CN104406728A - Manganin pressure sensor and device for measuring underwater explosion near-field impact wave pressure - Google Patents
Manganin pressure sensor and device for measuring underwater explosion near-field impact wave pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN104406728A CN104406728A CN201410690335.0A CN201410690335A CN104406728A CN 104406728 A CN104406728 A CN 104406728A CN 201410690335 A CN201410690335 A CN 201410690335A CN 104406728 A CN104406728 A CN 104406728A
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Abstract
The invention provides a manganin pressure sensor and a device for measuring underwater explosion near-field impact wave pressure and belongs to the technical field of underwater explosive impact measuring. A sensitive element is clamped between two copper-coated thin plates, so that integral structural strength of the sensor is improved, and service life of the sensor is prolonged. The manganin pressure sensor has high anti-interference capability and can resist interference caused to near field measuring by products caused by explosive blasting, residual electric field in water and outside electromagnetic field, and probability is provided for realizing accurate measuring of underwater explosion near-field impact wave pressure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to underwater explosion charge blast impulse field of measuring technique, particularly relate to a kind of manganin transducer and the device of measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure.
Background technology
The change of the shock wave pressure that explosive underwater blast near field produces is very rapidly, and has the features such as pressure peak is high, the malleation duration is short, momentum is larger simultaneously.Compared with the TNT underwater blast of equal quality is exploded with air, pressure peak is aerial 227.15 ~ 247.86 times under water, and momentum is 8.48 ~ 11.80 times.Therefore, the measurement relative difficulty of underwater blast near field shock wave pressure, this is mainly because the pressure peak of near field shock wave is between hundreds of MPa to tens GPa, exceed the range of conventional piezoelectric sensor, and the shock wave that blast produces also is not separated near field range completely with explosion product, certain interference can be caused to measurement.
Also some experimental study work were carried out for underwater blast near field stress is domestic, wherein people (the Chi Jiachun such as pond man spring, horse ice .TNT/RDX (40/60) explosive ball underwater explosion wave research [J]. Chinese Journal Of High Pressure Physics, 1999,13 (3): 199-204.) once utilize the manganese-copper piezoresistance pressure gauge that still can effectively work in high pressure range and PVDF piezoelectric pressure meter two kinds of test macros to carry out the pilot study of TNT/RDX explosive ball water shooting, obtain 1≤R/R
0≤ 10 (R be sensor apart from quick-fried heart distance, R
0for explosive radius) attenuation law of the surge pressure of shock wave in scope.And the people such as Zhao Jibo, Tan Duowang (Zhao Jibo, Tan Duowang, open the application [J] of equality .PVDF far away meter in the test of water shooting near field stress. explosive wastewater journal .2009,32 (3): 1-4.) then mainly employ PVDF and count the underwater blast near field stress measured in 0.7 to 3 times of cartridge bag radiuses, be less than in the scope of 4GPa at shock wave peak value, obtain the decline of pressure course of shock wave.
Although PVDF sensor obtains a lot of utilizations in explosion wave pressure survey under water, but it still exists temperature variation this problem very sensitive, special in measurement is similar to underwater blast near field shock wave pressure, the pyroelectric of the temperature rise that shock wave produces media collapse and explosive charge and PVDF material itself can bring certain error to measurement.In addition, what the manganin pressure gage that the people such as Chi Jiachun use adopted is low resistance sensitive element and high-voltage pulse constant current source power supply, usually can only be used for 1GPa with the measurement of upward pressure, not be suitable for the measurement of hundreds of MPa pressure.Further, general piezoelectric sensor is not suitable for the measurement of underwater blast near field shock wave pressure yet, and for conventional piezoelectric sensor, its maximum range is generally at about 100 MPa, as the sensor of PCB 138A series, its highest pressure can only measuring 138MPa.Explode near-field region under water, shock wave pressure and particle rapidity higher, can cause the destruction of sensor, use the sensor of PCB class, cost is very high.
