CN104400207B - A kind of friction stir welding method of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel - Google Patents
A kind of friction stir welding method of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104400207B CN104400207B CN201410536228.2A CN201410536228A CN104400207B CN 104400207 B CN104400207 B CN 104400207B CN 201410536228 A CN201410536228 A CN 201410536228A CN 104400207 B CN104400207 B CN 104400207B
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- steel plate
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The friction stir welding method that the present invention relates to a kind of ferrite/austenite xenogenesis steel plate, belongs to Metal Material Welding technical field. Described method comprises: adopt fixture to fix in the mode of docking ferrite steel plate and austenite steel plate, be fixed on agitating friction soldering equipment by fixture, the stirring-head that agitating friction soldering equipment is set is side-play amount and shaft shoulder volume under pressure apart from the distance of interface, after inclination angle, rotary speed and the gait of march of adjusting stirring-head, welds. The method heat input in welding process is few, can not produce the overheated zone existing in melting welding, do not exist be yet mingled with, common defect in the melting welding such as hot and cold crackle, can obtain the welding point that performance is better, solved a technique difficult problem for xenogenesis Plate Welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Metal Material Welding technical field, refer to especially a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steelFriction stir welding method.
Background technology
The welding of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel relates to multiple industry fields such as nuclear reactor, thermal power generation,In national economy, occupy critical role. But, for current solder technology, the welding of dissimilar steelProblem is still a difficult point. This is because the chemical composition of dissimilar metal, thermophysical property are not mated and chemistryAll there is very large difference in the aspects such as performance, use in the welding process of traditional welding method (as melting welding),May occur weld metal zone fire check, heat affected area cold crack, carbon diffusion, microstructure inhomogeneous, easily produceThe problems such as raw coarse grain zone, cause the mechanical property of welding point poor, cause the problems such as inefficacy (I.Hajiannia,M.Shamanian, M.Kasiri.MaterialsandDesign, 2013,50:566-573). In addition, iron elementThe use of body/austenite dissimilar steel in following clean energy resource-nuclear fusion stack, occupies very crucial position, itsCan the performance of welding point high temperature resistance high pressure, have directly affected the success or failure of nuclear fusion stack and realize commercialization.Therefore, extremely urgent to the improvement of dissimilar steel solder technology.
Agitating friction welding is a kind of novel solid phase interconnection technique, and it has, and strength of welded joint is high, heat is defeatedEnter less, stress is little, be difficult for producing harmful advantage that equates. At present, agitating friction welding is mainly used in aluminium and closesWelding (R.Nandan, T.DebRoy, the H.K.D.H.Bhadeshia.Progressin of the low melting materials such as goldMaterialScience, 2008,53:980-1023), but be rarely used in the welding of the materials with high melting point such as steel. ThisBe fusing point due to steel generally at 1500 DEG C, hardness is also very large, easily causes mixing needle fracture and makes welderingConnect failure. Welding difficulty to dissimilar steel is larger. Because the fusing point of the two, thermal coefficient of expansion, thermal conductivity etc.All not identical, be easy to produce in commissure stress and concentrate and cause failure fracture. The chemistry of dissimilar steel in additionComposition is also different, probably in welding process, forms brittle alloy, and this is also to affect property of welded jointA large hidden danger. In addition, due to the thermoplasticity difference of bi-material, the shape of stirring-head, placement location,Side-play amounts etc. all need to consider. Therefore the technological parameter that, works out a set of optimization is to obtaining good moulding welderingSeam and high performance welding point have great importance. The invention provides one and be applicable to ferrite/Ma ShiThe friction stir welding method of body steel, has optimized the Parameter Conditions that can obtain the good weld seam of quality, effectivelyWhile having solved employing fusion welding method welding dissimilar steel, the problem such as hot and cold crackle, slag inclusion easily causing.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of friction stir welding of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steelConnect method.
The method is selected planar end surface taper mixing needle, adopts certain tilt angle, side-play amount and the shaft shoulder to pressLower amount, controls speed of welding and Rotating speed, ferrite steel plate and austenite steel plate welded,Can obtain the second best in quality welding point.
The method is specially: adopt fixture that austenitic steel and ferritic steel are neatly docked, adopt flush endFace cone shape mixing needle, austenitic steel is as advance side, and ferritic steel is as retreating side, and stirring-head is positioned at OvshinskyBody steel one side, side-play amount is 0～0.4 times of mixing needle end diameter, tilt angle is got 1.5～3 °, edgeBead direction welds; Touch mother metal to be welded from the shaft shoulder and start to calculate volume under pressure, volume under pressure scope is0.1～0.3mm; The gait of march of stirring-head is 50～300mm/min, and rotary speed is 500～1000rpm;After welding finishes, treat that steel plate is cooled to room temperature and unclamps fixture again, to prevent from welding rear distortion.
