CN104437035A - Multi-stage exhausting and deodorization device for livestock and poultry houses - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-stage exhaust deodorization device for livestock and poultry houses, which comprises an air exhaust port installed on the wall of the livestock and poultry houses, an air exhaust fan, an exhaust collection pipe and three-stage exhaust gas when the waste gas is discharged from the livestock and poultry houses. stage filtering device; the fan draws the air out of the livestock and poultry house in the form of negative pressure; the deodorizing device is divided into a dust-blocking diversion module, a spray module and a biological filtration module, and the bottom of the spray module is connected to the underground drain, and the biological filtration module A soil moisture sensor is installed inside, and an automatic rain-proof roller shutter is installed above. The invention calculates and designs the specific size of the livestock and poultry house according to the actual measurement data of the proposed site and evaluates it, which not only effectively prevents the odor from being discharged into the outside air to pollute the air, but also prevents the spread of livestock and poultry diseases while the exhaust is clean , In the long run, it is more economical than the exhaust deodorization method of traditional livestock and poultry houses.

Description

A multi-stage exhaust deodorization device for livestock and poultry houses

technical field

The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, in particular to an exhaust deodorization device for livestock and poultry houses.

Background technique

China has always been a big country of livestock and poultry, and the demand for various types of meat such as pork, mutton, and chicken is very alarming. With the improvement of the living standard of our people, the establishment of the concept of balanced diet and the continuous growth of the population base, the consumption of meat food in our country has been in a period of vigorous growth for a considerable period of time, which has stimulated the prosperity and development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry. However, with the rapid development of the livestock and poultry industry and intensive breeding as the main breeding method, the phenomenon that livestock and poultry concentrate produces a large amount of stench and pollutes the air environment is also becoming more and more serious. In response to the "Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control" promulgated by the State Council of my country in September 2013, the primary problem that needs to be solved urgently in livestock and poultry farming is the treatment of stench.

The pollution components of livestock and poultry excrement are very complex, mainly including: nitrogen, phosphorus and other water eutrophic substances; ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, methylamine, dimethyl sulfide and other odorous gases; iron, zinc, manganese, cobalt , iodine and other mineral elements; copper, arsenic, mercury, selenium and other heavy metal substances; antibiotics, antioxidants, hormones and other veterinary drug residues; In addition, there are some dust in the exhaust gas and so on. Among them, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, VOCs, odor, microorganisms, etc. need to be mainly treated intensively.

At present, the main deodorization technologies at home and abroad include adsorption method, deodorant method, thermal oxidation method, washing method, biological filtration method and oxygen ion group deodorization method. Most domestic farms still use traditional deodorization methods, such as ventilation, spraying, etc., but these methods are inefficient and easy to cause secondary pollution. Biofiltration technology uses a filter device to filter and separate the suspended particles carrying the odor mixture, and then uses the microorganisms attached to the surface of the filter material in the biofilter to biodegrade the odor gas, thereby providing energy and nutrients for its own metabolism. The deodorization method has moderate investment, low energy consumption, quick effect, low operating cost, high efficiency, and no secondary pollution. It is especially suitable for dealing with the odor emitted by livestock and poultry farms, so it has become a research hotspot in this field.

The patent document with the publication number CN103721564A discloses a photocatalytic- _ClO2 combined deodorization device, including an isolation net and a spraying device, through which the photocatalyst on the isolation net arranged around the deodorization space degrades the air-heavy malodorous substances, And spray _ClO2 disinfectant to the deodorizing space. Although this invention uses sunlight as the light source to reduce the cost of deodorization, it is unavoidable that secondary pollution will occur directly to the open environment for disinfection and deodorization.

The patent document with the publication number CN101336616A discloses a deodorizing and dehumidifying device for breeding. The upper part of the livestock and poultry house is provided with an air outlet of the livestock and poultry house, and the air inlet of the livestock and poultry house is connected with an air heater. In addition, the air inlet of the livestock and poultry house is arranged in the livestock and poultry house; a fan is installed at the front end or rear end of the air heater or the air outlet of the livestock and poultry house. However, this device focuses on the front-end deodorization and dehumidification application, and the rear-end treatment and emission are not considered too much.