In sum, there is following requirement in underwater blast near field shock wave pressure and measurement thereof: the surge pressure of (1) near field shock wave is high, momentum is large, velocity of propagation is fast, cause it to have very strong damage capability, therefore sensor must have certain structural strength; (2) in explosive charge band point product, water, residual electric field, external electromagnetic field etc. all can cause certain interference near field measurement, therefore sensor and measuring system thereof must possess enough antijamming capabilities; (3) shock wave peak value is high, change is fast, and the response time of sensor must be very short; (4) when near field measurement, from explosive initiation to shock wave, arrive sensor, last very short, this just require the detonating power supply of explosive to accomplish conduction time is very short, and ensure 100% to detonate.Prior art also fails to reach above-mentioned requirements.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of manganin transducer and the device of measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure, sensitive element is sandwiched in two pieces and covers between copper sheet by this manganin transducer, adds sensor overall construction intensity, extends the mission life of sensor; The device measured for underwater blast near field shock wave pressure possesses stronger antijamming capability, can resist the interference that in explosive charge band point product, water, residual electric field, external electromagnetic field etc. cause near field measurement, the realization of accurately measuring for underwater blast near field shock wave pressure provides possibility.
The invention provides a kind of manganin transducer measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure, it comprises: the sensitive element (2) be made up of manganin silk, two pieces cover copper sheet, measure cable (8) and ground cable (9);
Wherein, every block covers copper sheet by copper clad layers (10) and polytetrafluoroethylene floor (11) formation; Sensitive element (2) is sandwiched between two pieces of polytetrafluoroethylene floors (11) covering copper sheet, it is outside that the copper clad layers (10) that every block covers copper sheet is overlying on its polytetrafluoroethylene floor (11), and be among sealed environment by the filling sensitive element (2) that makes of transparent epoxy casting glue (12) between two pieces of polytetrafluoroethylene floors (11) covering copper sheet;
Wherein, sensitive element (2) comprising: non-sensitive part (5), two lead-in wires (4) and substrate (3); Non-sensitive part (5) and two lead-in wires (4) are all fixed in substrate (3); Every root lead-in wire (4) one end connects non-sensitive part (5), and the other end arranges sensitive element signal and exports solder joint (6); Two sensitive element signals export solder joint (6) and connect the heart yearn and rubber-insulated wire of measuring cable (9) respectively;
Make one piece to cover base plate (1) that copper sheet is sensitive element (2), another block covers the cover plate (7) that copper sheet is sensitive element (2); The copper shell of cover plate (7) and base plate (1) all welds with the heart yearn of ground cable (9) and rubber-insulated wire.
Further, the gross thickness of sensitive element (2) is 0.04mm, wide 9mm, long 60mm, the long 80mm of base plate, wide 20mm, thick 0.45mm, the long 52mm of cover plate, wide 20mm, thick 0.45mm.
Further, the non-sensitive part (5) of sensitive element (2) is conveyor screw, diameter 5mm, and the outer boundary vertical range that the centre distance two pieces of non-sensitive part (5) covers copper sheet is 10mm.
Further, two long 47mm of lead-in wire (4), wide 2mm, the spacing 1mm between two lead-in wires.
Further, sensitive element signal exports solder joint (6) wide 2mm, long 2mm.
Further, sensitive element signal exports solder joint (6) and the joint measuring cable (8), and the weld of the copper shell of cover plate (7) and base plate (1) and ground cable (9), all with Copper Foil parcel, form faraday cup.
Further, sensitive element signal exports solder joint (6) and the joint measuring cable (8), and the weld of the copper shell of cover plate (7) and base plate (1) and ground cable (9), all seal with hot melt adhesive.
Further, substrate (3) is insulating material formation.
Further, sensitive element (2) for resistance value be the manganin silk in 50 Europe.
