CN108208686A - A kind of wall-breaking method of Bee Pollen - Google Patents
A kind of wall-breaking method of Bee Pollen Download PDFInfo
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- CN108208686A CN108208686A CN201810153212.1A CN201810153212A CN108208686A CN 108208686 A CN108208686 A CN 108208686A CN 201810153212 A CN201810153212 A CN 201810153212A CN 108208686 A CN108208686 A CN 108208686A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L21/00—Marmalades, jams, jellies or the like; Products from apiculture; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L21/20—Products from apiculture, e.g. royal jelly or pollen; Substitutes therefor
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of wall-breaking methods of Bee Pollen, belong to pollen broken wall field.The wall-breaking method of the Bee Pollen includes the following steps：Proteolysis, ultrasonication with high shear technology are combined, comprehensive broken wall treatment is carried out to Bee Pollen, the inner and outer wall of Bee Pollen can be destroyed completely, so as to improve the nutrient utilization of Bee Pollen.Bee Pollen is prepared using this method, sporoderm-broken rate is high, and easy to operate, rapidly and efficiently, and bee pollen nutrition component damages are few.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pollen broken wall fields, and in particular to a kind of wall-breaking method of Bee Pollen.
Background technology
Bee Pollen refers to the pollen load taken back during honeybee producting honey, the pollen formed after storage and fermentation in honeycomb.
Pollen is the male sex-cell in flowering plant stamen, it not only carries the hereditary information of life, but also comprising breeding
Complete nutrients matter necessary to new life, basic, the source of thermal energy that is that plant is produced a male heir to continue the family line.Bee Pollen is nutritious
The concentrate formed with the substance of drug effect value, it contains protein, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamin and other activity
Substance has the title of " miniature nutrition library ", but nutriment is distributed mainly on Bee Pollen pars intramuralis, by acidproof, alkaline-resisting, corrosion resistant
Hard outer wall and inner wall are wrapped in.Bee Pollen outer wall is mainly made of sporopollenin and cellulose, and inner wall mainly contains cellulose
And pectin.The presence of Bee Pollen wall hinders absorption and utilization of the human body to Bee Pollen inside nutritional ingredient, it is therefore necessary to right
Bee Pollen carries out broken wall treatment.
At present, the wall-breaking method of Bee Pollen is broadly divided into three classes：Physical method, chemical method and biological method.This three classes
Method differs from one another and advantage, but there is also some problems simultaneously.Physical method is easy to operate, and cost is relatively low, but sporoderm-broken rate
Low, bee pollen nutrition component damages are big.Chemical method is at low cost, and operability is strong, but the loss and pollution of nutriment are more
Seriously, the nutritive value of Bee Pollen is reduced.Biological method has the advantages that sporoderm-broken rate is high, but broken wall cost is higher and nutrition
Substance is easily contaminated.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of easy to operate, rapidly and efficiently, and bee pollen nutrition ingredient damages
Lose the synthesis broken wall treatment method of few Bee Pollen.
The present invention provides a kind of wall-breaking methods of Bee Pollen, include the following steps：
1. Bee Pollen and water are mixed, the pH value of Bee Pollen suspension adjusted is pre-processed to 7.5~8.5
Suspension；
2. by the step, 1. middle pretreatment suspension is mixed with protease, and obtained mixing suspension is ultrasonically treated
1.5~2.5h, ultrasound works time are 0.5h, interval time 0.5h, obtain being ultrasonically treated suspension；Ultrasound power be
800~1200w, ultrasonic frequency are 70~90kHz, and ultrasonic temperature is 45~50 DEG C；
3. through the step 2. in obtained supersound process suspension under the conditions of 0 DEG C, rotating speed is 20000~30000rpm
Shear treatment 45~75s times, obtained shell-broken liquid.
Preferably, the power of the step 2. middle ultrasound is 1000w, and ultrasonic frequency is 80kHz, and ultrasonic temperature is 48
℃。
Preferably, the step 3. middle shearing rotating speed be 25000rmp.
Preferably, 1. the quality of middle Bee Pollen and the volume ratio of water are 1g to the step：8~12mL.
Preferably, the pH value of the step 1. middle Bee Pollen suspension is adjusted to 8.0.
Preferably, it adjusts pH value and includes sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid solution with solution；The matter of the sodium hydroxide solution
Measure a concentration of 0.1%~0.5%；The mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1%~0.5%.
Preferably, the step 2. it is middle pretreatment suspension in the mass ratio of Bee Pollen and protease be 8~12：1；It is described
The enzyme activity of protease is 10,000~500,000 U.
