JP5255781B2 - Stainless steel joining method - Google Patents
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本発明はステンレス鋼材の接合方法に関し、特に摩擦攪拌接合でステンレス鋼材を接合する際に接合部の錆の発生を防止することができるステンレス鋼材の接合方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for joining stainless steel materials, and more particularly to a method for joining stainless steel materials capable of preventing the occurrence of rust at the joint when joining stainless steel materials by friction stir welding.
従来の金属材の接合方法においては、摩擦攪拌接合（ＦＳＷ＝Friction Stir Welding）により金属材を接合する技術が知られている。例えば、特許文献１では、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼であって、それらの平均結晶粒径ｄがｎｍ寸法で、１０＜ｄ≦５×１０3の範囲にある化学成分的および結晶学的に同種または異種の２つの微結晶体を、摩擦攪拌接合法により接合する技術が開示されている。
しかしながら、上記の技術のように、ステンレス鋼材を摩擦攪拌接合によって接合すると、接合部において錆が発生しやすくなる場合がある。 However, when the stainless steel material is joined by friction stir welding as in the above technique, rust may easily occur at the joint.
本発明は、斯かる実情に鑑み、ステンレス鋼材を摩擦攪拌接合によって接合した場合に、接合部における錆の発生を防止することができるステンレス鋼材の接合方法を提供しようとするものである。 In view of such circumstances, the present invention intends to provide a method for joining stainless steel materials that can prevent the occurrence of rust at the joint when stainless steel materials are joined by friction stir welding.
本発明は、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合部において対向させ、接合部に棒状の回転ツールを挿入し、回転ツールを４００ｒｐｍ以下の回転数で回転させて、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合するステンレス鋼材の接合方法である。 The present invention is a joining of stainless steel materials in which two stainless steel materials are opposed to each other at a joining portion, a rod-shaped rotating tool is inserted into the joining portion, and the rotating tool is rotated at a rotation speed of 400 rpm or less to join two stainless steel materials. Is the method.
この構成によれば、ステンレス鋼材を摩擦攪拌接合で接合する場合に、回転ツールを４００ｒｐｍ以下の回転数で回転させるため、接合部における歪が減少する結果、接合部における錆の原因となるσ相の発生が抑制され、接合部における錆の発生を防止することができる。 According to this configuration, when the stainless steel material is joined by friction stir welding, the rotary tool is rotated at a rotation speed of 400 rpm or less, and as a result, distortion at the joint is reduced, resulting in σ phase that causes rust at the joint. The generation | occurrence | production of this is suppressed and generation | occurrence | production of the rust in a junction part can be prevented.
なお、本発明のステンレス鋼材の接合方法においては、（１）板状のステンレス鋼材の端部同士を突き合わせて接合部とし、回転ツールをその接合部の長手方向に沿って回転させつつ移動させてステンレス鋼材同士を接合する摩擦攪拌接合、（２）板状のステンレス鋼材の端部同士を突き合わせて接合部とし、回転ツールをその接合部で移動させずに回転させて接合するスポット摩擦攪拌接合（スポットＦＳＷ）、（３）ステンレス鋼材同士を接合部において重ね合わせ、接合部に回転ツールを挿入し、回転ツールをその箇所で移動させずに回転させてステンレス鋼材同士を接合するスポット摩擦攪拌接合、（４）ステンレス鋼材同士を接合部において重ね合わせ、接合部に回転ツールを挿入し、回転ツールをその接合部の長手方向に沿って回転させつつ移動させてステンレス鋼材同士を接合する摩擦攪拌接合の（１）〜（４）の４つの態様およびこれらの組み合わせを含む。 In addition, in the joining method of the stainless steel material of the present invention, (1) the end portions of the plate-like stainless steel materials are brought into contact with each other to form a joined portion, and the rotary tool is moved while rotating along the longitudinal direction of the joined portion. Friction stir welding that joins stainless steel materials, (2) Spot friction stir welding that joins the ends of plate-shaped stainless steel materials by butting them together and rotating them without moving them at the joints ( (Spot FSW), (3) Spot friction stir welding where stainless steel materials are overlapped at the joint, a rotating tool is inserted into the joint, and the rotating tool is rotated without moving at that location to join the stainless steel materials together, (4) The stainless steel materials are overlapped with each other at the joint, a rotary tool is inserted into the joint, and the rotary tool is moved along the longitudinal direction of the joint. Includes four aspects and combinations of these friction stir welding is moved while rolling joining stainless steel to each other (1) to (4).
この場合、回転ツールを２００ｒｐｍ以下の回転数で回転させて、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合することにより、さらに接合部における錆の発生を防止することができる。 In this case, by rotating the rotary tool at a rotation speed of 200 rpm or less and joining the two stainless steel materials, it is possible to further prevent the occurrence of rust at the joint.
