CN1044447C - 用于分离混合气体生产气体的吸附方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于分离混合气体生产气体的吸附方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1044447C
CN1044447C CN94190008A CN94190008A CN1044447C CN 1044447 C CN1044447 C CN 1044447C CN 94190008 A CN94190008 A CN 94190008A CN 94190008 A CN94190008 A CN 94190008A CN 1044447 C CN1044447 C CN 1044447C
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塞尔维·弗雷瑟
克里斯汀·马劳特
皮勒·比蒂
简-马克·思库迪
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

在一个PSA型气体分离装置中，在截留水的第一床(A)和有分离吸附剂的第二床(B)之间提供一个特殊的中间气体通道部分(5)，向该部分供应受控热流，以避免在操作时在两个床层之间形成很冷的区域。
特别是在用空气制氧领域中的应用。

Description

用于分离混合气体生产气体的吸附方法和装置
本发明涉及在至少一个吸附装置中，通过分离含有某种气体的混合物来生产该种气体的方法，该吸附装置包括彼此串联的用于阻滞水的第一吸附床和用于分离的第二吸附床，该方法包括将混合气相继通过第一床和第二床的气体生产步骤。
众所周知，在所谓的PSA(变压吸附)类方法中，在操作过程中，在分离吸附床中会逐渐形成一个温度梯度，这会在分离床的上游部分造成一个特别冷的区域，特别是在操作约10小时后，这极大地影响了在真空和加压的周期操作中的产量，而且，操作压力越高(高于5×105帕)这个现象越严重。为了克服这一缺点，如在美国专利3,973,931中所述，曾提出加热待分离的混合气体，或者如上述专利中所述，将吸附床的上游部分浸到一个热源当中，还有最近在EP-A-502,627中也叙述了如在第一段中所定义的类似吸附装置。对于很小的装置，加热混合气体可给出满意的结果，但对于具有工业规模(大于每小时生产0.5吨气体的能力)的装置，则不起作用甚至禁止使用。在吸附床中加上有效的加热装置会大大增加生产成本。
本发明的目的在于提供一种只增加少量的生产成本和很低的操作费用就能简单而有效地特别是在压力高于7×105帕下制氧的分离工艺中基本上避免形成冷区的方法。
为此，按照本发明的一个特征，该方法包括如下几个步骤：提供一般不长的一段中间气体通道，建立第一床与第二床之间的联系，以及将一种热流，最好是受控制的和低强度的热流加到此中间通道以提高其温度，一般提高到不低于-20℃，优选不低于0℃。
按照本发明的其它特点：
-中间通道固定地与一个热源，比如一种气体和/或一个产热器建立热交换的关系；
-混合气体是为了生产有压力的氧而以高于7×105帕的压力向吸附装置供应的空气。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种为实施上述方法所用的吸附装置，在将要分离的气体生产回路中，它依次包括一个混合气体入口、第一和第二吸附床以及生产气的出口，其特征在于，它包括一段联接第一床层的至少一段下游部分和第二床层的至少一段上游部分的中间通道，而且该通道与在中间通道内至少以一个方向向流经的气体供应热流的装置相联。
按照本发明的更具体的特征：
-中间通道部分与一个热源，比如一种气体或一个产热器有热交换关系；
-第一床层与第二床层分别装在比如环形的第一和第二叠放的箱体中，这时中间通道也是环形的。
通过下面实例的叙述，本发明的其它特点及优点将不言而喻，这些实例参照附图用来说明，但不限制本发明。其中：
-图1是按照本发明生产高压气体所用吸附装置的示意图；
-图2是按照本发明在低压下高产率地生产的吸附装置的截面示意图；以及
-图3是图2的吸附装置的一种改进实例示意图。
在后文的叙述和附图中，同样的或相似的元件标有同样的数字，如有必要会另加说明。
如图1所示，一个用于生产高压氧的PSA型装置，如在先有技术中所知，一般包括至少两个相继排列的这种吸附单元。每个吸附单元依次包括(一个制氧相)一个压缩空气入口<1>、一个装有可截留下空气中的水和一氧化碳的材料(一般是氧化铝)，并与第二吸附床B相联的第一吸附床A，第二吸附床是适地截留下空气中的氮，让氧气通过的材料(一般是5A沸石)，还包括一个氧产品出口<2>。
按照本发明的一种情况，吸附床A和B在结构上是分开的，它们被置于相互分开的箱体<3>和<4>中，后两者之间由一比较短，一般直径要明显小于箱体<3>和<4>的缩径中间通道<5>相连。在第一床A的下游区和第二床B的上游区之间形成冷点的区域因此可以准确地被定位，而且通过中间短管<5>与周围大气(最好由翅片<6>来增效)进行换热，冷点形成区的温度会升高几十度(摄氏)。对于以压力约10×105帕的空气源制氧，当床A与床B是相邻的两个同样箱状体时，由于形成了温度低于-70℃的冷点，制氧的纯度不超过85％；使用了按照图1的吸附单元，冷点的温度达到约0℃，当生产率为约10Nm/h/m3时，产物氧的纯度超过了90％。随环境温度不同，可用装在中间短管<5>附近的加热电阻<7>将“冷”区温度调控在选定的范围(一般为0-20℃)，吸附装置的整体最好是保温的。
如图2所示，这如同在以本申请人的名义申请的1991年7月31日法国专利申请91.09718中所叙述的，是一个在所谓“真空”循环(该循环的高压为0.9-1.5×105帕，低压明显低于大气压)下操作具有高产率的制氧装置，它具有重叠放置的环状吸附床。在此实例中，每个床层都限制在具有同心打孔的管式壁的箱体中，它们上下相叠地放在一个外套<8>当中，在床层A与B的周围形成了一个环形气体通道<9A>和<9B>。经由入口通道<1>引入的加压供气通过下层氧化铝床层A沿径向外流过一直到达下通道<9A>，由<9A>经过上通道<9B>，该气体沿径向流过上层沸石床层B，氧气由中部通过出口管<2>。按照本发明，在通道<9A>与通道<9B>之间的连接区，通过一个隔板将氧化铝床A的上端与沸石床B的下端分隔开，在此处装有一个环形的加热电阻<10>，以避免在此界面区域形成很冷点。最好是在中间通道<9A>的下游地区附近安装电加热线圈或热流体加热环管<11>，藉此加热外套<8>以形成散热器，也可避免氧化铝床<A>的上部变冷。按照本发明更具体的特征，如上所述，整个中间通道<9A>和<9B>，因此也就包括层床A和B都用环状保温外套<12>包裹，比如可用加入了玻璃纤维的发泡聚苯乙烯包裹在外套<8>的外表面上。
图3的实例在下面这一点上与图2中及上述的法国专利中的例子不同，在此例子中，氧气的向下出口不在中心，而是在周围处，在B床层中间的中心区域<13>向上与环状通道<14>相通，<14>向下延伸到氧气出口<2>，并沿轴向夹在包有保温层的外套<8>与从外面包围着通道<9A>、<9B>的中间夹套<15>之间。以此方式，整个通道<9A>和<9B>都基本保持在离开上部B床的氧气产品的温度下，通过夹套<15>后，此温度又被降低。如有需要，如在图2中所述可以添加附加的电阻<10>和<11>。作为一种改型，可以在通道<9A>和<9B>之间的联接区附近，只安置一个环状的产气回路。
虽然用特定的实例叙述了本发明，在此并不限制，相反倒是可以接受对专业人员是明显的改变与变化。它可用于从含有不同的可为吸附层所吸附的组分的混合气中用PSA生产氧气以外的其它气体。