Preferably, the protease is included in compound protease, neutral proteinase, flavor protease and papain
It is one or more.
Preferably, the Bee Pollen includes Bee Pollen original sample or commodity Bee Pollen.
Compared with prior art, the present invention it has the following advantages：
1) present invention first handles Bee Pollen using proteolysis assisting ultrasonic, and ul-trasonic irradiation is in Bee Pollen outer wall, albumen
Enzyme effect recycles shearing technique to carry out depth destruction to Bee Pollen inner wall in inner wall.Three's collective effect has synergistic effect,
Shell-broken effect is far longer than independent role effect.Bee Pollen is after broken wall treatment, and sporoderm-broken rate is up to 100%.
2) proteolysis, ultrasonication are combined by the present invention with shearing technique, greatly reduce the broken wall of Bee Pollen
Processing time largely reduces because ul-trasonic irradiation and high shear treatment overlong time cause generation heat excessively multipair
Destruction caused by heat-sensitive nutrition, is conducive to the reservation of nutritional ingredient in Bee Pollen in Bee Pollen.With traditional wall-breaking method
It compares, Wall breaking Bee Pollen progress broken wall nutrient component damages provided by the invention are less, it is demonstrated experimentally that the present invention's is broken
Wall method nutritional ingredient improves 10%~100%.
3) the broken wall of melissa pollen method in the present invention, easy to operate, rapidly and efficiently, stability is good, is suitble to large-scale production,
It is easy to utilize.
Above-mentioned broken wall of melissa pollen method, effectively overcome sporoderm-broken rate existing for traditional broken wall of melissa pollen method is low, nutrition into
Divide and lose the problems such as more and equipment cost is high, the development and application for Bee Pollen open new approach, and economical, societal benefits are shown
It writes.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is broken wall of melissa pollen form electron microscope in embodiment 1；Wherein Fig. 1-a are the electron microscope of original shape POLLEN MORPHOLOGY；Figure
1-b is sonicated for Bee Pollen, the electron microscope of outer wall damage -form；Fig. 1-c for Bee Pollen through proteolysis assisting ultrasonic at
The electron microscope that reason, outer wall and inner wall destroy, germinal aperature is opened；Fig. 1-d are handled for Bee Pollen through proteolysis assisting ultrasonic, then profit
Depth destruction, the electron microscope of the equal damage -form of inner and outer wall are carried out to inner wall with high shear technology.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of wall-breaking methods of Bee Pollen, include the following steps：
1. Bee Pollen and water are mixed, the pH value of Bee Pollen suspension adjusted is pre-processed to 7.5~8.5
Suspension；
2. by the step, 1. middle pretreatment suspension is mixed with protease, and obtained mixing suspension is ultrasonically treated
1.5~2.5h, ultrasound works time are 0.5h, interval time 0.5h, obtain being ultrasonically treated suspension；Ultrasound power be
800~1200w, ultrasonic frequency are 70~90kHz, and ultrasonic temperature is 45~50 DEG C；
3. through the step 2. in obtained supersound process suspension under the conditions of 0 DEG C, rotating speed is 20000~30000rpm
Shear treatment 45~75s times, obtained shell-broken liquid.
The present invention mixes Bee Pollen and water, and the pH value of Bee Pollen suspension adjusted to 7.5~8.5 obtains pre-
Handle suspension.
In the present invention, the Bee Pollen preferably includes Bee Pollen original sample or commodity Bee Pollen.The Bee Pollen is as former state
It is collected from bee farm, does not carry out the Bee Pollen of any processing；The commodity Bee Pollen is Bee Pollen as former state through a series of
Working process, and the Bee Pollen of packaged sale.The type of the Bee Pollen preferably includes vegetables pollen, fruit tree pollen, farming
The pollen of object or the pollen for watching flower.
In the present invention, 1. the quality of middle Bee Pollen and the volume ratio of water are preferably 1g to the step：8~12mL, it is more excellent
It is selected as 1g：10mL.The type of the water is preferably distilled water, distilled water, pure water.The present invention is to the source of the water without spy
It is different to limit, using commercial goods known in the art.
In the present invention, the pH value of the Bee Pollen suspension is adjusted preferably to 8.0.The adjusting pH value does not have with solution
It is specifically limited, using the solution known in the art for adjusting pH value.In the present invention, it adjusts pH value and includes hydrogen with solution
Sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid solution；The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1%~0.5%；The hydrochloric acid solution
Mass concentration is 0.1%~0.5%.The purpose of the pH value of the Bee Pollen suspension is in order to which the protease for making subsequently to add is protected
Hold best enzymatic activity.
