CN104429451B - A kind of Semen Ricini high-yield planting method of arid biogeographic zone layered structure - Google Patents
A kind of Semen Ricini high-yield planting method of arid biogeographic zone layered structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN104429451B CN104429451B CN201410558557.7A CN201410558557A CN104429451B CN 104429451 B CN104429451 B CN 104429451B CN 201410558557 A CN201410558557 A CN 201410558557A CN 104429451 B CN104429451 B CN 104429451B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Semen Ricini high-yield planting method of arid biogeographic zone layered structure, the method combines Semen Ricini biological characteristics, take the under-film drip irrigation cropping pattern of " film two is with three row ", by height variety matching, and assist with training, chemical control means, the layered structure arrangement of structure Semen Ricini Seedling height phase height line interlacing, improves pollination environment, improves leaf area index and Photosynthetic Productivity.The method of the invention overcomes the impact on yield of the Semen Ricini trophophase poor pollination, also improves Semen Ricini Photo distribution in population, and arid biogeographic zone Semen Ricini high-yield culturing is had good guiding value.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, the method particularly relating to Semen Ricini high-yield culturing.
Background technology:
Semen Ricini seed oil content 40-60%, is the vegetable oil that deep processed product is most in the world at present, and processing is derivative
Product has kind more than 3000, the series of products obtained from oil, and majority can extract from Oleum Ricini.Before the eighties in 20th century,
Semen Ricini is the most universal in the plantation of China, but the level of production is the most relatively low, per mu yield only 80-120 about kg, minority area
Up to 200kg, far below developed country 250-300kg.
Semen Ricini is the different flowering plant of hermaphroditism, and female flower and male flower are distributed on the same inflorescence of same plant, inflorescence upper
Portion is female flower, and bottom is male flower, occasionally has hermaphrodite flower mixing arrangement or the plant of the most single raw instaminate flower.Semen Ricini is long for florescence, flower
Shed when opening pollen, mainly by wind-force and insect pollination, because plant is tall and big, and the relatively viscous weight of pollen, line-spacing is excessive is unfavorable for pollination,
Affect yield.How to combine Semen Ricini biological characteristics, rational seeding method is set, be directly connected to Semen Ricini Grain Development and list
Plane amasss the lifting of yield level.
The photosynthetic research of crop groups is increasingly subject to people's attention.Coordinate colony and individual relation, build
The canopy that leaf area index is suitable, structure is excellent, just can have higher Canopy Apparent Photosynthetic Rate, realize high yield.Semen Ricini plant type is tall and big,
Having indeterminate growth characteristic, constantly produce branch in growth course, conventional dense planting mode is hardly formed preferable colony hat
Rotating fields, population photosynthesis low productivity, yield promotes difficulty.
Semen Ricini and Cotton Gossypii all have the feature of indeterminate growth, also have a lot of technology to provide a reference in production management.20 generation
Recording the eighties, Xinjiang scientific worker proposes " short, close, early " cultivation theory of great Xinjiang feature, i.e. " big colony, little
Body " volume increase route, it is achieved thereby that the breakthrough of cotton in Xinjiang high yield, and define corresponding high-yield culturing control technique.Increase
Add density, liquid manure optimization, change the measures such as control, in the various crop high-yield culturing such as cotton in Xinjiang, Semen Maydis, show volume increase
Potentiality, this is also the main direction of Semen Ricini high-yield culturing from now on.The cotton high yield growing technical system of maturation has been set up in Xinjiang,
This specific aim contributing to the research of Semen Ricini high-yield culturing and predictability.
Summary of the invention:
Present invention aim at providing a kind of Semen Ricini high-yield planting method of arid biogeographic zone layered structure, the method combines castor
Fiber crops biological characteristics, takes the under-film drip irrigation cropping pattern of " film two is with three row ", and sowing row different cultivars collocation, with center row
For high row, the short row of both sides behavior, and combining training, chemical control means, form laminar structural arrangement in the Semen Ricini Seedling height phase, improvement is awarded
Powder environment, optimization group structure and the photosynthesis productivity, by reasonably combined kind, and combination control and training process, structure
Make Semen Ricini laminar canopy structure layout, improve the population photosynthesis productivity, it is achieved high yield.