Therefore, from the current point of view, there is no ideal technology that can effectively and economically remove the odor of pig houses and avoid secondary pollution. The exhaust deodorization adopted in the present invention avoids the pollution of the external environment through unified collection, spraying, biological filtration, and exhaust. At the same time, combined with biological treatment and multi-level module assembly, a set of pig houses with multiple Level exhaust deodorization device.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the stench problem in the livestock and poultry house, the invention provides a multi-stage deodorization device for exhaust gas in the livestock and poultry house, so as to improve the environmental pollution problem of animal husbandry.

To this end, the following technical scheme is adopted: a multi-stage exhaust deodorization device for livestock and poultry houses, including an air exhaust port installed on the wall of the livestock and poultry house, an exhaust fan, an exhaust collection pipe and exhaust gas discharged from the livestock and poultry Sheshi's three-stage filter device; the exhaust fan is installed at the front end of the filter device. The filter device is divided into a dust-blocking and diversion module, a spray module and a biological filter module. The dust-block and diversion module is the first stage, and the spray module is connected below The underground drainage outlet is characterized in that: the air in the livestock and poultry house first passes through the ventilation and air collection module, is ventilated by the fan under negative pressure, enters the exhaust collection pipe through the exhaust outlet, and then passes through the dust-blocking and diversion module, spraying The three-stage filtration device of the biofiltration module and the biological filtration module performs filtration treatment and is finally discharged outside the house.

Further, the biofiltration module uses a mixture of compost and sawdust with a mass ratio of 30:70 as a filler. The compost is organic solid waste from farms, and livestock and poultry manure fermentation bacteria are added. After the temperature is raised to 60-80°C, ferment for 5 - Made in 10 days; Soil moisture sensor installed in the fill layer.

Further, the ventilation and gas collection module includes an air exhaust port, an exhaust air collection pipe and an exhaust fan.

Furthermore, the dust-blocking and diversion module is constructed of anti-corrosion wood materials, and at the same time, the device has a diversion effect on the discharge of odor.

Further, the spray module adopts spray spray.

Further, the exhaust air collection pipe encloses the air exhaust outlet on the exhaust air side of the pig house.

Further, the quantity, area size and position of the air exhaust outlets are determined after calculating the parameters measured on the spot.

Further, an automatic rainproof roller shutter is installed above the biological filtration module.

Further, the soil moisture sensor is installed at half the height of the filler; there is a certain gap in the lower part of the filler, and there is a plastic net to support the filler.

Further, the waste gas in the exhaust air collection pipe is drawn into the filter device by the fan, and the air intake and exhaust ventilation system adopts a combination of positive pressure air supply and negative pressure exhaust air.

The quantity, area size and position of the air outlets are determined after calculation. The specific calculation involves the temperature, humidity and wind speed data collected on the spot at the air supply outlet, information on the proposed location and size of the exhaust outlet, the size and quantity of the proposed ventilation outlet, and related reference materials. It is mainly based on three basic laws: the law of conservation of mass, the law of conservation of energy and the law of conservation of momentum.

The corresponding mass conservation equation established is:

         

ρ is the density, t is the time, u is the velocity vector, u, v and w are the components of the velocity vector u in the x, y and z directions.

The energy conservation equation with temperature as a variable:

       

can be expanded to:

Among them, Cp is the specific heat capacity, T is the temperature, k is the heat transfer coefficient of the fluid, ST is the internal heat source of the fluid and the part where the mechanical energy of the fluid is converted into heat energy due to the action of viscosity, sometimes referred to as the viscous dissipation item.

Momentum conservation equations in x, y, z directions:

  

In the formula, p is the pressure on the fluid micro-element; etc. are the components of the viscous stress τ acting on the surface of the micro-element due to molecular viscosity; Fx, Fy, and Fz are the physical forces on the micro-element respectively.

Since the air flow in the pig house environment is basically turbulent, the corresponding turbulence model equation can be established:

     

G _k is the turbulent kinetic energy caused by the average velocity gradient; G _b is the turbulent kinetic energy caused by buoyancy; Y _m is the effect of compressible turbulent fluctuation expansion on the total dissipation rate; α _k and α _ε are the turbulent kinetic energy k and dissipation rate, respectively ε is the reciprocal of the effective turbulent Prandtl.

After calculation, the distribution of pollutants in the corresponding livestock and poultry house is obtained, the discharge path is determined, and the position of the exhaust outlet is finally determined, and the optimization of exhaust gas discharge is achieved through reasonable quantity and size design.

The spray module adopts spray spray. After spraying with water, a large amount of ammonia gas can be dissolved in water, and the spray type can dissolve ammonia gas in a wider range, thereby eliminating most of the ammonia gas. The atomized spray can also make the dust be absorbed and fall to the ground, and also prevent the spread of microbial aerosols attached to the dust surface.