Claims (12)

1．通过在至少一个吸附单元中经变压吸附分离含有某种气体的混合气生产该气体的方法，该吸附单元含有至少一对成串相联的截留水的第一吸附床和用于分离气体的第二吸附床，该方法包括将混合气体依次通过第一床和第二床的生产气体的步骤，其特征在于还包括以下步骤：
-提供一种横截面比两个床的都小而且长度比第一床与第二床所限定流径短的中间气体通道部分，所述气体通道部分在第一和第二床之间建立气体联系；和
-用外部热源向该中间气体通道部分提供热流以提高其温度。
2．按照权利要求1的方法，其进一步包括将中间气体通道与热源建立连续热交换关系的步骤。
3．按照权利要求2的方法，其中热源是一种被加热的流体。
4．按照权利要求1的方法，其中气体混合物是空气，生产的气体是氧气。
5．按照权利要求4的方法，其中以高于7×105帕的压力向所述至少一个吸附单元提供空气。
6．按照权利要求1的方法，其中中间气体通道部分的温度保持大于或等于-20℃。
7．包含至少一个吸附线路的吸附单元，所述吸附路线包括至少一对成串相联的第一箱体和第二箱体，第一箱装有至少一个第一吸附床，第二箱体装有至少一个第二吸附床，还包括至少一个其横截面小于各吸附床的横截面长度小于第一和第二床所限定流径、具有一外表面并在第一和第二箱体之间建立直接流体流动联系的中间流体通道装置，及至少暂时向中间流体通道装置的外表面提供热流的外部加热装置。
8．按照权利要求7的吸附单元，其中第一和第二箱体及所述至少一个中间流体通道装置形成一个单一的组装体。
9．按照权利要求7的吸附单元，其中第一和第二箱体处于一个共同的壳体内。
11．按照权利要求10的吸附单元，其中壳体是至少部分绝热的。
12．按照权利要求10的吸附单元，其包括使流体传送穿过第一和第二吸附床、在壳体底部终止以与外部流体流动回流装置连接的一种流体流动通道装置。
13．按照权利要求7的吸附单元，其中第一和第二箱体为环状，并呈垂直相邻的阶层关系。
CN94190008A 1993-01-08 1994-01-04 用于分离混合气体生产气体的吸附方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1044447C (zh)

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CA2131635A1 (fr) 1994-07-21
FR2700276A1 (fr) 1994-07-13
DE69423817T2 (de) 2000-10-12
WO1994015699A1 (fr) 1994-07-21
EP0630283A1 (fr) 1994-12-28
DE69423817D1 (de) 2000-05-11
EP0630283B1 (fr) 2000-04-05
US5520721A (en) 1996-05-28
FR2700276B1 (fr) 1995-02-10
CN1101484A (zh) 1995-04-12
ES2145822T3 (es) 2000-07-16
JPH07504362A (ja) 1995-05-18

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