Wherein, the thickness of ferrite steel plate and austenite steel plate is all greater than 1.5mm and is less than 4mm, twoThe thickness difference of steel plate can not exceed 0.3mm; Stirring-head is made up of the shaft shoulder and mixing needle; Shaft shoulder diameter is greater than10mm and be less than 20mm; Mixing needle end diameter is greater than 2mm and is less than 5mm; Mixing needle rootDiameter is greater than 6mm and is less than 9mm; Mixing needle length is ferritic steel plate thickness and austenitic steel thickness of slabIn degree, smaller's one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 deducts 0.1～0.3mm.
Before the welding of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel, do not need to treat welding steel plate and carry out the pre-heat treatment, welding processIn, do not need heat treated.
The beneficial effect of technique scheme of the present invention is as follows:
(1) property of welded joint is good, and intensity will be higher than the intensity of mother metal;
(2) in welding process, heat input is few, is influenced by heat less, can not produce exist in melting welding overheatedDistrict, do not exist be yet mingled with, common defect in the melting welding such as hot and cold crackle;
(3) can weld scope wide, also can ensure to form the second best in quality weld seam for the material of different-thickness;
(4) physical property while having solved dissimilar steel welding in melting welding is not mated and carbon diffusion problem, weld seamDistrict forms the line and staff control of a certain proportion of bi-material;
(5) post-weld stress is little compared with melting welding, is subject to effect of stress and causes that the possibility of joint early fracture is little;
(6) simple to operate, automation is high, pollute less, good work environment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the friction stir welding method welding process of a kind of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel of the present inventionSchematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with attachedFigure and specific embodiment are described in detail.
The present invention is directed to the various defects that exist in traditional fusion welding method, provide a kind of ferrite/austenite differentPlant the friction stir welding method of steel.
Embodiment 1
Adopt the step shown in Fig. 1 to carry out the agitating friction welding of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel, before weldingDo not need to treat welding steel plate and carry out the pre-heat treatment, in welding process, do not need heat treated; The iron element of selectingBody steel plate thickness is 1.5mm, and austenitic steel plate thickness is 1.6mm; Shaft shoulder diameter is 10mm, mixing needleEnd diameter is 2mm, and root diameter (RD) is 6mm, and length is 1.3mm; Adopt planar end surface taper mixing needle,Austenitic steel is as advance side, and ferritic steel is as retreating side, and stirring-head is positioned at austenitic steel one side, stirsThe distance of centre-to-centre spacing interface is offset and measures 0mm, and tilt angle is got 2.5 °, along bead directionWeld; Volume under pressure is 0.1mm; The gait of march of stirring-head is 200mm/min, and rotary speed is800rpm; After welding finishes, after steel plate is cooling, unclamp again fixture, to prevent from welding rear distortion.
Weld seam pattern from welding can see that employing agitating friction postwelding can obtain smooth, smooth welderingSeam.
Ferritic steel/austenitic steel weldment after welding is stretched in room temperature, the examination from tension failureSample can find out that fracture occurs in austenitic steel one side, and weld seam does not split.
Ferritic steel/austenitic steel weldment after welding is stretched under 550 DEG C of high temperature, from tension failureAfter sample can find out fracture occur in austenitic steel one side, weld seam does not split.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the step shown in Fig. 1 to carry out the agitating friction welding of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel, before weldingDo not need to treat welding steel plate and carry out the pre-heat treatment, in welding process, do not need heat treated; The iron element of selectingBody steel plate thickness is 2mm, and austenitic steel plate thickness is 2.2mm; Shaft shoulder diameter is 12mm, mixing needleEnd diameter is 4mm, and root diameter (RD) is 8mm, and length is 1.8mm; Adopt planar end surface taper mixing needle,Austenitic steel is as advance side, and ferritic steel is as retreating side, and stirring-head is positioned at austenitic steel one side, stirsThe distance of centre-to-centre spacing interface is offset and measures 0.2mm, and tilt angle is got 1.5 °, along weld seam sideTo welding; Volume under pressure is 0.2mm; The gait of march of stirring-head is 50mm/min, rotary speedFor 500rpm; After welding finishes, after steel plate is cooling, unclamp again fixture, to prevent from welding rear distortion.
