CN104449888B - A kind of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to technical field of fuel, especially a kind of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel and preparation method thereof, proportioning is carried out by stock oil, catalyzer, salpeter solution, alcohol, urea, and processing parameter in combined process step and control order that various raw material adds and opportunity, the performance in stock oil is made to obtain modification accurately, and then improving the kinematic viscosity of oil, the content of biodiversity percentage composition and alcohol matter, further improves the performance of stock oil; And compare pure alcohol and traditional alcohol fuel, its kinematic viscosity is more excellent, and water content is lower, after burning, smoke discharge amount is less, by perfect combustion largely, can improve the fuel value of fuel, reduce the consumption of the energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of fuel, especially a kind of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Coal tar is divided into high temperature and the large class of middle semi coking tar two.Those skilled in the art understand the product series of coal tar and preliminary working thereof, and its Theoretical combustion calorific value is compared low by 10 ~ 20% with vapour, diesel oil.In actual applications because combustion conditions is poor, the calorific value of its actual release is had a greatly reduced quality, and also has people to make research for this reason for this reason.Namely the mode of hydrogenating reduction is adopted more macromolecularly to be reduced into low molecule oil by this for coal tar, and then the quality of coal tar is improved largely, improve the combustion heat value of coal tar, and then coal tar can be sufficiently burned, and then reduce the waste of the energy; But because hydrogenation process conditions is harsh, facility investment is huge, is difficult to a large amount of tar processing domestic storage; Also make the processing cost of coal tar comparatively large, the preliminary working product of great majority direct application coal tar and coal tar series product carries out burn application for this reason, and this direct burn application is difficult to reach perfect combustion, and then causes a large amount of energy dissipations; Meanwhile, coal tar stores due to its complex chemical composition, volatile, so make air, water body suffers serious pollution; And in direct combustion processes, a large amount of soot emissions will be caused, make the water wall tube in roasting kiln and economizer outside surface carbon distribution cause heat transfer intensity to decline.And in currently available technology, except hydrogenating reduction, also has oxygenation method, but, comparatively exacting terms is also also existed for employing oxygenated treatment method, mainly adopt nitration process and in the complex compound of grafting nitro in coal tar, can this technique need the composition understood in coal tar carry out graft reaction with nitro, and then need that the time allocated into the technical parameter of chemical reaction and raw material and accurately control, further improve the difficulty to coal tar process, increase coal tar processing cost; Meanwhile, the perfect combustion degree of the fuel of acquisition is still not high, still can cause a large amount of soot emissions, and then causes scattering and disappearing and waste of the raw material energy.
For this reason, this researchist is based on above-mentioned technical problem, from coal tar and adopt coal tar to be the oil product that raw material carries out preliminary working and obtains, by nitration, neutralization reaction, alcoholization, the connected applications of the technology such as sedimentation, and accurately control the order that adds of raw material in process and add opportunity, and then provide a kind of newly to select for the modification of coal tar.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem existed in prior art, the invention provides a kind of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel and preparation method thereof.
Be achieved particular by following technical scheme:
A kind of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, the kinematic viscosity of this fuel is 2.6-4.1mm
2/ s, biodiversity percentage composition are 0.6-1.9%, alcohol mass percentage is 25-46%.
The kinematic viscosity of this fuel is 3.35mm2/s, biodiversity percentage composition is 1.2%, alcohol mass percentage is 35%.
The material composition of described fuel take parts by weight as stock oil 360-515 part, catalyzer 3-8 part, salpeter solution 5-60 part, sodium hydroxide solution 0-400 part, alcohol 0-300 part, urea 0-8 part; Wherein in sodium hydroxide solution, alcohol, urea three kinds of raw materials, can only a kind of raw material it be 0 part.
The material composition of described fuel take parts by weight as stock oil 515 parts, catalyzer 8 parts, salpeter solution 25 parts, sodium hydroxide solution 15 parts, alcohol 255 parts, 5 parts, urea.
The material composition of described fuel take parts by weight as stock oil 500 parts, catalyzer 6 parts, salpeter solution 60 parts, sodium hydroxide solution 400 parts, 8 parts, urea.
The material composition of described fuel take parts by weight as stock oil 500 parts, catalyzer 3 parts, salpeter solution 32 parts, sodium hydroxide solution 30 parts, alcohol 150 parts.
Described stock oil is coal tar, take coal tar as the washing oil that raw material preliminary working obtains, carbolineum, the one in carbolic oil and light oil and shale oil.