The Semen Ricini high-yield planting method of a kind of arid biogeographic zone layered structure of the present invention, follows these steps to carry out:
A, seeding method configure:
Semen Ricini is sowed in late April in Northern Part of Xinjiang, uses " film two Guan Sanhang " under-film drip irrigation cropping pattern, fabric width
Mulch film 210cm, two drip irrigation zones under film, line-spacing 80cm on film, the line-spacing 80cm of handing-over row, center row spacing in the rows 80cm on film, film
Upper both sides distance between rows and hills 40cm；
B, field management:
Pour water: total Water 300-320m3/ mu, each filling amount 30-40m3/ mu, pours water and is spaced 8-12 days；
Intertillage: intertill 2-3 time during Semen Ricini fertility, is carried out for last 1 time before envelope ridge；
Fertilising: mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, topdressed for the first time in main fringe squaring period, and mu executes carbamide 15kg, potassium sulfate
8kg；Second time fertilising is buddingged for one-level branch and is bloomed, and mu executes carbamide 15kg；Third time is in the one-level fringe pustulation period, and mu executes carbamide
15kg；
Training: budding at early July main tassel blossom setting and one-level fringe, destroy the top heart for the 1st time；Under 2nd time in 7 months
In ten days, 3-4 one-level branch of selecting and remain, remaining branch is erased without exception；3rd time in late August, all newborn alabastrums of erasing, terminal bud and
Branch, only retains blade；
Change control: for film top row Semen Ricini, after the top heart is destroyed in training for the first time, be watered with the former medicine of 60g/ mu consumption 92%
25-30kg, carries out foliage-spray, waters immediately after spraying；After two weeks, again it is watered 25-with the former medicine of 60g/ mu consumption 92%
30kg foliage-spray.
When sowing Semen Ricini in step a, on film, center row selects conventional Semen Ricini kind good quality and high output kind, and on film, both sides row is excellent
Select Semen Ricini kind to downgrade high-yield variety, form, at Semen Ricini Later growth, " layered structure " general layout that 2 short folders 1 are high.
In step a during sowing, center row on film is carried out in advance the Semen Ricini kind seed soaking of routine, sprout in advance promoting it
Send out.
The Semen Ricini high-yield planting method of a kind of arid biogeographic zone layered structure of the present invention, the feature of the method is:
Combine Semen Ricini biological characteristics, take the under-film drip irrigation cropping pattern of " film two is with three row ", sowing row difference
Variety matching, with middle behavior high row, the short row of both sides behavior, and combines training, chemical control means, at Semen Ricini Seedling height phase cambium layer
Formula structural arrangement, improves pollination environment, optimizes group structure and the photosynthesis productivity, it is thus achieved that high Semen Ricini yield.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1 (little Guai township, Kelamayi)
A, seeding method configure:
On April 28th, 2012 is sowed, and uses " film two Guan Sanhang " under-film drip irrigation pattern: fabric width mulch film 210cm, under film two
Root drip irrigation zone, line-spacing 80cm on film, the line-spacing 80cm of handing-over row, center row sowing black Semen Ricini No. 5, spacing in the rows 80cm on film；On film
The female flower that both sides row sowing Xinjiang Inst. of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences cultivates is many and lacks the both sexes system L18 of male flower, spacing in the rows
40cm；
B, field management:
Pour water: total amount 300m of pouring water3/ mu, each irrigation quantity 30m3/ mu, pours water and is spaced 8-12 days；
Intertillage: June 18 intertilled 1 time, June 28 intertilled 1 time；
Fertilising: mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, dressing time and consumption: topdressing as June 18 for the first time, mu executes carbamide
15kg, potassium sulfate 8kg；Second time fertilising is July 16, and mu executes carbamide 15kg；Third time was August 20, and mu executes carbamide 15kg；
Training: July 9, destroy the top heart the 1st time；2nd time July 25,4 one-level branches of selecting and remain, remaining branch one
Rule is erased；3rd time August 25, erase all newborn alabastrums, terminal bud and branch, only retain blade；
Change control: for film top row Semen Ricini, concrete time and method: July 10 was watered with the former medicine of 60g/ mu consumption 92%
25-30kg, carries out foliage-spray, waters immediately after spraying；After two weeks, again it is watered 25-with the former medicine of 60g/ mu consumption 92%
30kg foliage-spray；Semen Ricini yield and the yield forming of laminar plantation are shown in Table 1
The Semen Ricini yield of little Guai township, table Kelamayi in 12012 laminar plantation and yield forming
As can be seen from the table: under laminar cropping pattern, in the middle of every mu of ground, high row stays Seedling 340 strain, two short row to stay Seedling 1380
Strain, high row single plant yield 286.3g/ strain, short row single plant yield 239.0g/ strain, population yield 426kg/ mu.