The present invention also provides a kind of for the tonometric device of underwater blast wave, and it comprises: copper-manganese instrument (13), oscillograph (14), pulse initiator (15) and above-mentioned four manganin transducer;
The measurement cable of four manganin transducer is connected to copper-manganese instrument (13), copper-manganese instrument (13) exports termination oscillograph (14), and the ground wire ground connection together of copper-manganese instrument (13), oscillograph (14); Pulse initiator (15) connects explosive;
Wherein, two manganin transducer are placed in explosive circumferential position symmetry, and two manganin transducer are arranged in explosive one end face side, and the thickness direction of four manganin transducer is all just to the quick-fried heart of explosive; Four manganin transducer utilize fixation with steel wire;
Utilize pulse initiator (15) detonating powder, four manganin transducer by resistance variations under the effect of underwater blast wave pressure through cable transmission to copper-manganese instrument (13), oscillograph (14) is sent to after copper-manganese instrument (13) conditioning is amplified, at the upper squiggle obtaining shock wave of oscillograph (14), this squiggle is utilized to utilize prior art to calculate underwater blast wave pressure.
Beneficial effect:
1. sensitive element is sandwiched in two pieces and covers between copper sheet by manganin transducer of the present invention, and sensor one-piece construction presents flake, adds sensor overall construction intensity, extends the mission life of sensor.
2. the Copper Foil that manganin transducer of the present invention covers copper sheet surface by two pieces is connected with the Copper Foil that cable connector place is wound around, define a faraday cup, and adopt independently shield ground connection, decrease the factors such as electric field in detonation charged products, external electromagnetic signal, water to the interference of measuring, effectively raise the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of measuring system.
3. the thickness direction of manganin transducer is pointed to the quick-fried heart of explosive when measuring by the device of measurement underwater blast near field of the present invention shock wave pressure, this just makes shock wave very short in the internal communication distance of sensor, the internal stress of sensor can be very fast reach balance, shorten the response time of sensor, thus improve the measuring accuracy of sensor.
4. the device of measurement underwater blast near field of the present invention shock wave pressure is when measuring, detonator joint exposed after explosive initiation can form an electric field in water, therefore the power acquisition of this device pulse initiator, its voltage pulse time is adjustable, in actual measurement, the burst length is adjusted to and is less than detonator time of ignition, ensure that the measurement of shockwave signals can not be subject to the interference of residual electric field.
5. ground cable and measurement cable are separated by manganin transducer of the present invention, guarantee that the electric charge importing to ground wire because of problems such as body leakages can not have influence on internal measurement system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation after the manganin transducer of measurement underwater blast near field of the present invention shock wave pressure removes cover plate;
Fig. 2 is the front view of the manganin transducer of measurement underwater blast near field of the present invention shock wave pressure;
Fig. 3 is the A-A diagrammatic cross-section of the manganin transducer of measurement underwater blast near field of the present invention shock wave pressure;
Fig. 4 is the stereographic map of the manganin transducer of measurement underwater blast near field of the present invention shock wave pressure;
Fig. 5 is the arrangenent diagram of the method for measurement underwater blast near field of the present invention shock wave pressure.
Reference numeral is:
1-covers copper sheet (base plate), 2-sensitive element, the substrate of 3-sensitive element, 4-sensitive element goes between, 5-sensitive element non-sensitive part, and 6-sensitive element signal exports solder joint, 7-covers copper sheet (cover plate), and 8-measures cable, 9-ground cable, 10-copper clad layers, 11-polytetrafluoroethylene floor, 12-transparent epoxy resin adhesive linkage, 13-copper-manganese instrument, 14-oscillograph, 15-pulse initiator.
Embodiment
The manganin silk of the sensitive element of the manganin transducer of measurement underwater blast near field of the present invention shock wave pressure to be resistance value be 50 Ω.Research shows, although the piezoresistance coefficient of manganin is not high, because its temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance is little, is better than PVDF material, also has fast, the linear feature preferably of response simultaneously, is very suitable for making hyperpressure sensor.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the present invention covers copper tenon sheet and a copper-manganese sensitive element formation primarily of 2 pieces.Sensitive element (2) is sandwiched between thin plate (1) and (7), between them by transparent epoxy casting glue connect sealing (12), effect preferably adopt model be HT 6308 transparent epoxy casting glue connect sealing.