Embodiment 3
Adopt the step shown in Fig. 1 to carry out the agitating friction welding of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel, before weldingDo not need to treat welding steel plate and carry out the pre-heat treatment, in welding process, do not need heat treated; The iron element of selectingBody steel plate thickness is 3.8mm, and austenitic steel plate thickness is 3.9mm; Shaft shoulder diameter is 18mm, mixing needleEnd diameter is 5mm, and root diameter (RD) is 9mm, and length is 3.6mm; Adopt planar end surface taper mixing needle,Austenitic steel is as advance side, and ferritic steel is as retreating side, and stirring-head is positioned at austenitic steel one side, stirsThe distance of centre-to-centre spacing interface is offset and measures 0.3mm, and tilt angle is got 3 °, along bead directionWeld; Volume under pressure is 0.3mm; The gait of march of stirring-head is 300mm/min, and rotary speed is1000rpm; After welding finishes, after steel plate is cooling, unclamp again fixture, to prevent from welding rear distortion.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that the common skill for the artArt personnel, not departing under the prerequisite of principle of the present invention, can also make some improvements and modifications,These improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a friction stir welding method for ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel, is characterized in that, comprising:
Adopt fixture to fix in the mode of docking ferrite steel plate and austenite steel plate, then pass through fixtureBe fixed on agitating friction soldering equipment, between ferrite steel plate and austenite steel plate, do not stay gap;
The distance that the stirring-head centre-to-centre spacing interface of agitating friction soldering equipment is set is side-play amount;
The depression distance that stirring-head is set is volume under pressure;
Weld along bead direction;
Wherein, ferritic steel plate thickness is greater than 1.5mm and is less than 4mm, and austenitic steel plate thickness is more than or equal to1.6mm and be less than 3mm, or austenitic steel plate thickness is greater than 3mm and is less than or equal to 3.9mm, but twoThe thickness difference of steel plate can not exceed 0.3mm;
Described stirring-head is made up of the shaft shoulder and mixing needle; Mixing needle is planar end surface taper;
The calculated value of described volume under pressure is from the shaft shoulder touches mother metal to be welded; Volume under pressure is more than or equal to 0.1mmAnd be less than 0.3mm;
Described shaft shoulder diameter is greater than 10mm and is less than 20mm; Mixing needle end diameter is greater than 2mm and is less than5mm; Mixing needle root diameter (RD) is greater than 6mm and is less than 9mm; Mixing needle length be ferritic steel plate thickness andIn austenitic steel plate thickness, smaller's one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 deducts 0.1～0.3mm;
When friction stir welding, the inclination angle of stirring-head is 2.5～3 °;
When welding, to screw in the offset direction of mother metal to be welded be austenitic steel one side to stirring-head, and side-play amount is mixing needle end0～0.4 times of portion's diameter;
When welding, austenitic steel is advance side, and ferritic steel is for retreating side;
The gait of march of stirring-head is 200～300mm/min, and rotary speed is 800～1000rpm.
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| CN201410536228.2A CN104400207B (en) | 2014-10-11 | 2014-10-11 | A kind of friction stir welding method of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel |
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| CN201410536228.2A CN104400207B (en) | 2014-10-11 | 2014-10-11 | A kind of friction stir welding method of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel |
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| CN104400207B true CN104400207B (en) | 2016-05-25 |
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| CN105108451A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-12-02 | 安徽富煌钢构股份有限公司 | Welding method for dissimilar steel plate |
| CN105171232A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2015-12-23 | 无锡桥阳机械制造有限公司 | Welding technology |
| US20210114135A1 (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2021-04-22 | Jing-Jin Electric Technologies Co., Ltd. | Welding method for sealing cooling-water channel of electric-machine housing |
| KR20240024341A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2024-02-23 | 카와사키 주코교 카부시키 카이샤 | Friction stir spot welding device and method for operating same |
| CN111037088A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 惠州市亿鹏能源科技有限公司 | Welding process of friction stir welding |
| CN114473180B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2024-08-30 | 江苏科技大学 | Friction stir welding method with adjustable dissimilar metal connection alternating radial force |
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| JP2003225779A (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-12 | Takehiko Watanabe | Dissimilar metal joining method using rotary needle |
| JP5255781B2 (en) * | 2007-04-17 | 2013-08-07 | 英俊 藤井 | Stainless steel joining method |
| JP2009202212A (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-10 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method and apparatus for joining different kinds of material |
| CN101612690A (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2009-12-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of Cu-Al dissimilar materials butt joint barrier friction stir welding method |
| US8464926B2 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2013-06-18 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method of friction stir welding dissimilar metals and workpiece assemblies formed thereby |
| KR101271668B1 (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2013-06-04 | 세종공업 주식회사 | Friction stir welding |
| US20150041521A1 (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2015-02-12 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Method of friction-stir welding of steel sheet |
| CN103008875A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-03 | 北京理工大学 | Dissimilar metal welding joint and welding method thereof |
| CN103600167B (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-11-18 | 太原科技大学 | The welding method of a kind of carbon steel and stainless steel clad plate |
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