Embodiment 2 (Chinese Academy of Sciences's Desert of Fukang ecology station)
A, seeding method configure:
On April 28th, 2012 is sowed, and uses " film two Guan Sanhang " under-film drip irrigation pattern: fabric width mulch film 210cm, under film two
Root drip irrigation zone, on film, line-spacing is 80cm, the line-spacing 80cm of handing-over row, and on film, center row sowing is black Semen Ricini No. 5, spacing in the rows
80cm；On film the sowing of both sides row be female flower that Xinjiang Inst. of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences cultivates many and the two of few male flower
Property system L18, spacing in the rows 40cm；
B, field management:
Pour water: total amount 320m of pouring water3/ mu, each irrigation quantity 40m3/ mu, pours water and is spaced 8-12 days；
Intertillage: June 18 intertilled 1 time, June 28 intertilled 1 time；
Fertilising: mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, dressing time and consumption: topdressing as June 18 for the first time, mu executes carbamide
15kg, potassium sulfate 8kg；Second time fertilising is July 16, and mu executes carbamide 15kg；Third time was August 20, and mu executes carbamide 15kg；
Training: destroyed the top heart July 9 the 1st time；2nd time July 25,4 one-level branches of selecting and remain, remaining branch one
Rule is erased；3rd time August 25, erase all newborn alabastrums, terminal bud and branch, only retain blade；
Change control: for film top row Semen Ricini, concrete time and method: July 10 was watered with the former medicine of 60g/ mu consumption 92%
25-30kg, carries out foliage-spray, waters immediately after spraying；After two weeks, again it is watered 25-with the former medicine of 60g/ mu consumption 92%
30kg foliage-spray；Semen Ricini yield and the yield forming of laminar plantation are shown in Table 2
The Semen Ricini yield of table Fukang, Xinjiang laminar plantation in 22012 and yield forming
As can be seen from the table: under laminar cropping pattern, in the middle of every mu of ground, high row stays Seedling 340 strain, two short row to stay Seedling 1380
Strain, high row single plant yield 304.9g/ strain, short row single plant yield 284.3g/ strain, population yield 496kg/ mu.