Sensitive element is of a size of: gross thickness is 0.04mm, wide 9mm, long 60mm, sensitive element spiral fashion non-sensitive part (5) diameter 5mm, two long 47mm of lead-in wire (4), wide 2mm, spacing 1mm, solder joint (6) wide 2mm, long 2mm, sensitive element substrate (3) is insulating material formation, sensitive element integral sealing insulation-encapsulated.
Cover copper tenon sheet and be divided into two kinds of sizes, thin plate (1) long 80mm, wide 20mm, thick 0.45mm, thin plate (7) long 52mm, wide 20mm, thick 0.45mm, two thin plates are formed by copper clad layers (10) and polytetrafluoroethylene floor (11).
During due near field measurement, the destructive power of shock wave is too strong, in order to increase the overall construction intensity of sensor, to extend the operational use time of sensor, is sandwiched in by copper-manganese sensitive element between two pieces of tenon sheet, the effect played insulation and reinforce.Simultaneously, because the Movement of explosion product speed near field is fast, and be not separated completely with shock wave, certain interference can be caused to measurement, therefore, do the additional treatments that some improve sensor antijamming capability, such as, thin plate outside surface is covered copper, by solder joint Copper Foil parcel, whole sensor outer housing ground connection etc.
Sensor, after relevant solder joint connects cable, uses hot melt adhesive water-tight, and meanwhile, be wound around Copper Foil in joint, the copper shell of Copper Foil and sensor connects as one, simultaneously ground connection.
The present invention also provides a kind of device measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure, and it comprises: copper-manganese instrument (13), oscillograph (14), pulse initiator (15) and four manganin transducer;
The measurement cable of four manganin transducer is connected to copper-manganese instrument (13), copper-manganese instrument (13) exports termination oscillograph (14), and the ground wire ground connection together of copper-manganese instrument (13), oscillograph (14); Pulse initiator (15) connects explosive;
Wherein, two manganin transducer are placed in explosive circumferential position symmetry, and two manganin transducer are axially arranged an end face side at explosive, and the thickness direction of four manganin transducer is all just to the quick-fried heart of explosive; Four manganin transducer utilize fixation with steel wire;
Utilize pulse initiator (15) detonating powder, four manganin transducer by resistance variations under the effect of underwater blast wave pressure through cable transmission to copper-manganese instrument (13), oscillograph (14) is sent to after copper-manganese instrument (13) conditioning is amplified, at the upper squiggle obtaining shock wave of oscillograph (14), this squiggle is utilized to utilize prior art to calculate underwater blast wave pressure.
During measurement, sensor is symmetric in explosive surrounding, lays respectively at the axial and circumferential of column charge, and the thickness direction of sensor is just to the quick-fried heart of explosive, and its position is fixed by finer wire, and concrete distribution as shown in Figure 5.Explosive is ignited by pulsed constant current supply, and the burst length is adjustable; Sensor sensing element two solder joint connects the heart yearn and rubber-insulated wire of measuring cable (8) respectively, and the copper shell of sensor connects ground wire (9), ground connection together with the ground wire of copper-manganese instrument (13), oscillograph (14); The measurement cable of sensor is connected to copper-manganese instrument (13), copper-manganese instrument (13) plays the effect of setting up bridge diagram, measuring-signal, amplifying signal, output signal, and rear copper-manganese instrument (13) exports termination oscillograph (14).
After blasting cap initiation, if initiator also has voltage to export, detonating cord is equivalent to two electrodes, forms electromagnetic field, in metering circuit, form undesired signal in water.In order to reduce initiator to the interference of measuring, the controlled initiator of a kind of voltage output time that detonates must be designed, the initiator output voltage time is less than detonator time of ignition, does not have voltage to export like this, would not form interference in metering circuit when blasting cap initiation explosive in detonating cord.Pulse initiator (15) is used in the present invention.