After obtaining pretreatment suspension, the present invention mixes the pretreatment suspension with protease, the mixing to obtaining
Suspension is ultrasonically treated 1.5~2.5h, and the ultrasound works time is 0.5h, interval time 0.5h, obtains being ultrasonically treated suspension；
The power of ultrasound is 800~1200w, and ultrasonic frequency is 70~90kHz, and ultrasonic temperature is 45~50 DEG C.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of Bee Pollen and protease is preferably 8~12 in the pretreatment suspension：1, it is more excellent
It is selected as 10:1.The enzyme activity of the protease is preferably 10,000~500,000 U, more preferably 200,000 U.The protease preferably includes
It is one or more in compound protease, neutral proteinase, flavor protease and papain.The present invention is to the protease
Source be not particularly limited, using the source of commercial protein enzyme known in the art.
In the present invention, the power of the ultrasound is preferably 1000w, and ultrasonic frequency is preferably 80kHz, ultrasonic temperature
It is preferred that 48 DEG C.The time of the ultrasound is preferably 2h.The present invention is not particularly limited the supersound process with instrument, using this
Ultrasonic instrument known to field technology personnel.
In the present invention, the inner and outer wall for being conducive to destroy Bee Pollen is handled using proteolysis assisting ultrasonic.
After obtained supersound process suspension, the present invention through the supersound process suspension 0 DEG C, rotating speed for 20000~
45~75 time of shear treatment, obtains shell-broken liquid under the conditions of 30000rpm.
In the present invention, the rotating speed of the shearing is preferably 25000rmp.The time of the shear treatment is preferably 60s.
The method of the shearing is preferably homogenized.The present invention is not particularly limited the homogenate with Syrup-homogenizing instrument, and using this field, institute is ripe
The Syrup-homogenizing instrument known.The present invention is conducive to carry out depth destruction to the inner wall of Bee Pollen by shearing technique, so as to which broken wall is imitated
Fruit is thorough.
In the present invention, shearing in 0 DEG C of the shear treatment suspension is conducive to that heat-sensitive nutrition is avoided to cause
Destruction, so as to improve nutrition content in broker wall bee pollen.
Below in conjunction with the embodiment in the present invention, the technical solution in the present invention is clearly and completely described.It is aobvious
So, described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the reality in the present invention
Apply example, those of ordinary skill in the art's all other embodiments obtained without making creative work all belong to
In the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Bee pollen form cole (raw material Bee Pollen)：Purchased from China Agriculture Industitute Bee Research Center.
Operating method：
After weighing the mixing of 4g bee pollen form cole 32mL distilled water, pH is adjusted to 8.0, obtains bee pollen form cole pretreatment fluid.
By bee pollen form cole：The mass ratio of protease is 10:1 ratio adds in 0.4g protease (compound proteases of 10,000 U) in rape
In Bee Pollen pretreatment fluid.The bee pollen form cole solution of acquisition is ultrasonically treated indirectly, ultrasonic power 1000w, supersonic frequency
Rate is 80kHz, and temperature is 48 DEG C, and the ultrasound works time is 0.5h, interval 0.5h.After 2h, to above-mentioned acquisition in 0 DEG C of ice-water bath
Bee pollen form cole solution carry out high shear process processing, high shear rotating speed be 25000rmp, operating time 1min.The oil of acquisition
Dish Bee Pollen solution through vacuum freeze drying for 24 hours after, be ground into powder, that is, obtain broken wall bee pollen form cole finished product.By broken wall
The pollen grain of different phase carries out Electronic Speculum observation in the process, and as a result such as Fig. 1, wherein Fig. 1-a are the electron microscope of original shape POLLEN MORPHOLOGY；
Fig. 1-b are the electron microscope of outer wall damage -form；The electron microscope that Fig. 1-c are outer wall and inner wall destroys, germinal aperature is opened；Fig. 1-d are
The electron microscope of inner wall depth damage -form.
Embodiment 2
Flos Camelliae Japonicae pollen (raw material Bee Pollen)：Purchased from China Agriculture Industitute Bee Research Center.
Operating method：
After weighing the mixing of 8g Flos Camelliae Japonicae pollen 80mL distilled water, pH is adjusted to 8.5, obtains Flos Camelliae Japonicae pollen pretreatment fluid.
