CN104432072B - A kind of processing method of chinquapin pollen oral solution - Google Patents
A kind of processing method of chinquapin pollen oral solution Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of processing method of chinquapin pollen oral solution, comprise the steps: that (1) pollen collecting is preserved; (2) the external sprouting broken wall of pollen; (3) clean; (4) defibrination; (5) enzymolysis; (6) ultrasonic extraction; (7) filter; (8) NF membrane concentrates; (9) local flavor adjustment; (10) homogeneous; (11) filling; (12) ultra-high pressure sterilization; (13) finished product detection.The chinquapin pollen oral solution of gained of the present invention extracts nutritional labeling wherein to greatest extent by adopting the technical measures such as the external sprouting broken wall of pollen, adopts NF membrane to concentrate to preserve to greatest extent with the technical measures such as ultra-high pressure sterilization nutritional labeling wherein simultaneously.Product of the present invention is not only of high nutritive value, and sour and sweet palatability, the pollen fragrance that tool is strong, and dissolution homogeneity is stablized, taking convenience.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food processing field, be specifically related to a kind of processing method of chinquapin pollen oral solution.
Background technology
Pollen is plant male gametes body, is present in male pollen bag, containing the multiple nutrients material needed for Human Physiology, as multivitamin, amino acid and bioactivator etc., is called as " miniature nutrition library ".Modern science studies and clinical application has affirmed fully the medical care effect of pollen.Pollen all has certain auxiliary therapeutic action to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, prostate cancer, hyperplasia of prostate, anaemia, diabetes and asthma etc.In addition, pollen also has antifatigue, strengthens muscle power, strengthens memory, improves brain function, strengthens hypoxia-bearing capability, regulates endocrine, improvement function and the anti-ageing effect of waiting for a long time, but, because pollen has tough and tensile cell membrane, sporopollenin in its structure has acidproof, alkaline-resisting, resistance to gentle voltage endurance, and to hydrochloric acid in gastric juice and the highly stable physicochemical property of other digestive system enzymes, human body is difficult to the nutriment directly digested and assimilated wherein, the deep development that greatly have impact on pollen utilizes.
Along with domestic and international going deep into pollen research, achievement in research gets more and more, but research object mainly concentrates on peak pollen and pollen pini, technical elements then mainly broken wall.The achievement in research of pollen broken wall aspect, in peak pollen supercritical carbonic anhydride wall-breaking method disclosed in ZL200810007855.1, describe and peak pollen is put into supercritical carbon dioxide extraction apparatus, by the huge pressure reduction produced inside and outside pollen cell born of the same parents when opening air bleeding valve emptying carbon dioxide and the method for breaking; Disclosed in ZL201210244434.7, peak pollen polysaccharide enzymolysis broken wall is in conjunction with in the ultrasonic leach extraction method of hot water, describes the processing method of enzymolysis broken wall in conjunction with ultrasonic heat flooding; In a kind of pollen broken wall, desensitization, the method for water soluble ingredient extraction and the water-soluble pollen cream of preparation thereof disclosed in ZL20121000417880.3, describe the effect of pollen by enzymes such as glycosidase, protease and peptases, and the water soluble ingredient in pollen is extracted in some other processing measure, and then make the method for pollen cream; In the air vapor coupling gas explosion wall-breaking method of a kind of pollen disclosed in ZL201110034102.1, describe and pollen is placed in gas explosion supplies room, by passing into pressure-air and steam, opening valve after maintaining high pressure certain hour and carrying out gas explosion, allow the method for pollen broken wall.These technical methods develop for China's pollen resource and serve useful impetus.But pollen wall has hard outer wall, have very strong resistance to chemical attack and radioresistens, current process for breaking wall of pollen is also not satisfactory, and product quality also has certain distance from the requirement of consumer.According to statistics, the current Utilization of Pollen Resources rate of China is only 4-5%, and a large amount of pollen resource urgently Devoting Major Efforts To Developing utilizes.