In fig. 2, sensor level is divided into: cover plate-copper-manganese sensitive element-base plate, and the vertical range on the non-sensitive part centre distance thin plate border of sensitive element is 10mm, as Fig. 1.In the assembling process of sensor, HT6308 transparent epoxy resin has been modulated in advance, uniform application on two pieces of surface of contact and sensitive element covering copper sheet, and sensor has assembled to be placed in lifting jack and compressed, wait for solidifying of epoxy resin, generally 24 hours consuming time.
After epoxy resin solidifies, sensor is taken out, removes unnecessary epoxy resin.Then, the heart yearn of signal cable is welded with two solder joints respectively with rubber-insulated wire, ground wire is welded with sensor outer housing.Afterwards with hot melt adhesive by joint sealing, play the effect of waterproof and fixed cable.After hot melt adhesive cooling, utilize Copper Foil to be wrapped up by all joints, play the effect of shielding outside electromagnetic interference.
In measuring process, the quick-fried heart of explosive is pointed in sensor thickness direction, reduces the impact that distortion produces measuring-signal, decreases the response time of sensor simultaneously.Explosive is ignited by pulsed constant current supply, and the burst length is set to 50us.The measurement cable of sensor is connected to copper-manganese stress ga(u)ge, forms Wheatstone bridge with instrument internal circuit, utilizes high sensitivity multiturn potentiometer to regulate, Initial output signal is gone to zero.Then, Initial output signal carries out gain through amplifying circuit, and signal is outputted to oscillograph, like this, obtains the output signal after amplifying.
In experiment, TNT dose is 50g, and sensor distance explosive surface about 90mm, shock wave propagates into Sensor from explosive surface and approximately needs about 40us.Record simultaneously, be energized to record signal from detonator, do not last 500-1000us not etc., this time is comparatively large by the impact of detonator and explosive, means, burst length of detonating power supply must not higher than 500us, or lower.Meanwhile, in an experiment, really observe that in water, electric field exists very large interference to measuring, and illustrates that it is necessary for utilizing pulsed constant current supply Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia to detonate.
After having tested, by reading the squiggle on oscillograph, obtaining amplitude Δ V (t) outputed signal, by calculating, obtaining the relative variation Δ R of sensitive element resistance
0/ R
0, then the pressure value P recorded is calculated by the sensitivity coefficient of sensor.According to the principle of work of copper-manganese instrument, obtain sensitive element resistance relative variation Δ R under pressure effect
0/ R
0computing formula as follows:
In formula: Δ R
0/ R
0for the relative variation of manganin transducer resistance after pressure effect, Δ V (t) causes the variable quantity of copper-manganese instrument output voltage for sensor resistance change, K is the system sensitivity of copper-manganese instrument respective channel, for the voltage output value of the copper-manganese instrument that measured resistance unit resistance relative variation causes, system sensitivity K obtains by carrying out system calibrating before testing.
After recording the relative changing value of resistance value, just can calculate shock wave peak pressure by the sensitivity coefficient of sensor (unit pressure causes sensor resistance relative variation).
Manganin transducer of the present invention and device also can be used for the measurement of far field shock wave pressure in underwater blast in addition; when although central far field shock wave pressure is very little (as being less than 1MPa scope); measurement has difficulties; but along with the development of technology; utilize manganin transducer of the present invention and device to carry out far field shock wave pressure in measurement underwater blast by modes such as signal conversion, increase input values, also belong to the protection domain of the claim appended by the present invention.