Described salpeter solution to be mass percentage be 60 ~ 95% industrial nitric acid; Described alcohol is the one in ethanol, methyl alcohol;
Described ethanol to be mass percentage be 95% ~ 99.9% industrial alcohol or fuel-grade ethanol in one;
Described methyl alcohol to be mass percentage be 95 ~ 99.9% industrial methanol.
Described catalyzer is the one in magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, SODIUMNITRATE, sodium chlorate.
The preparation method of this nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, raw material part is got by proportioning, stock oil is pumped in reactor, adjustment temperature is-5 DEG C-19 DEG C, and add catalyzer wherein, wherein the catalyzer joining day is for have added at 50-60min, and be divided into 3 times and add, open stirrer again, the stirring velocity of adjustment stirrer is 80-90r/min, after stirring 10-15min, add salpeter solution wherein again, constant speed stirs 5-10min, after making the temperature in reactor be warmed up to 50-70 DEG C by-5 DEG C-25 DEG C, stop stirring, nitration 2-4h, and to adjust temperature be after 20-30 DEG C, add sodium hydroxide solution successively wherein again, alcohol, after two kinds in urea or three kinds of materials, and adopt the mode stirred while adding to add, the speed wherein stirred is 60-80r/min, to be added complete after, after Keep agitation 5-60min, after its sedimentation 10min, filter, obtain filter residue and filtrate, filter residue is as carbon element factory's raw materials for production, filtrate is nitration coal tar alcohol fuel.
The present invention is in line with not exploring aliphatic hydrocarbon in tar, the thousands of kinds of compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, anthracene class, fluorenes class and luxuriant and rich with fragrance class with nitric acid reaction after generate which kind of nitro-compound, do not pursue the nitro-compound total amount that organism in tar generates after nitrated yet and want high.The index of unique measurement is that after nitration, coal tar obtains nitration coal tar alcohol fuel with a certain proportion of methyl alcohol, ethanol blending and can improve efficiency of combustion in actual applications and reach the object reducing soot emissions amount.
The reason selecting nitration method is that this reaction can be carried out at normal temperature and sub-zero envrionment conditions, and the reaction heat discharged by nitration reaction maintains certain temperature and speed of response.Generate a part of nitro-compound and be conducive to coal tar Thorough combustion.The equipment of nitration adopts general glass lined reaction vessel and supporting utility appliance, coal tar through nitration comprises circulating water cooling system, reflux exchanger, transferpump and strainer in utility appliance, enters after Mixer pot adds alcohols material neutralizing agent and reductive agent and namely obtain nitration coal tar alcohol fuel after filter.Tankage bituminous matter is sent to carbon element factory's processing carbon product after collecting.And then reach decreasing pollution source, reduce waste discharge, make, under the prerequisite changing coal tar performance, further to avoid the discharge of waste.
Urea can play part elimination obnoxious flavour nitrogen oxide (NOx) makes it be reduced to the effect of harmless nitrogen (N2).
Alcohols nail alcohol and ethanol, can play the effect reconciling product viscosity after alcohols material is added certain proportion in nitration coal tar.
Compared with prior art, technique effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1. proportioning is carried out by stock oil, catalyzer, salpeter solution, alcohol, urea, and processing parameter in combined process step and control order that various raw material adds and opportunity, the performance in stock oil is made to obtain modification accurately, and then improve the kinematic viscosity of oil, the content of biodiversity percentage composition and alcohol matter, further improves the performance of stock oil.
2. alcohol fuel of the present invention compares pure alcohol and traditional alcohol fuel, and its kinematic viscosity is more excellent, and water content is lower, and after burning, dust discharge amount is less, by perfect combustion largely, can improve the fuel value of fuel, reduce the consumption of the energy.
3. the preparation technology of alcohol fuel of the present invention is simple, and technical indicator is single, and cost of manufacture is cheap.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment, further restriction is done to technical scheme of the present invention, but claimed scope is not only confined to done description.
Embodiment 1
A kind of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, the material composition of this fuel take parts by weight as stock oil 360kg, catalyzer 3kg, salpeter solution 5kg, alcohol 300kg, urea 8kg.
Described stock oil is coal tar.
Described salpeter solution to be mass percentage be 60% industrial nitric acid; Described alcohol is ethanol;
Described ethanol to be mass percentage be 95% industrial alcohol;
Described catalyzer is magnesium nitrate hexahydrate.