The biofiltration module uses a mixture of compost and sawdust with a mass ratio of 30:70 as a filler. The compost is organic solid waste from farms, and livestock and poultry feces fermentation bacteria are added. After the temperature is raised to 60-80C, ferment for 5-10 days A soil moisture sensor is installed in the filler layer, and the soil moisture sensor can be installed at half the height of the filler; there is a certain gap in the lower part of the filler, and there is a plastic net to support the filler.

Organic solid waste is produced in the farm itself, such as livestock and poultry manure, etc. Livestock and poultry manure fermenting bacteria are also called compost rapid decomposition starter, which can deodorize, rapidly ferment and decompose livestock and poultry manure, and can be decomposed after fermentation. The process of thorough fermentation, decomposing, sterilization and deodorization of food. After about a week of rapid dehydration, killing weed seeds and stabilizing the process, the total mass of decomposed waste is greatly reduced, Escherichia coli, insect eggs and weed seeds are all killed, and the decomposed matter turns brown, Loose, odorless and tasteless bioactive fertilizer with a water content of about 25%. In the present invention, the filler material is provided for the biological filtration module, and at the same time, the fermenting bacteria of livestock and poultry feces are naturally attached to the filler to form a biological layer.

The exhausted exhaust gas is sucked by the exhaust fan and enters the exhaust air collection pipe through the exhaust outlet, and a part of the dust is intercepted by the dust blocking and diversion module, and then passes through the spray module and the biological filter module in sequence, and finally completes the exhaust. Among them, the spraying module adopts spray spraying, which generates mist water droplets to settle the dust in the malodorous gas, and makes the water droplets react with the ammonia in the odorous gas, and at the same time adjusts the humidity of the malodorous gas entering the biological filtration system. When passing through the biological filter module, the waste gas passes through the packing evenly from the bottom of the packing layer upwards, and passes through the microbial layer in the packing. In this microbial layer, the odor is oxidized and decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, and the mineral salts formed remain in the filler and the organisms. At the same time, in order to obtain the moisture information of the filler in time, a soil moisture sensor is installed inside the biofilter. The sensor is mounted at half the height of the fill.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

The multi-stage exhaust gas deodorization device provided by the invention collects the exhaust gas from livestock and poultry houses through pipelines for unified treatment, which can be more thorough and efficient. The three-stage filter device is used for efficient deodorization. First, a part of the dust is intercepted by the dust blocking and diversion module to make it settle, and then a spray dust suppression device is used to remove a large amount of dust and ammonia through sprayed water droplets, and adjust the humidity of the odor, and then use a biological filter to remove the odor Odor pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide and VOC in the air. The cost of this method is low. The thickness and shape of the buried layer of the biological filter can be designed and constructed according to the actual situation of the livestock and poultry house, and the filler in it can be replaced every 2 to 3 years. It has strong adaptability, and the air collection, spraying and biological filtration are all modularized. Designed and easy to install, it can prevent the spread of livestock and poultry diseases while purifying the exhaust.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall installation of this embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a partial installation diagram of the filter device in this embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a partial schematic diagram of the biological filtration module of this embodiment.

In the figure, 1. Pig house, 2. Exhaust air outlet, 3. Exhaust air collection pipe, 4. Fan, 5. Filter module, 51. Nozzle, 6. Automatic rain-proof roller shutter, 7. Underground drain, 8. Biological filter, 81, nozzle, 82, packing layer, 83, plastic net, 84, soil moisture sensor.

Detailed ways

See attached picture. In this embodiment, the air exhaust collection duct 3 including the exhaust air outlet 2 installed on the wall of the pig house 1 and the dust-shielding diversion air outlet, the air exhaust outlet 2 is provided with nine, and the size of the air outlet is 275 mm in diameter; The fan 4 is a positive pressure variable frequency centrifugal fan of model 4-68 NO. 6.3D, and the fan is installed between the exhaust collection pipe and the filter module; The collection pipeline 3 is then processed through the filter module 5 and the biological filter 8, and finally the waste gas deodorization and exhaust process is completed.