Certainly; the present invention also can have other various embodiments; when not deviating from the present invention's spirit and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art are when making various corresponding change and distortion according to the present invention, but these change accordingly and are out of shape the protection domain that all should belong to the claim appended by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. measure the manganin transducer of underwater blast near field shock wave pressure for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprising: the sensitive element (2) be made up of manganin silk, two pieces cover copper sheet, measure cable (8) and ground cable (9);
Wherein, every block covers copper sheet by copper clad layers (10) and polytetrafluoroethylene floor (11) formation; Sensitive element (2) is sandwiched between two pieces of polytetrafluoroethylene floors (11) covering copper sheet, it is outside that the copper clad layers (10) that every block covers copper sheet is overlying on its polytetrafluoroethylene floor (11), and be among sealed environment by the filling sensitive element (2) that makes of transparent epoxy casting glue (12) between two pieces of polytetrafluoroethylene floors (11) covering copper sheet;
Wherein, sensitive element (2) comprising: non-sensitive part (5), two lead-in wires (4) and substrate (3); Non-sensitive part (5) and two lead-in wires (4) are all fixed in substrate (3); Every root lead-in wire (4) one end connects non-sensitive part (5), and the other end arranges sensitive element signal and exports solder joint (6); Two sensitive element signals export solder joint (6) and connect the heart yearn and rubber-insulated wire of measuring cable (9) respectively;
Make one piece to cover base plate (1) that copper sheet is sensitive element (2), another block covers the cover plate (7) that copper sheet is sensitive element (2); The copper shell of cover plate (7) and base plate (1) all welds with the heart yearn of ground cable (9) and rubber-insulated wire.
2. the manganin transducer measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
The gross thickness of sensitive element (2) is 0.04mm, wide 9mm, long 60mm, the long 80mm of base plate, wide 20mm, thick 0.45mm, the long 52mm of cover plate, wide 20mm, thick 0.45mm.
3. the manganin transducer measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that,
The non-sensitive part (5) of sensitive element (2) is conveyor screw, diameter 5mm, and the outer boundary vertical range that the centre distance two pieces of non-sensitive part (5) covers copper sheet is 10mm.
4. the manganin transducer measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that,
Two long 47mm of lead-in wire (4), wide 2mm, the spacing 1mm between two lead-in wires.
5. the manganin transducer measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that,
Sensitive element signal exports solder joint (6) wide 2mm, long 2mm.
6. the manganin transducer measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Sensitive element signal exports solder joint (6) and the joint measuring cable (8), and the weld of the copper shell of cover plate (7) and base plate (1) and ground cable (9), all with Copper Foil parcel, form faraday cup.
7. the manganin transducer measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Sensitive element signal exports solder joint (6) and the joint measuring cable (8), and the weld of the copper shell of cover plate (7) and base plate (1) and ground cable (9), all seals with hot melt adhesive.
8. the manganin transducer measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, substrate (3) is insulating material formation.
9. the as claimed in claim 1 manganin transducer measuring underwater blast near field shock wave pressure, is characterized in that, sensitive element (2) for resistance value be the manganin silk in 50 Europe.
10. measure the device of underwater blast near field shock wave pressure for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprising: copper-manganese instrument (13), oscillograph (14), pulse initiator (15) and four manganin transducer as described in claim 1 to 9;
The measurement cable of four manganin transducer is connected to copper-manganese instrument (13), copper-manganese instrument (13) exports termination oscillograph (14), and the ground wire ground connection together of copper-manganese instrument (13), oscillograph (14); Pulse initiator (15) connects explosive;
Wherein, two manganin transducer are placed in explosive circumferential position symmetry, and two manganin transducer are arranged in an end face side of explosive, and the thickness direction of four manganin transducer is all just to the quick-fried heart of explosive; Four manganin transducer utilize fixation with steel wire;
Utilize pulse initiator (15) detonating powder, resistance variations under the effect of underwater blast wave pressure is sent to copper-manganese instrument (13) through measuring cable by four manganin transducer, oscillograph (14) is sent to after copper-manganese instrument (13) conditioning is amplified, at the upper squiggle obtaining shock wave of oscillograph (14), this squiggle is utilized to utilize prior art to calculate underwater blast wave pressure.
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