The preparation method of this nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, raw material part is got by proportioning, stock oil is pumped in reactor, adjustment temperature is-5 DEG C, and add catalyzer wherein, wherein the catalyzer joining day is for have added at 50min, and be divided into 3 times and add, open stirrer again, the stirring velocity of adjustment stirrer is 80r/min, after stirring 10min, add salpeter solution wherein again, constant speed stirs 5min, after making the temperature in reactor be warmed up to 50 DEG C by-5 DEG C, stop stirring, nitration 2h, and to adjust temperature be after 20 DEG C, add sodium hydroxide solution successively wherein again, alcohol, after two kinds in urea or three kinds of materials, and adopt the mode stirred while adding to add, the speed wherein stirred is 60r/min, to be added complete after, after Keep agitation 5min, after its sedimentation 10min, filter, obtain filter residue and filtrate, filter residue is as carbon element factory's raw materials for production, filtrate is nitration coal tar alcohol fuel.
Detected result is: the kinematic viscosity of this fuel is 3.35mm2/s, biodiversity percentage composition is 1.2%, alcohol mass percentage is 35%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, the material composition of this fuel take parts by weight as stock oil 515kg, catalyzer 8kg, salpeter solution 60kg, sodium hydroxide solution 400kg, alcohol 300kg.
Described stock oil is take coal tar as the washing oil that raw material preliminary working obtains.
Described salpeter solution to be mass percentage be 95% industrial nitric acid; Described alcohol is methyl alcohol;
Described methyl alcohol to be mass percentage be 95% industrial methanol.
Described catalyzer is SODIUMNITRATE.
The preparation method of this nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, raw material part is got by proportioning, stock oil is pumped in reactor, adjustment temperature is 19 DEG C, and add catalyzer wherein, wherein the catalyzer joining day is for have added at 60min, and be divided into 3 times and add, open stirrer again, the stirring velocity of adjustment stirrer is 90r/min, after stirring 15min, add salpeter solution wherein again, constant speed stirs 10min, after making the temperature in reactor be warmed up to 70 DEG C by 25 DEG C, stop stirring, nitration 4h, and to adjust temperature be after 30 DEG C, add sodium hydroxide solution successively wherein again, alcohol, after two kinds in urea or three kinds of materials, and adopt the mode stirred while adding to add, the speed wherein stirred is 80r/min, to be added complete after, after Keep agitation 60min, after its sedimentation 10min, filter, obtain filter residue and filtrate, filter residue is as carbon element factory's raw materials for production, filtrate is nitration coal tar alcohol fuel.
Detected result is: the kinematic viscosity of this fuel is 2.6mm
2/ s, biodiversity percentage composition are 0.6%, alcohol mass percentage is 25%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, the material composition of this fuel take parts by weight as stock oil 515kg, catalyzer 8kg, salpeter solution 25kg, sodium hydroxide solution 15kg, alcohol 255kg, urea 5kg.
Described stock oil is take coal tar as the carbolineum that raw material preliminary working obtains.
Described salpeter solution to be mass percentage be 70% industrial nitric acid; Described alcohol is ethanol;
Described ethanol to be mass percentage be 99.9% fuel-grade ethanol;
Described catalyzer is sodium chlorate.
The preparation method of this nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, raw material part is got by proportioning, stock oil is pumped in reactor, adjustment temperature is 10 DEG C, and add catalyzer wherein, wherein the catalyzer joining day is for have added at 55min, and be divided into 3 times and add, open stirrer again, the stirring velocity of adjustment stirrer is 85r/min, after stirring 13min, add salpeter solution wherein again, constant speed stirs 8min, after making the temperature in reactor be warmed up to 60 DEG C by 20 DEG C, stop stirring, nitration 3h, and to adjust temperature be after 25 DEG C, add sodium hydroxide solution successively wherein again, alcohol, after two kinds in urea or three kinds of materials, and adopt the mode stirred while adding to add, the speed wherein stirred is 70r/min, to be added complete after, after Keep agitation 35min, after its sedimentation 10min, filter, obtain filter residue and filtrate, filter residue is as carbon element factory's raw materials for production, filtrate is nitration coal tar alcohol fuel.
Detected result is: the kinematic viscosity of this fuel is 4.1mm2/s, biodiversity percentage composition is 1.9%, alcohol mass percentage is 46%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, the material composition of this fuel take parts by weight as stock oil 500kg, catalyzer 6kg, salpeter solution 60kg, sodium hydroxide solution 400kg, urea 8kg.
Described stock oil is take coal tar as the carbolic oil that raw material preliminary working obtains.