Chinquapin is one of important woody grain seeds of China.In recent years, along with expanding economy, chinquapin cultivated area constantly expands, and some areas are improve the method that output tries artificial supplementary pollination.Chinquapin male flower pollen in fact quantity is comparatively large, occurs that empty shell rate is higher, mainly causes because Pollination Fertilization is bad.After adopting artificial supplementary pollination, male flower pollen amount is just excessive, is the research utilizing the abundant nutrition composition in pollen therefore to carry out chinquapin pollen oral solution.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of sporoderm-broken rate high, nutritious, with low cost, the processing method of chinquapin pollen oral solution easy and simple to handle.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
The processing method of described chinquapin pollen oral solution comprises the steps:
(1) pollen external sprouting broken wall: the chinquapin pollen with higher vigor that keeps of going bail for joins and gone out in the culture medium of bacterium, be carry out In vitro Suspension under the condition of 24 DEG C ~ 27 DEG C to cultivate 8h ~ 12h in temperature, pollen is allowed fully to sprout, until pollen tube stops growing substantially; Described culture medium is formulated by the raw material of following mass percent: sucrose 10% ~ 12%, boric acid 0.015% ~ 0.020%, calcium chloride 0.01% ~ 0.015%, and remainder is water;
(2) clean: in culture medium, add weight is that the distilled water of culture medium weight 2 ~ 3 times dilutes, and distilled water temperature is 25 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, then uses 200 ~ 300 mesh filter screen suction filtrations, takes out the pollen after cultivating; Then repeat above-mentioned dilution, suction filtration operation with distilled water, obtain sprouting pollen;
(3) defibrination: join defibrination in stainless steel fiberizer after being mixed with distilled water by sprouting pollen in the ratio of material-water ratio 1 ︰ 3 ~ 4, slurries 80 ~ 100 object strainer filterings, filter residue adds stainless steel paste mill grinding again;
(4) enzymolysis: the slurries obtained by defibrination move into multifunctional stainless steel extractor, be heated to 40 ~ 45 DEG C, then the pectase of slurries quality 0.04 ~ 0.06% is added, insulated and stirred 1.0 ~ 1.5h, then 100 ~ 105 DEG C are heated to rapidly, insulation 10 ~ 15min, allows enzyme deactivation, obtains the slurries after enzymolysis;
(5) ultrasonic extraction: with the slurries after ultrasonic extraction device oscillation extraction enzymolysis; The frequency of ultrasonic extraction device is 20 ~ 25kHz, extraction temperature 60 ~ 65 DEG C, and extraction time is 30 ~ 40min; Extract 100 ~ 120 order filter screen filtration, obtain residue, and residue being added weight is carry out the extraction of second time supersonic oscillations in the distilled water of residue weight 1 ~ 2 times, and supersonic oscillations extraction conditions is with first time; Extract 100 ~ 120 order filter screen filtration; The filtered fluid merging twice extraction gained is for subsequent use to stainless steel storage tank;
(6) filter: by filtered fluid again through 120 ~ 140 object strainer filterings, carry out essence with diatomite filter after removing large particulate matter wherein and insoluble substance and filter, remove wherein fine solid particles material, obtain smart filtrate;
(7) NF membrane concentrates: after smart filtrate is cooled to 30 ~ 35 DEG C, sends into nanofiltration membrane component and carries out filtering and concentrating, regulate NF membrane outlet valve, make filter pressure reach 1.5 ~ 2.0MPa, obtain filtered solution and concentrate; Filtered solution sends into Clear liquid tank, and concentrate is concentrated into when solid content reaches 8.0 ~ 8.5% and sends into concentration tank, completes concentration process, obtains concentrate semi-finished product;
(8) local flavor adjustment: local flavor is adjusted material and join in pollen concentrate, more even through stirring and dissolving, obtain the chinquapin pollen oral solution after allotment; Chinquapin pollen oral solution is made up of the component of following mass percent: 2 ~ 3% honey, 3 ~ 4% white granulated sugars, 0.1 ~ 0.2% citric acid, 0.01 ~ 0.02% xanthans, all the other are pollen concentrate;
(9) homogeneous: homogeneous twice after the chinquapin pollen oral solution after allotment is warming up to 45 ~ 50 DEG C, homogenization pressure is 35 ~ 40MPa for the first time, and the time is 20 ~ 25min, and second time homogenization pressure is 15 ~ 20MPa, and the time is 8 ~ 10min; Obtain the chinquapin pollen oral solution after homogeneous;
(10) filling: filling by carrying out Soft Roll after the chinquapin pollen oral solution sterilizing after homogeneous, filling liquid temp requires to reach 50 ~ 55 DEG C, packaging material PET/AL/CPP compound retort pouch; Detect seal leak situation with water after filling and sealing, reject seepage product; Obtain flexible package chinquapin pollen oral solution;
(11) ultra-high pressure sterilization: flexible package chinquapin pollen oral solution is placed in airtight ultrahigh pressure vessel, use water as medium to impose the pressure of 400 ~ 600MPa to flexible package chinquapin pollen oral solution, water temperature is 40 ~ 50 DEG C, and sterilization time is 10 ~ 20min; Obtain chinquapin pollen oral solution finished product.Again detect seepage situation with water, be qualifiedly final finished.