By Flos Camelliae Japonicae pollen：The mass ratio of protease is 12:1 ratio adds in 0.67g protease (flavor proteases of 20,000 U) in tea
In anthophorids pollen pretreatment fluid.The Flos Camelliae Japonicae pollen solution of acquisition is ultrasonically treated indirectly, ultrasonic power 1000w, ultrasound
Frequency is 80kHz, and temperature is 45 DEG C, and the ultrasound works time is 0.5h, interval 0.5h.After 2h, obtained in 0 DEG C of ice-water bath to above-mentioned
The Flos Camelliae Japonicae pollen solution obtained carries out high shear process processing, and high shear rotating speed is 30000rmp, operating time 1min.It obtains
Flos Camelliae Japonicae pollen solution through vacuum freeze drying for 24 hours after, be ground into powder, that is, obtain broken wall Flos Camelliae Japonicae pollen finished product.
Embodiment 3
Apricot anthophorids pollen (commodity Bee Pollen)：Purchased from Beijing ZhongMi Science Development Co., Ltd.
Operating method：
After weighing the mixing of 2g apricot anthophorids pollen 24mL distilled water, pH is adjusted to 7.5, obtains apricot anthophorids pollen pretreatment fluid.
By apricot anthophorids pollen：Protease mass ratio is 9:1 ratio adds in 0.22g protease (neutral proteinases of 100,000 U) Yu Xinghua
In Bee Pollen pretreatment fluid.The apricot anthophorids pollen solution of acquisition is ultrasonically treated indirectly, ultrasonic power 1200w, supersonic frequency
Rate is 90kHz, and temperature is 45 DEG C, and the ultrasound works time is 0.5h, interval 0.5h.After 2h, to above-mentioned acquisition in 0 DEG C of ice-water bath
Apricot anthophorids pollen solution carry out high shear process processing, high shear rotating speed be 20000rmp, operating time 1min.The apricot of acquisition
Anthophorids pollen solution through vacuum freeze drying for 24 hours after, be ground into powder, that is, obtain broken wall apricot anthophorids pollen finished product.
Comparative example 1
After weighing 4g bee pollen form coles (source is with embodiment 1) 32mL distilled water mixing, pH is adjusted to 8.0, obtains oil
Dish Bee Pollen pretreatment fluid.It is 10 by the mass ratio of bee pollen form cole and protease:1 ratio adds in 0.4g protease in rape
It in Bee Pollen, is digested under the conditions of 45 DEG C, enzymolysis terminates to obtain shell-broken liquid.
Comparative example 2
It weighs 8g Flos Camelliae Japonicae pollens (source is with embodiment 2) to be mixed with 80mL distilled water, the Flos Camelliae Japonicae pollen of acquisition suspends
Liquid is ultrasonically treated indirectly, ultrasonic power 1000w, supersonic frequency 80kHz, and temperature is 45 DEG C, and the ultrasound works time is
0.5h, interval 0.5h, ultrasonic time 2h obtain shell-broken liquid.
Comparative example 3
It weighs 2g apricot anthophorids pollen (source is with embodiment 3) to be mixed with 24mL distilled water, to acquisition in 0 DEG C of ice-water bath
Apricot anthophorids pollen suspension carries out carry out shear treatment, and high shear rotating speed is 20000rmp, and operating time 1min obtains broken wall
Liquid.
Comparative example 4
After weighing the mixing of 2g apricot anthophorids pollen 24mL distilled water, the apricot anthophorids pollen suspension of acquisition carries out ultrasound indirectly
Processing, ultrasonic power 1200w, supersonic frequency 90kHz, temperature are 45 DEG C, and the ultrasound works time is 0.5h, interval 0.5h.
After 2h, high shear process processing is carried out to the apricot anthophorids pollen solution of above-mentioned acquisition in 0 DEG C of ice-water bath, high shear rotating speed is
20000rmp, operating time 1min.The apricot anthophorids pollen solution of acquisition through vacuum freeze drying for 24 hours after, be ground into powder,
Obtain broken wall apricot anthophorids pollen finished product.
Embodiment 4
Sporoderm-broken rate calculates：
The Bee Pollen solution after 1mL broken walls is taken, adds in the distilled water of 4mL, dilutes five times.1 drop is taken to dilute with rubber head dropper
For broker wall bee pollen liquid afterwards on glass slide, covered is subsequently placed in the micro- Microscopic observation of 40 × 10 purposes, while with phase
Non- broker wall bee pollen liquid under the conditions of is as control.
Sporoderm-broken rate (%)=[1- (complete pollen grain number/pollen total number) × (control pollen weight/sample pollen weight
Amount)] × 100
As a result such as table 1.