Embodiment 3 (little Guai township, Kelamayi)
A, seeding method configure:
On April 26th, 2013 is sowed, and uses " film two Guan Sanhang " under-film drip irrigation pattern: fabric width mulch film 210cm, under film two
Root drip irrigation zone, on film, line-spacing is 80cm, the line-spacing 80cm of handing-over row, and on film, center row sowing is black Semen Ricini No. 5, spacing in the rows
80cm；On film the sowing of both sides row be female flower that Xinjiang Inst. of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences cultivates many and the two of few male flower
Property system L18, spacing in the rows 40cm；
B, field management:
Pour water: total amount 300m of pouring water3/ mu, each irrigation quantity 30m3/ mu, pours water and is spaced 8-12 days；
Intertillage: June 12 intertilled 1 time, June 20 intertilled 1 time, and June 28 intertilled 1 time；
Fertilising: mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, dressing time and consumption: topdressing as June 16 for the first time, mu executes carbamide
15kg, potassium sulfate 8kg；Second time fertilising is July 14, and mu executes carbamide 15kg；Third time was August 21, and mu executes carbamide 15kg；
Training: destroyed the top heart July 6 the 1st time；2nd time July 23,3 one-level branches of selecting and remain, remaining branch one
Rule is erased；3rd time August 27, erase all newborn alabastrums, terminal bud and branch, only retain blade；
Change control: for film top row Semen Ricini, concrete time and method: July 7 was watered with the former medicine of 60g/ mu consumption 92%
25-30kg, carries out foliage-spray, waters immediately after spraying；After two weeks, again it is watered 25-with the former medicine of 60g/ mu consumption 92%
30kg foliage-spray, Semen Ricini yield and the yield forming of laminar plantation are shown in Table 3
The table little Semen Ricini yield turning laminar plantation in Kelamayi in 32013 and yield forming
As can be seen from the table: under laminar cropping pattern, in the middle of every mu of ground, high row stays Seedling 340 strain, two short row to stay Seedling 1380
Strain, high row single plant yield 269.4g/ strain, short row single plant yield 262.8g/ strain, population yield 454kg/ mu.
Claims (1)
1. the Semen Ricini high-yield planting method of an arid biogeographic zone layered structure, it is characterised in that follow these steps to carry out
A, seeding method configure:
Semen Ricini is sowed in late April in Northern Part of Xinjiang, uses " film two Guan Sanhang " under-film drip irrigation cropping pattern, fabric width ground
Film 210cm, two drip irrigation zones under film, line-spacing 80cm on film, the line-spacing 80cm of handing-over row, center row spacing in the rows 80cm on film, on film
Both sides distance between rows and hills 40cm, wherein during sowing Semen Ricini, on film, center row selects conventional Semen Ricini kind good quality and high output kind, both sides on film
The preferred Semen Ricini kind of row downgrades high-yield variety, forms, at Semen Ricini Later growth, " layered structure " general layout that 2 short folders 1 are high, on film
Center row carries out the Semen Ricini kind seed soaking of routine in advance, sprouts in advance promoting it；
B, field management:
Pour water: total Water 300-320m3/ mu, each filling amount 30-40m3/ mu, pours water and is spaced 8-12 days；
Intertillage: intertill 2-3 time during Semen Ricini fertility, is carried out for last 1 time before envelope ridge；
Fertilising: mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, topdressed for the first time in main fringe squaring period, and mu executes carbamide 15kg, potassium sulfate 8kg；
Second time fertilising is buddingged for one-level branch and is bloomed, and mu executes carbamide 15kg；Third time is in the one-level fringe pustulation period, and mu executes carbamide 15kg；
Training: budding at early July main tassel blossom setting and one-level fringe, destroy the top heart for the 1st time；In mid or late July, select for 2nd time
Staying 3-4 one-level branch, remaining branch is erased without exception；3rd time in late August, erase all newborn alabastrums, terminal bud and branch,
Only retain blade；
Change control: for film top row Semen Ricini, after the top heart is destroyed in training for the first time, be watered 25-with the former medicine of 60g/ mu consumption 92%
30kg, carries out foliage-spray, waters immediately after spraying；After two weeks, again it is watered 25-30kg leaf with the former medicine of 60g/ mu consumption 92%
Face sprays.
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Application publication date: 20150325 Assignee: Xinjiang Wo Fu Xinsheng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences Contract record no.: X2019650000004 Denomination of invention: Castor oil plant high-yield planting method of layer structure in arid region Granted publication date: 20160928 License type: Common License Record date: 20190929 |
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Effective date of registration: 20230423 Address after: 832021 No. 054, Building 5, Yinxinyuan, Community 56, Development Zone, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Patentee after: Xinjiang Zhongnong Hongyuan Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 830011 No. 40 South Beijing Road, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, attached 3 Patentee before: XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |