CN1044511C - 一种浸渍过的密封垫的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种浸渍过的密封垫的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1044511C
CN1044511C CN95101415A CN95101415A CN1044511C CN 1044511 C CN1044511 C CN 1044511C CN 95101415 A CN95101415 A CN 95101415A CN 95101415 A CN95101415 A CN 95101415A CN 1044511 C CN1044511 C CN 1044511C
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K-H·斯皮斯
H·科伯
S·科萨克
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Abstract

由至少一种浸渍过的非织造织物制造一种浸渍过的密封垫的方法，通过用一种以溶液、分散体或悬浮体形式存在的、能预交联的聚合物混合物浸渍一种用粘合剂预粘合的非织造织物来实现。最终交联要在对多层进行压层之后、在压力和高温下、在具有相应的热效应的一个烘箱中进行。

Description

一种浸渍过的密封垫的制造方法
本发明涉及一种由至少一种预浸渍过的非织造织物制造浸渍过的密封垫的方法。
这样一种方法在DE-GM8425480.7中已有说明。这里涉及一种浸渍过的软质密封垫，尤其是内燃发动机的一种汽缸盖垫，这种密封垫需要时由金属增强的、不含石棉的纤维和/或来源于有机纤维和/或无机纤维混合物的纤维网、一种粘合剂和需要时一种粉末状至细粒状的填料以及这种纤维网的一种液体浸渍物组成，其中液态浸渍剂在安装好的密封垫中已交联成为可塑的至有弹性的最终状态。对已知的一些密封垫来说，在较高的压力负荷下，浸渍过的纤维网的屈服点低，不能令人满意。为了克服这个问题，有人提出，在进行液体浸渍之前添加等于浸渍过的纤维网的3-15重量％热固性合成树脂。优选三聚氰酰胺树脂、环氧树脂和酚醛树脂。
为了制造这种浸渍过的纤维网，重要的是，在真正进行液体浸渍之前，这些热固性树脂以一种还有活性的形式存在于纤维网中。作为一种可能的工艺方案提出的是，在真正的液体浸渍之前用这些已预交联的活性合成树脂的溶液、分散体或悬浮体预浸渍这种纤维网。但也可在浸渍之后在浸渍剂交联时实现这些合成树脂的最终交联。
这种现有技术的特征是，从纤维网、也就是从相对还未硬化的纤维平面构型物出发。在此情况下不利的是，尤其对连续操作方法来说，要保持尽可能小的密度波动和性能波动，必须保证所有成分在纤维网中均匀分布。为此在对纤维的初步加工和对此方法中所使用的组分的混合过程中需要很昂贵的处理步骤和控制步骤。此外还必须照顾到，不产生危害健康的纤维粉末和捕集这些粉末。此外在此方法中，由于这些未硬化的纤维平面构型物缺乏机械稳定性，因此对它们的操作和运输造成相当大的困难。
美国专利4371579中公开了一种耐火的层压板，其中包含许多层填料层，这些填料层经由温度和压力固结的热固性树脂浸渍。其中填料层是一种纸质填料层材料，这使对材料和纤维长度的选择就受到很大的限制，使它不便于使用较长的纤维；且在用树脂浸渍前，这种层状材料中已分布有填料，这容易导致一种不均匀产物。这些缺点使它不能制得一种非织造的、保持各成分均匀分布的、密度和其它性能不易发生改变的密封垫产品。
本发明的任务是，在上述的现有技术基础上，提出一种操作方法，这种操作方法可连续进行。它可同时保证材料质量分布均匀不变，能在避免产生纤维粉末的情况下，获得足够机械强度的初产品和中间产品。
按照本发明的方法，在由不合石棉的纤维或源于有机或无机纤维混合物组成的一种平面构型物上涂上一种粘合剂，用一种活性聚合物混合物的可预交联的溶液、分散体或悬浮体进行浸渍，紧接着通过在高温下烘干，引起这种活性聚合物混合物预交联，最后使在这种或这些获得的预浸渍过的密封非织造织物幅中的这些聚合物在压力和高温下-必要时进行金属加固-一起进行最终交联，这种方法的特征在于：用可预交联的聚合物混合物对已用粘合剂粘合的纤维非织造织物幅进行浸渍，然后使这些被浸渍过的纤维非织造织物幅通过两个压液辊，紧接着在一个烘箱中除去溶剂、分散剂或悬浮剂直到干燥，并使这种聚合物混合物预交联，然后把产生的这些预浸渍过的非织造织物幅按所希望的数量在足够引起这些聚合物最终交联的压力和温度下一起压层和粘贴，成为成品密封垫。
本发明的基本内容是，把非织造织物、就是说把通过粘合剂粘合的纤维网用作纤维平面构型物，其中，通过一种或多种后处理工艺加强了在这些粘合的纤维网中的纤维接合，这些纤维网作为平面构型物和卷装织物随时可供使用。通过纤维的特性、不同纤维的混合、粘合方法的特征、纤维分布和机械后加工，可制成具有确定的物理和化学特性的、尺寸准确地适用于各自应用目的的非织造织物。对这些非织造织物性能的不同需要实际上可不受限制地满足，且仅通过使用由此生产的密封垫而得到满足。供使用的相应的非织造织物是各种各样的现有技术的研究内容，专业人员容易得知，这不是本发明的对象。
因此，本发明用预交联的聚合物混合物来浸渍已用粘合剂粘合的纤维非织造织物幅。这种聚合物混合物可是填充的或未填充的。
使浸渍过的纤维非织造织物幅在进入烘箱之前通过两个轧辊。通过调节聚合物混合物的粘度和通过两个轧辊之间的距离，可控制聚合物含量和聚合物层的厚度。可简单地进行初步试验，因为经过这种轧辊处理之后立即就有结果。
接着在烘箱中处理这种浸渍过的非织造织物平面构型物，在烘箱中除去溶剂、分散剂或悬浮剂时，应使聚合物组分在离开烘箱之后虽然是干燥的，但未完全硬化。那就是说，在这种预交联状态下，预浸渍过的非织造织物幅具有粘合特性和封合特性。
可将这些预浸渍过的非织造织物幅以所希望的数量-根据所希望的密封垫最终厚度-摞起来，并使其在加压和加热下彼此连接在一起。在任何情况下都必须使这样产生的复合物最后经受一种热作用，这种热作用足够在这种预浸渍物中引起聚合物组分的最终交联。
按照本发明的另一个优选实施方案，在一个加热的滚筒式胺化器中，或在一个加热的双带式压型机中对预浸渍过的非织造物进行彼此重叠压层，接着在一个干燥箱中进行最后交联和硬化。
这种方法的另一种优选的实施形式在于：在非织造织物预浸渍幅的上面和下面贴上一块塑料薄膜或金属箔，进行压层，将此压层制品在加热的轧辊中间或者-如果需要较长的压层时间-就在一台双带式压型机中压合成一种密封材料。最终交联还是在一个烘箱中进行。如此制成的具有加固芯的垫圈不再是弯曲无弹性的，尤其要进行全自动化安装时，使安装变得很容易。
这种方案的一种有利的继续改进是：各自分开进行例如通过模压或激光切割的预浸渍非织造织物的成型和例如通过模压、激光切割或压铸的支承层成型。在具有如此初步外形的支承体的两面配合准确地贴上同样具有初步外形的预浸渍过的非织造织物模制件，并按照上述方法进行压层，紧接着进行聚合物的最终交联。这种方法的优点是：制造垫圈时的废料显著减少而且容易循环使用这种废料或可将其清除。
所有上述的处理方案都是可连续进行的；预硬化了的非织造织物在所有加工阶段都受得住加工机器的机械作用和热作用。
上述的具有加固芯的密封垫尤其可用作汽缸盖垫，可配上卷边。在此情况下表明，使用本发明方法用非织造织物增强的、贴在加固薄膜上的密封层在卷边时可以很好地成形，未观察到生成裂纹或垫圈层厚度显著减小。
以下实施例说明本发明。
制造用薄钢片加固的、带有预浸渍过的非织造织物的一种密封垫。
浸渍浴的配方(份量=重量份数)：
50份    市售的一种含50％共聚物的水分散体，这种共聚物以丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯和丙烯腈为基础
50份    市售的一种含40％共聚物的水分体，这种共聚物由丙烯腈和丙烯酸丁酯制成
10份    红磷(填料)
60份    2,4,6-三氨基-1,3,5-三嗪(填料)
1份     水可分散的一种市售铜酞菁制剂
5.9份   一种市售的含60％含有羟甲基的氨基树脂预缩合物
        的水溶液
10份    水
通过用一个棒式混合器搅拌来混合这些成分。为了达到这些填料的最佳分布和最佳粒度，在一个辊式破碎机中滚压这种混合物。
将这种混合物加到一个浸涂器(dip-coater)中，在此设备中将主要由芳酰胺纤维组成的、带有聚酯粘合纤维的、单位面积重量为50克/米2的一种非织造织物进行浸渍，然后在一个连续式烘箱中在150℃下烘2分钟。然后借助于一个加热的滚筒式胺化器(Rollaminator)将如此获得的浸渍过的非织造织物叠置于除去了油脂和刷干净了的一块薄钢板两侧，并在操作压力为7kp/cm2和温度为190℃的条件压紧。通过此滚筒式胺化器的流过速度为1.4米/分钟。
紧接着使这种用金属加固了的密封材料在一个烘箱中于130℃下经过14小时完全硬化。然后用一个全冲裁模具、由这种材料中冲压出这种密封垫。

Claims (4)

1．由至少一种预浸渍过的非织造织物制造一种浸渍过的密封垫的方法，这种方法在由不含石棉的纤维或源于有机或无机纤维混合物组成的一种平面构型物上涂上一种粘合剂，用一种活性聚合物混合物的可预交联的溶液、分散体或悬浮体进行浸渍，紧接着通过在高温下烘干引起这种活性聚合物混合物预交联，最后使在这种或这些获得的预浸渍过的密封非织造织物幅中的这些聚合物在压力和高温下-必要时进行金属加固-一起进行最终交联，这种方法的特征在于：用可预交联的聚合物混合物对已用粘合剂粘合的纤维非织造织物幅进行浸渍，然后使这些被浸渍过的纤维非织造织物幅通过两个压液辊，紧接着在一个烘箱中除去溶剂、分散剂或悬浮剂直到干燥并使这种聚合物混合物预交联，然后把产生的这些预浸渍过的非织造织物幅按所希望的数量在足够引起这些聚合物最终交联的压力和温度下一起压层和粘贴，成为成品密封垫。
2．按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：在一个加热的滚筒式胺化器中、或在一个加热的双带式压型机中对预浸渍过的非织造织物进行彼此重叠压层，紧接着在一个干燥箱中进行最终交联和硬化。
3．按权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：对两块浸渍过的非织造织物之间有一块塑料薄膜和金属箔的层进行层压。
4．按权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：在压层之前，总是将预浸渍过的非织造织物和塑料薄膜或金属箔彼此分别地预先成型成规定的最终形状。
CN95101415A 1994-05-31 1995-01-20 一种浸渍过的密封垫的制造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1044511C (zh)

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JPWO2021074959A1 (ja) * 2019-10-15 2021-11-04 株式会社明和 布入りゴムパッキンの製造方法、革パッキンの製造方法、布入りゴムパッキン、及び革パッキン

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DE4419007A1 (de) 1996-01-18
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FR2720466B1 (fr) 1998-01-16
CN1116286A (zh) 1996-02-07
FR2720466A1 (fr) 1995-12-01

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