The situation of the broken wall of Bee Pollen in 1 Examples 1 to 3 of table and comparative example 1~4
Embodiment 5
Nutriment measures：
1st, protein content：According in the measure of GB 5009.5-2010 national food safety standard Protein in Food
One method Kjeldahl's method carries out.
2nd, crude fat content：According to the first method soxhlet extraction in measure fatty in GB/T 5009.6-2003 food into
Row.
3rd, content of reducing sugar：According to the first method direct titrimetric method in the measure of reduced sugar in GB/T 5009.7-2008 food
It carries out.
4th, content beta-carotene：It is efficient according to the first method in the measure of carrotene in GB/T 5009.83-2003 food
Liquid chromatography carries out.
5th, ferro-calcium-zinc-selenium content：It is carried out according to the assay method of GB/T 5009.92-2003 Calcium In Foods；According to GB/
The assay method progress of T5009.90-2003 iron in food, magnesium, manganese；According to the measure of GB/T5009.14-2003 Zinc in Foods
Method carries out；It is carried out according to the assay method of GB 5009.93-2010 selenium in food.
As a result shown in table 2.
Influence of the wall-breaking method of 2 Examples 1 to 3 of table to nutriment
Note：Number 1-8 is 1. protein (g/100g) respectively；2. crude fat (g/100g)；3. reduced sugar (g/100g)；4.
Beta carotene (mg/100g)；5. calcium (mg/100g)；6. iron (mg/100g)；7. zinc (mg/kg)；8.(mg/kg).
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of wall-breaking method of Bee Pollen, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1. Bee Pollen and water are mixed, the pH value of Bee Pollen suspension adjusted to 7.5~8.5, obtain pretreatment and suspend
Liquid；
2. by the step 1. it is middle pretreatment suspension mixed with protease, to obtain mixing suspension supersound process 1.5~
2.5h, ultrasound works time are 0.5h, interval time 0.5h, obtain being ultrasonically treated suspension；The power of the ultrasound is 800
~1200w, the frequency of the ultrasound is 70~90kHz, and the temperature of the ultrasound is 45~50 DEG C；
3. by through the step 2. in obtained supersound process suspension under the conditions of 0 DEG C, rotating speed is 20000~30000rpm into
Row shear treatment 45~75s times, obtain shell-broken liquid.
2. wall-breaking method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the power of the step 2. middle ultrasound is 1000w, ultrasound
Frequency for 80kHz, ultrasonic temperature is 48 DEG C.
3. wall-breaking method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3. middle shearing rotating speed be 25000rmp.
4. wall-breaking method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1. quality of middle Bee Pollen and the volume of water
Than for 1g：8~12mL.
5. broken wall of melissa pollen method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1. middle Bee Pollen suspension
PH value is adjusted to 8.0.
6. wall-breaking method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that adjust pH value and include sodium hydroxide solution and salt with solution
Acid solution；The mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1%~0.5%；The mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1%
~0.5%.
7. wall-breaking method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2. it is middle pretreatment suspension in Bee Pollen with
The mass ratio of protease is 8~12：1；The enzyme activity of the protease is 10,000~500,000 U.
8. the broken wall of melissa pollen method according to claim 1 or 7, which is characterized in that the protease includes compound protein
It is one or more in enzyme, neutral proteinase, flavor protease and papain.
9. according to wall-breaking method described in claim 1~7 any one, which is characterized in that it is former that the Bee Pollen includes Bee Pollen
Sample or commodity Bee Pollen.
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| CN201810153212.1A CN108208686A (en) | 2018-02-10 | 2018-02-10 | A kind of wall-breaking method of Bee Pollen |
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| CN201810153212.1A CN108208686A (en) | 2018-02-10 | 2018-02-10 | A kind of wall-breaking method of Bee Pollen |
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ID=62661936
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Cited By (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110810783A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-21 | 青海民族大学 | Method for breaking cell wall of rape bee pollen |
| CN111494294A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-07 | 中国海洋大学 | Bee pollen mask and preparation method thereof |
| CN111543308A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-18 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | Preparation method of pollen for pollination |
| CN112956668A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-15 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for preparing wall-broken bee pollen by using ultrasonic-assisted biological enzyme method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110810783A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-21 | 青海民族大学 | Method for breaking cell wall of rape bee pollen |
| CN111543308A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-18 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | Preparation method of pollen for pollination |
| CN111494294A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-08-07 | 中国海洋大学 | Bee pollen mask and preparation method thereof |
| CN111494294B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-06-15 | 中国海洋大学 | Bee pollen mask and preparation method thereof |
| CN112956668A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-15 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for preparing wall-broken bee pollen by using ultrasonic-assisted biological enzyme method |
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