Wherein, the chinquapin pollen of step (1) described preservation is collected as follows: gather in fine day 8:00 ~ 12:00 in the morning and just open or be about to open flower, fetch with sulfuric acid paper bag.Room temperature is under the condition of 22 ~ 25 DEG C, is spread by flower pesticide on template, dries 20h ~ 25h, after flower pesticide nature loose powder, collect pollen, collects pollen and is placed in the low temperature refrigerator preservation of-20 ~-30 DEG C to keep Pollen Activity.The nanofiltration membrane component of step (7) described nanofiltration membrane component to be model be DK2540.Step (11) described ultrahigh pressure vessel is S-F600/Q600-S3 temperature control super-pressure experimental machine.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
1) the present invention has thoroughly broken the hard shell of pollen wall by the external sprouting of pollen, its content more easily extracts, decrease the difficult of mechanical breaking-wall method, decrease the complicated process of enzymatic shell-broken and the not thorough of broken wall, extracted the nutritional labeling in pollen to greatest extent;
2) the present invention adopts NF membrane to concentrate chinquapin pollen extracting liquid, and owing to not having high temperature to concentrate for a long time, its nutritional labeling can farthest be protected;
3) the present invention adopts ultra-high pressure sterilization (UHP), and its treatment temperature only has about 50 DEG C, and the time is also no more than 20min, and its nutritional labeling is not destroyed substantially, and therefore the nutritive value of product is just higher;
In a word, instant invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of preparation method of chinquapin pollen oral solution, obtained oral liquid is not only of high nutritive value, and sweet mouthfeel is fine and smooth, and dissolution homogeneity is stablized, taking convenience.
Specific implementation method
The processing method of described chinquapin pollen oral solution comprises the steps:
(1) pollen collecting is preserved
Gather just open chinquapin flower in fine day 8:00 ~ 12:00 in the morning, fetch with sulfuric acid paper bag.Room temperature is under the condition of 24 DEG C, is spread by flower pesticide on template, dries 24h, after its natural loose powder, collect pollen.Collect pollen and be placed in the low temperature refrigerator preservation of-25 DEG C to keep Pollen Activity;
(2) the external sprouting broken wall of pollen
Take various material in proportion and be made into culture medium, heating for dissolving mixes.Culture medium is formulated by the raw material of following mass percent: sucrose 10%, boric acid 0.017%, calcium chloride 0.015%, and remainder is pure water.Culture medium wait bacterium of having gone out adds chinquapin pollen after cooling naturally, stirs gently, is carry out In vitro Suspension under the condition of 25 DEG C to cultivate 10h, allows pollen germination, until pollen tube stops growing in temperature.
Adopt 4 kinds of method process chinquapin pollen such as mechanical crushing broken wall, complex enzyme process broken wall, external sprouting broken wall and contrast (not dealing with) respectively, then use biomicroscope to carry out microscopy to chinquapin pollen samples, determine pollen whether broken wall.(see table 1)
Table 14 kind of wall-breaking method is on the impact of shell-broken effect
Note: in table, different letter representation adopts ANOVA to check difference to reach 1% level of signifiance, lower same.
Although pollen is containing abundant nutritional labeling, pollen has tough and tensile cell membrane, not easily for human body is digested and assimilated.Therefore vital operation during its broken wall has become pollen to process.As can be seen from Table 1, mechanical crushing broken wall, complex enzyme process broken wall and contrast are compared with external sprouting pollen broken wall, and external sprouting sporoderm-broken rate is significantly higher than other several method, and wherein the sporoderm-broken rate of control group is minimum.
(3) clean
Add the distilled water diluting of 30 DEG C by 3 times of culture medium quality, slowly stir, with 200 mesh filter screen suction filtrations, take out and sprout pollen, and then clean with the distilled water of pollen quality 3 times, water temperature is 30 DEG C, and then with 200 mesh filter screen suction filtrations, obtains sprouting pollen;
(4) defibrination
Sprout pollen and be mixed to join defibrination in stainless steel fiberizer in the ratio that material-water ratio is 1 ︰ 3, slurries 100 object strainer filterings, filter residue rejoins fiberizer and carries out secondary operations, and get filtrate, residue need not.