The deodorization structure includes a filter module 5 and a biological filter 8. The filter module 5 adopts spray spray adsorption, and the nozzle 51 adopts a water mist nozzle to ensure that the extracted odor can be completely in contact with the water mist, so that the ammonia in the odor The gas is fully dissolved in water to form ammonia water, and it is discharged into the waste water treatment pipeline through the underground drain 7 through the collecting ditch. At the same time, the dust is also blocked when the exhaust gas passes through the water curtain, and falls to the ground to be removed.

After spraying treatment, the waste gas is pre-treated to remove dust and humidify, so that the odor evenly passes through the filler from the bottom of the filler layer 82, that is, through the biological filter 8. The biolayer formed in the middle, on which the microorganisms oxidize and decompose the ozone into carbon dioxide and water, the formed mineral salts remain in the filler and the organisms, and the clean air leaves the biofilter 8. The filler of the filler layer 82 adopts compost and sawdust with a mass ratio of 30:70. The sawdust can provide gaps and structural support. The compost provides the necessary nutrients for the normal life activities of microorganisms. It is produced by Shijiazhuang Waterway Company. Special bacteria strains for organic fertilizer fermentation can play the role of water storage and moisturizing, and there is also a plastic net 83 to support the filler. The thickness of the filler is set at 400mm, and the EBCT (gas retention time) of 5s is adopted. A soil moisture sensor 84 is installed at half the height of the filler to obtain the moisture information of the filler in time. The high temperature in summer will make the water content of the biofilter 8 too low, so five nozzles 81 need to be installed on the top of the biofilter, so that the whole biofilter 8 is fully and evenly humidified. And then generally do not need shower head 81 to carry out extra humidification to it in winter. However, considering geographical and climate reasons, the southern region is generally affected by typhoons in summer and it rains heavily. In order to prevent the bio-filtration transposition from being destroyed, an automatic rain-proof roller shutter 6 is installed above the bio-filtration transposition.

Exhaust gas is pumped from the pig house 1 by the fan 4 and enters the exhaust collection pipe 3 through the air outlet 2, and is sequentially treated by the filter module 5 and the biological filter 8. The treated ammonia enters the drainage pipe through the underground drain 7, and the odor passes through The treatment is discharged from the biofilter 8 .

Claims (10)

1. for a multistage exhaust odor removal for poultry house, comprise the exhaust outlet be arranged on poultry house wall, blower fan of bleeding, air draft collection conduit and waste gas discharge three-level filter device during poultry house; Assembling of bleeding is held before the filtering means, filter is divided into dust-break water conservancy diversion module, spray module and biofiltration module, dust-break water conservancy diversion module is the first order, subdrainage mouth is connected below spray module, it is characterized in that: in poultry house, air is first by ventilation gas collection module, carry out exhaust ventilation by blower fan to bleed, air draft collection conduit is entered by exhaust outlet, three-level filter device then by comprising dust-break water conservancy diversion module, spray module and biofiltration module carries out filtration treatment, outside final discharge house.

2. a kind of multistage exhaust odor removal for poultry house according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described biofiltration module adopts mass ratio to be that the compost of 30:70 and wood chip mixture are as filler, described compost is plant's organic solid castoff, add livestock manure fermented bacterium, after being warming up to 60-80C, fermenting and form for 5-10 days; In packing layer, soil humidity sensor is installed.

3. a kind of multistage exhaust odor removal for poultry house according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described ventilation gas collection module comprises exhaust outlet, air draft collection conduit and blower fan of bleeding.

4. a kind of multistage exhaust odor removal for poultry house according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described dust-break water conservancy diversion module adopts anticorrosive wood material to build, and this device is discharged foul smell and had guide functions simultaneously.

5. a kind of multistage exhaust odor removal for poultry house according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described spray module adopts atomizing spray.

6. a kind of multistage exhaust odor removal for poultry house according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described air draft collection conduit is by the exhaust outlet enclosure of pig house air draft side.

7. a kind of multistage exhaust odor removal for poultry house according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the quantity of described exhaust outlet and size and position are calculated by surveyed parameter on the spot to be determined later.

8. a kind of multistage exhaust odor removal for poultry house according to claim 1, is characterized in that, install automatic rainproof roller shutter above described biofiltration module.

9. a kind of multistage exhaust odor removal for poultry house according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described soil humidity sensor is arranged on the height of filler half; Filler bottom has a fixed gap, and has plastic wire to support filler.

10. a kind of multistage exhaust odor removal for poultry house according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, waste gas in described air draft collection conduit enters filter by exhaust fan, the mode that intake and exhaust ventilating system adopts forced draft, ventilation and negative pressure ventilation combines.