed Layer, the metal seed layer, described connect is provided with solder bump above layer.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1st, under proper condition, FeP alloy-layers have good wettability, and FeP gives birth to Sn parent metals interfacial reaction Into intermetallic compound FeSn2Have the advantages that the speed of growth is slow, good compactness.Cu, Ni and NiP are replaced from FeP alloys Alloy can suppress the fast-growth of interfacial reaction layer and connect the quick consumption of layer, increase substantially salient point as layer is connect The service life of encapsulating structure.
2nd, because cost of material is relatively low, the more existing other alloys of cost for preparing UBM structures using FeP alloys, which have, relatively to be shown The advantage of work.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of bump packaging structure of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of embodiment flow chart of bump packaging structure of the invention.
Fig. 3 is FeSn on FeP/Sn interfaces2The growth kinetics curve of intermetallic compound.
In figure:1- Semiconductor substrates;2- pads;3- passivation layers;4- metal seed layers;5- connects layer;6- solder bumps.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of bump packaging structure of the present invention, and the bump packaging structure includes Semiconductor substrate 1, salient point Lower metallization structure, solder bump 6, pad 2 and passivation layer 3, the enclosure cavity structure include metal seed layer 4 With connect layer 5;The pad 2 and passivation layer 3 are located at the upper surface of the Semiconductor substrate 1, and the passivation layer 3 is overlying on semiconductor Upper surface beyond the pad 2 of substrate 1 opening;The overthe openings of pad 2 are provided with metal seed layer 4, the metal seed layer 4 Side is provided with solder bump 6 provided with layer 5, the top of layer 5 that connects is connect.
The layer 5 that connects is ferrophosphor(us) material, and the solder bump 6 is tin or tin alloy material, the seed metallization Layer 4 is copper, titanium, tungsten or copper alloy.The thickness for connecing layer 5 is 1-5 μm adjustable, the thickness of the metal seed layer 4 between Between 100 angstroms to 10000 angstroms, a diameter of 20-300 μm of the solder bump 6.
It is described to connect layer 5 its chemical composition is calculated as by atomic percentage conc with ferrophosphor(us):Ferro element:85-99%, remaining For P elements and inevitable impurity.
Fig. 2 is the process chart for preparing above-mentioned bump packaging structure, and the technique is first in chip(Semiconductor substrate)On Surface forms pad and passivation layer, and passivation layer is overlying on the upper surface beyond chip bonding pad opening;Then gold is formed on pad Belong to Seed Layer;Formed on metal seed layer and connect layer;Solder bump is formed on layer connecing;Finally remove solder bump surface Oxide, and reflux solder salient point.The technique detailed process is as follows:First in chip upper surface formation pad and passivation layer, Pad is typically formed by copper, aluminium, copper alloy or other conductive materials, is mainly used in joint technology so that each integrated in chip Circuit and external component connection.Passivation layer is formed by the materials such as silica, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride or their mixture, is used Circuit in protection chip.It is general that passivation layer is first formed on chip and pad, photoetching process and etch process are recycled, will be blunt Change pattern layers to form exposed pad opening.It should be noted that the pad and passivation layer of the chip can be chips Initial pad and initial passivation or transition pad and passivation layer according to formed by needing routing layout design.
Metal seed layer is formed on pad, forming method includes physical vapour deposition (PVD) (PVD) or sputtering;Metal kind Sublayer is generally copper, titanium, tungsten or copper alloy;The thickness of metal seed layer is typically in the range of between 100 angstroms to 10000 angstroms.
Then formed on the metal seed layer in above-mentioned bonding pad opening and connect layer, the layer that connects is ferrophosphor(us), its Chemical composition is that iron atom percentage composition is 85-99% adjustable, and remaining is phosphorus and inevitable impurity.Concrete technology can pass through With plating or the mode of chemical plating, FeP alloys are plated directly on metal seed layer.FeSn can be formed after backflow on interface2Metal Between compound, rather than common Cu6Sn5Or Ni3Sn4Intermetallic compound.Due to FeSn2The speed of growth it is slow, it is ensured that Solder layer in salient point is difficult that the weld metal zone brittle intermetallic thing of thickness is quickly consumed and formed during prolonged use, So as to improve the reliability for encapsulating mutual disjunctor.Fig. 3 is FeSn on FeP/SnAgCu interfaces2The growth of intermetallic compound is moved Force diagram, it can be seen that its speed of growth is far below NiP/SnAgCu interfaces Ni3Sn4The speed of growth.
Then solder bump is formed on interfacial reaction layer, the method for forming solder bump can be using plating, screen printing Brush plants the modes such as ball.The solder used is pure tin or tin alloy, such as sn-ag alloy, gun-metal, SAC.
Finally, the oxide on solder bump surface, and reflux solder salient point are removed, bump packaging structure of the present invention is formed.
Examples provided above is only the mode illustrated, is not considered as limiting the scope of the present invention, appoints What technique according to the invention scheme and its inventive concept are subject to equivalent substitution or the method for change, should all cover the present invention's Within protection domain.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of be used as the bump packaging structure for connecing layer using FeP alloys, it is characterised in that:The bump packaging structure includes partly leading Body substrate, enclosure cavity structure and solder bump, the enclosure cavity structure include metal seed layer and connect Layer;Wherein:The layer that connects is ferrophosphor(us) material, and the solder bump is tin or tin alloy material, the seed metallization Layer is copper, titanium, tungsten or copper alloy;It is described to connect layer its chemical composition is calculated as by atomic percentage conc with ferrophosphor(us):Ferro element: 85-99%, remaining is P elements and inevitable impurity.
2. according to claim 1 be used as the bump packaging structure for connecing layer using FeP alloys, it is characterised in that:It is described to connect The thickness of layer is 1-5 μm adjustable, and the thickness of the metal seed layer is between 100 angstroms to 10000 angstroms, the solder bump A diameter of 20-300 μm.
3. according to claim 1 be used as the bump packaging structure for connecing layer using FeP alloys, it is characterised in that:It is described convex Point encapsulating structure also includes pad and passivation layer, and the pad and passivation layer are located at the upper surface of the Semiconductor substrate, described Passivation layer is overlying on the upper surface beyond Semiconductor substrate bonding pad opening;Metal seed layer is provided with above the bonding pad opening, it is described Provided with layer is connect above metal seed layer, described connect is provided with solder bump above layer.
CN201310416014.7A 2013-09-12 2013-09-12 It is a kind of that the bump packaging structure for connecing layer is used as using FeP alloys Active CN104465574B (en)

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5422161A (en) * 1977-07-20 1979-02-19 Toshiba Corp Semiconductor device
CN101090099A (en) * 2006-06-12 2007-12-19 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 Solder lug and manufacturing method thereof
CN101211878A (en) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-02 国际商业机器公司 Interconnection structure and its forming method
CN101425489A (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-05-06 中国科学院金属研究所 Solder convex point connected metal layer in microelectronic package and use thereof

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012054359A (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-15 Toshiba Corp Semiconductor device and manufacturing method of semiconductor device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5422161A (en) * 1977-07-20 1979-02-19 Toshiba Corp Semiconductor device
CN101090099A (en) * 2006-06-12 2007-12-19 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 Solder lug and manufacturing method thereof
CN101211878A (en) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-02 国际商业机器公司 Interconnection structure and its forming method
CN101425489A (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-05-06 中国科学院金属研究所 Solder convex point connected metal layer in microelectronic package and use thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
锌铁磷合金电镀的发展现状;张昭,李劲风,舒余德,张鉴清,曹楚南;《电镀与涂饰》;20001031;第19卷(第5期);第32-37页 *

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