(5) enzymolysis
Defibrination gained slurries are moved in multifunctional stainless steel extractor, is heated to 45 DEG C, then adds the pectase of slurries quality 0.05%, insulation 1.0h, and constantly stir.Pectinase treatment terminates to be heated to rapidly 105 DEG C afterwards, maintains 15min, allows enzyme deactivation;
(6) ultrasonic extraction
Enzymolysis slurries carry out oscillation extraction with ultrasonic extraction device again.The frequency of ultrasonic extraction device is 20kHz, and extraction temperature is 60 DEG C, and extraction time is 35min.Extracted rear use 100 order filter screen filtration, the distilled water that residue adds 2 times again carries out the extraction of second time supersonic oscillations and filters (extraction conditions is with first time).Merge the filtered fluid of twice extraction gained in stainless steel storage tank.For the extract nutritional labeling testing result adopting 4 kinds of pollen processing methods to prepare respectively in table 2.As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control, in the pollen extract of mechanical crushing broken wall, complex enzyme process broken wall, external sprouting broken wall treatment, Vc content and amino acid content all have remarkable increase.Best with external sprouting broken wall treatment effect in 3 kinds of methods, in mechanical crushing broken wall and complex enzyme process broken wall gained extract, Vc content is close with amino acid content.
Table 24 kind of pollen processing method is on the impact of extract Middle nutrition component content
(7) filter
Extract, through 120 object strainer filterings, removes the large particulate matter in extract and some insoluble substances.Then carry out essence filter with diatomite filter, fine solid particles material in removing liquid, to ensure the clear of product.Obtain smart filtrate;
(8) NF membrane concentrates
It is that the nanofiltration membrane component of DK2540 carries out filtering and concentrating that essence filtrate force (forcing) pump pressurized delivered enters model, regulates NF membrane outlet valve, makes filter pressure reach 1.5MPa.Extract is divided into filtered solution and concentrate after nanofiltration membrane.Filtered solution enters Clear liquid tank, and concentrate is concentrated into when solid content reaches 8.0% and enters concentration tank, completes concentrated;
(9) local flavor adjustment
The mouthfeel of pollen concentrate not accept by most people, therefore need suitably to adjust.Be added into honey, white granulated sugar, citric acid and xanthans respectively in concentrate, can not only mouthfeel be improved, and the stability of oral liquid can be improved.The Analyses Methods for Sensory Evaluation Results of the pollen oral solution of 3 kinds of formulas is in table 3.As can be seen from Table 3,3 kinds of oral liquids all can accept by consumer, stable in properties.
Table 3 different formulations is on the impact of pollen oral solution mouthfeel
(10) homogeneous
Oral liquid after allotment uses homogenizer homogeneous after being warming up to 45 DEG C, and homogenization pressure is 35MPa for the first time, and the time is 25min, and second time homogenization pressure is 15MPa, and the time is 9min.By homogeneous to ensure the stability of product;
(11) filling
Oral liquid after sterilizing is transported to rapidly in bottle placer that to carry out Soft Roll filling, and filling liquid temp requires to reach 50 DEG C ~ 55 DEG C, packaging material PET/AL/CPP compound retort pouch.Detect seal leak situation with water after filling and sealing, reject seepage product;
(12) ultra-high pressure sterilization (UHP)
Be placed in by flexible package oral liquid in temperature control super-pressure experimental machine that airtight model is S-F600/Q600-S3, use water as the flexible package of medium oral disposition liquid imposes the pressure of 600MPa, water temperature is 45 DEG C, and sterilization time is 15min.
Ultra-high pressure sterilization can not cause the temperature of food to raise, on the original color of food and nutritional labeling impact less, but can allow enzyme deactivation, kill bacteria.As can be seen from Table 4, after adopting ultra-high pressure sterilization, bacterium can be killed substantially, reaches the effect of pasteurize.In solution after 3 kinds of sterilization method sterilizings, what vitamin C loss was minimum is adopt ultra-high pressure sterilization.No matter adopt which kind of sterilization method can not make a significant impact the amino acid content of solution and total acid content.
Table 4 ultra-high pressure sterilization and common sterilization method are on the impact of bacterium and product quality
(13) finished product detection
Product detects seepage situation with water again.Remove after moisture and pack, detect qualified after be finished product.
Claims (4)
1. a processing method for chinquapin pollen oral solution, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
(1) the external sprouting broken wall of pollen: the chinquapin pollen that keeps of going bail for joins and gone out in the culture medium of bacterium, is carry out In vitro Suspension under the condition of 24 DEG C ~ 27 DEG C to cultivate 8h ~ 12h in temperature, allows pollen fully sprout, until pollen tube stops growing substantially; Described culture medium is formulated by the raw material of following mass percent: sucrose 10% ~ 12%, boric acid 0.015% ~ 0.020%, calcium chloride 0.01% ~ 0.015%, and remainder is water;
(2) clean: in culture medium, add weight is that the distilled water of culture medium weight 2 ~ 3 times dilutes, and distilled water temperature is 25 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, then uses 200 ~ 300 mesh filter screen suction filtrations, takes out the pollen after cultivating; Then repeat above-mentioned dilution, suction filtration operation with distilled water, obtain sprouting pollen;
(3) defibrination: will sprout pollen in the ratio of material-water ratio 1 ︰ 3 ~ 4 and mix rear defibrination with distilled water, slurries 80 ~ 100 object strainer filterings, filter residue is defibrination again;
(4) enzymolysis: the slurries obtained by defibrination are heated to 40 ~ 45 DEG C, then adds the pectase of slurries quality 0.04 ~ 0.06%, insulated and stirred 1.0 ~ 1.5h, then 100 ~ 105 DEG C are heated to, insulation 10 ~ 15min, allows enzyme deactivation, obtains the slurries after enzymolysis;
(5) ultrasonic extraction: with the slurries after ultrasonic extraction device oscillation extraction enzymolysis; The frequency of ultrasonic extraction device is 20 ~ 25kHz, extraction temperature 60 ~ 65 DEG C, and extraction time is 30 ~ 40min; Extract 100 ~ 120 order filter screen filtration, obtain residue, and residue being added weight is carry out the extraction of second time supersonic oscillations in the distilled water of residue weight 1 ~ 2 times, and supersonic oscillations extraction conditions is with first time; Extract 100 ~ 120 order filter screen filtration; The filtered fluid merging twice extraction gained is for subsequent use;
(6) filter: by filtered fluid again through 120 ~ 140 object strainer filterings, carry out essence after removing large particulate matter wherein and insoluble substance and filter, remove wherein fine solid particles material, obtain smart filtrate;
(7) NF membrane concentrates: after smart filtrate is cooled to 30 ~ 35 DEG C, sends into nanofiltration membrane component and carries out filtering and concentrating, regulate NF membrane outlet valve, make filter pressure reach 1.5 ~ 2.0MPa, obtain filtered solution and concentrate; Filtered solution sends into Clear liquid tank, and concentrate is concentrated into when solid content reaches 8.0 ~ 8.5% and sends into concentration tank, completes concentration process, obtains concentrate semi-finished product;
(8) local flavor adjustment: local flavor is adjusted material and join in pollen concentrate, more even through stirring and dissolving, obtain the chinquapin pollen oral solution after allotment; Chinquapin pollen oral solution is made up of the component of following mass percent: 2 ~ 3% honey, 3 ~ 4% white granulated sugars, 0.1 ~ 0.2% citric acid, 0.01 ~ 0.02% xanthans, all the other are pollen concentrate;
(9) homogeneous: homogeneous twice after the chinquapin pollen oral solution after allotment is warming up to 45 ~ 50 DEG C, homogenization pressure is 35 ~ 40MPa for the first time, and the time is 20 ~ 25min, and second time homogenization pressure is 15 ~ 20MPa, and the time is 8 ~ 10min; Obtain the chinquapin pollen oral solution after homogeneous;
(10) filling: filling by carrying out Soft Roll after the chinquapin pollen oral solution sterilizing after homogeneous, filling liquid temp requires to reach 50 ~ 55 DEG C, packaging material PET/AL/CPP compound retort pouch; Detect seal leak situation with water after filling and sealing, reject seepage product; Obtain flexible package chinquapin pollen oral solution;
(11) ultra-high pressure sterilization: flexible package chinquapin pollen oral solution is placed in airtight ultrahigh pressure vessel, use water as medium to impose the pressure of 400 ~ 600MPa to flexible package chinquapin pollen oral solution, water temperature is 40 ~ 50 DEG C, and sterilization time is 10 ~ 20min; Obtain chinquapin pollen oral solution finished product.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, the chinquapin pollen of step (1) described preservation is collected as follows: gather in fine day 8:00 ~ 12:00 in the morning and just open or be about to open flower, fetch with sulfuric acid paper bag, room temperature is under the condition of 22 ~ 25 DEG C, is spread by flower pesticide on template, dries 20h ~ 25h, after flower pesticide nature loose powder, collect pollen, collect pollen and be placed in the low temperature refrigerator preservation of-20 ~-30 DEG C to keep Pollen Activity.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the nanofiltration membrane component of step (7) described nanofiltration membrane component to be model be DK2540.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, step (11) described ultrahigh pressure vessel is S-F600/Q600-S3 temperature control super-pressure experimental machine.
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