Described salpeter solution to be mass percentage be 80% industrial nitric acid; Described alcohol is methyl alcohol;
Described methyl alcohol to be mass percentage be 99.9% industrial methanol.
Described catalyzer is magnesium nitrate hexahydrate.
The preparation method of this nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, raw material part is got by proportioning, stock oil is pumped in reactor, adjustment temperature is 15 DEG C, and add catalyzer wherein, wherein the catalyzer joining day is for have added at 57min, and be divided into 3 times and add, open stirrer again, the stirring velocity of adjustment stirrer is 83r/min, after stirring 11min, add salpeter solution wherein again, constant speed stirs 9min, after making the temperature in reactor be warmed up to 57 DEG C by 13 DEG C, stop stirring, nitration 3.5h, and to adjust temperature be after 27 DEG C, add sodium hydroxide solution successively wherein again, alcohol, after two kinds in urea or three kinds of materials, and adopt the mode stirred while adding to add, the speed wherein stirred is 77r/min, to be added complete after, after Keep agitation 55min, after its sedimentation 10min, filter, obtain filter residue and filtrate, filter residue is as carbon element factory's raw materials for production, filtrate is nitration coal tar alcohol fuel.
Detected result is: the kinematic viscosity of this fuel is 3.1mm
2/ s, biodiversity percentage composition are 1.1%, alcohol mass percentage is 29%.
Embodiment 5
A kind of preparation method of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, getting coke-oven plant's dehydration high temperature tar 515 kilograms pumps in reactor, under the condition of envrionment temperature 19 DEG C, add magnesium nitrate hexahydrate 8 kilograms, turn on agitator, add the industrial nitric acid 25 kilograms that content is 60% while stirring, Keep agitation 5 minutes after adding.Temperature in the kettle is made to be warming up to 70 DEG C by 19 DEG C, stop stirring, after nitrated 2 hours, then turn on agitator, limit take wherein while stirring the saturated methanol solution of hydro-oxidation sodium according to the mixing solutions 20 kilograms of 3:1 mixed preparing, adjustment still liquid pH value is in neutral, in reactor, add industrial methanol 250 kilograms, 5 kilograms, urea that mass percentage is 98.9% again, stir after 1 hour, sedimentation 10 minutes, and discharge below viscid bitumen 50 kilograms, obtain coal tar alcohol fuel 790 kilograms.
Detect: kinematic viscosity 3.0mm2/s, moisture 1.2%, methanol content 38%.
Be applied to diesel range combustion test, result is that firepower is violent, tasteless, smokeless.
Embodiment 6
A kind of preparation method of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, get coke-oven plant's coal tar preliminary working and take off 500 kilograms, naphthalene washing oil, pump in reactor, add magnesium nitrate hexahydrate 6 kilograms, turn on agitator, divided and adds 60 kilograms, the nitric acid that mass percentage is 60% for three times in 1 hour.Adjustment temperature of reaction was warming up to 50 DEG C by 25 DEG C in 5 minutes, and question response, after 5 hours, cools the temperature to 30 DEG C.Measure the washing oil after nitration, result is aobvious acid, then hydro-oxidation sodium saturated solution 400 kilograms is adjusted to neutrality wherein, add 8 kilograms, urea more wherein, after turn on agitator stirs 10 minutes, sedimentation 10min, filtering bits, obtain washing oil alcohol fuel 968 kilograms.
Detect: kinematic viscosity 2.8mm2/s, methanol content 46%, moisture 1.9%.
Test at power plant application: with originally used washing oil and compare and have without black smoke, flame brightness is high, and survey with optical pyrometer and use common washing oil to compare, temperature exceeds 40 ~ 70 DEG C.In Reaktionsofen, carbon distribution obviously reduces, and power houses peculiar smell reduces.
Embodiment 7
A kind of preparation method of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, get semi coking tar 500 kilograms pumps in reactor under the condition of envrionment temperature 0 DEG C, add magnesium nitrate hexahydrate 3 kilograms, turn on agitator, divided in 1 hour and add the concentrated nitric acid 32 kilograms that mass percentage is 90% for three times.Adjustment reactor is warming up to 51 DEG C, and question response is after 4 hours, and adjustment reactor is cooled to 20 DEG C, pumps into the saturated ethanolic soln of sodium hydroxide 180 kilograms, makes still liquid transfer neutrality to, add 6.2 kilograms, urea, stir 5 minutes, filters, obtains coal tar alcohol fuel 680 kilograms.
Detect: kinematic viscosity 4.1mm2/s, moisture 0.6%, ethanol content 25%.
Use small-scale test stove, and adopt burning to chew to spray in stove, observe with optical pyrometer at manhole place, flame medial temperature is at 1750 DEG C, and exhaust smoke hole is smokeless, free from extraneous odour.
Embodiment 8
A preparation method for nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, gets carbolineum 360 kilograms and pumps into reactor, and add sodium chlorate 3 kilograms, turn on agitator, slowly instills 5 kilograms, the nitric acid that mass percentage is 90% while stirring; Adjustment temperature of reaction kettle rises to 50 DEG C by-5 DEG C.React 2 hours, and adjust still temperature drop to 20 DEG C, then add methyl alcohol 300 kilograms, stir 10 minutes, filter, obtain coal tar alcohol fuel 650 kilograms.
Detect: kinematic viscosity 2.6mm2/s, moisture 1.2%, methanol content 45%.
Use at down town bath boiler, smoke-free and tasteless, alternative diesel oil, more cheap than burning methyl alcohol.
It is important to point out at this; above embodiment is only limitted to be further elaborated technical scheme of the present invention; be not that further restriction is done to technical scheme of the present invention; the essential characteristics of the non-protruding that those skilled in the art make on this basis and the progress of non-significant, all belong to protection category of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, is characterized in that, the material composition of described fuel is stock oil, catalyzer, salpeter solution, sodium hydroxide solution, alcohol, urea; Wherein in sodium hydroxide solution, urea two kinds of raw materials, can not be 0 simultaneously;
Described stock oil is coal tar, take coal tar as the washing oil that raw material preliminary working obtains, carbolineum, the one in carbolic oil and light oil and shale oil;
Described catalyzer is the one in magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, SODIUMNITRATE, sodium chlorate;
Described salpeter solution to be mass percentage be 60 ~ 95% industrial nitric acid; Described alcohol is the one in ethanol, methyl alcohol; Described ethanol to be mass percentage be 95% ~ 99.9% industrial alcohol or fuel-grade ethanol in one; Described methyl alcohol to be mass percentage be 95 ~ 99.9% industrial methanol;
Described sodium hydroxide solution is sodium hydroxide saturated solution;
The kinematic viscosity of this fuel is 2.6-4.1mm
2/ s, biodiversity percentage composition are 0.6-1.9%, alcohol mass percentage is 25-46%.
2. nitration coal tar alcohol fuel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the material composition of described fuel take parts by weight as stock oil 360-515 part, catalyzer 3-8 part, salpeter solution 5-60 part, sodium hydroxide solution 0-400 part, alcohol 255-300 part, urea 0-8 part.
3. nitration coal tar alcohol fuel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the material composition of described fuel, take parts by weight as stock oil 515 parts, catalyzer 8 parts, salpeter solution 25 parts, sodium hydroxide solution 15 parts, alcohol 255 parts, 5 parts, urea.
4. the preparation method of the nitration coal tar alcohol fuel as described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, raw material part is got by proportioning, stock oil is pumped in reactor, adjustment temperature is-5 DEG C-19 DEG C, and add catalyzer wherein, wherein the catalyzer joining day is for have added at 50-60min, and be divided into 3 times and add, open stirrer again, the stirring velocity of adjustment stirrer is 80-90r/min, after stirring 10-15min, add salpeter solution wherein again, constant speed stirs 5-10min, after making the temperature in reactor be warmed up to 50-70 DEG C by-5 DEG C-25 DEG C, stop stirring, nitration 2-4h, and to adjust temperature be after 20-30 DEG C, add sodium hydroxide solution successively wherein again, alcohol, after two kinds in urea or three kinds of materials, and adopt the mode stirred while adding to add, the speed wherein stirred is 60-80r/min, to be added complete after, after Keep agitation 5-60min, after its sedimentation 10min, filter, obtain filter residue and filtrate, filter residue is as carbon element factory's raw materials for production, filtrate is nitration coal tar alcohol fuel, the kinematic viscosity of this fuel is 2.6-4.1mm
2/ s, biodiversity percentage composition are 0.6-1.9%, alcohol mass percentage is 25-46%.
5. the preparation method of nitration coal tar alcohol fuel as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the kinematic viscosity of described fuel is 3.35mm
2/ s, biodiversity percentage composition are 1.2%, alcohol mass percentage is 35%.
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| CN108440302A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-24 | 司华山 | A kind of 4,6- dinitro-o-cresols preparation process |
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