また本発明は、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合部において対向させ、接合部に棒状の回転ツールを挿入し、回転ツール先端の接合部に挿入されるプローブの直径（ｍｍ）×回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）≦２０００（ｍｍ・ｒｐｍ）となるように回転ツールを回転させて、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合するステンレス鋼材の接合方法である。 In the present invention, two stainless steel materials are made to face each other at the joint, a rod-shaped rotary tool is inserted into the joint, and the diameter of the probe inserted into the joint at the tip of the rotary tool (mm) × the rotational speed of the rotary tool ( rpm) ≦ 2000 (mm · rpm) This is a joining method of stainless steel materials in which a rotating tool is rotated to join two stainless steel materials.
この構成によれば、ステンレス鋼材を摩擦攪拌接合で接合する場合に、回転ツールのプローブの周速度が小さくなるため、接合部における歪が減少する結果、接合部における錆の原因となるσ相の発生が抑制され、接合部における錆の発生を防止することができる。 According to this configuration, when the stainless steel material is joined by friction stir welding, the peripheral speed of the probe of the rotary tool is reduced, and as a result, distortion at the joint is reduced, resulting in the σ phase that causes rust at the joint. Generation | occurrence | production is suppressed and generation | occurrence | production of the rust in a junction part can be prevented.
なお、本発明においてプローブの直径というときは、プローブの平均直径をいうものとする。 In the present invention, the probe diameter refers to the average diameter of the probe.
この場合、回転ツール先端の接合部に挿入されるプローブの直径（ｍｍ）×回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）≦１０００（ｍｍ・ｒｐｍ）とすることにより、さらに接合部における錆の発生を防止することができる。 In this case, the diameter of the probe inserted into the joint at the tip of the rotary tool (mm) × the number of rotations of the rotary tool (rpm) ≦ 1000 (mm · rpm) further prevents the occurrence of rust at the joint. be able to.
また本発明は、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合部において対向させ、接合部に棒状の回転ツールを挿入し、回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）×接合部に対する回転ツールの荷重（×１０３ｋｇｗ）／接合速度（ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ）≦５．０（ｒｐｍ・ｋｇｗ・ｍｉｎ／ｍｍ）となるように回転ツールを回転させて、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合するステンレス鋼材の接合方法である。 Further, in the present invention, two stainless steel materials are made to face each other at the joint, a rod-shaped rotary tool is inserted into the joint, and the rotational speed of the rotary tool (rpm) × the load of the rotary tool on the joint (× 10 3 kgw) / This is a joining method of stainless steel materials in which two stainless steel materials are joined by rotating a rotary tool so that the joining speed (mm / min) ≦ 5.0 (rpm · kgw · min / mm).
この構成によれば、ステンレス鋼材を摩擦攪拌接合で接合する場合に、接合速度が十分に大きくなるため、接合部への入熱量を小さくなり、接合部における錆の原因となるσ相の発生が抑制され、接合部における錆の発生を防止することができる。 According to this configuration, when the stainless steel material is joined by friction stir welding, the joining speed is sufficiently increased, so the amount of heat input to the joined portion is reduced, and the occurrence of σ phase that causes rust in the joined portion is generated. It is suppressed and generation | occurrence | production of the rust in a junction part can be prevented.
この場合、回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）×接合部に対する回転ツールの荷重（×１０３ｋｇｗ）／接合速度（ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ）≦３．０（ｒｐｍ・ｋｇｗ・ｍｉｎ／ｍｍ）となるように回転ツールを回転させて、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合することにより、さらに接合部における錆の発生を防止することができる。 In this case, the rotational speed of the rotary tool (rpm) × the load of the rotary tool to the joint (× 10 3 kgw) / joining speed (mm / min) ≦ 3.0 (rpm · kgw · min / mm) By rotating the rotary tool and joining the two stainless steel materials, it is possible to further prevent the occurrence of rust at the joint.
さらに本発明は、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合部において対向させ、接合部に棒状の回転ツールを挿入し、回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）×接合部に対する回転ツールの荷重（×１０３ｋｇｗ）×｛回転ツール先端の外周のショルダーの直径（ｍｍ）｝３／接合速度（ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ）≦１６８７５（ｒｐｍ・ｋｇｗ・ｍｍ２・ｍｉｎ／ｍｍ）となるように回転ツールを回転させて、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合するステンレス鋼材の接合方法である。 Further, in the present invention, two stainless steel materials are made to face each other at the joint, and a rod-shaped rotary tool is inserted into the joint, and the rotational speed of the rotary tool (rpm) × the load of the rotary tool on the joint (× 10 3 kgw) × {Rotational tool tip outer shoulder diameter (mm)} 3 / joining speed (mm / min) ≦ 16875 (rpm · kgw · mm 2 · min / mm) This is a joining method of stainless steel materials for joining stainless steel materials.
この構成によれば、ステンレス鋼材を摩擦攪拌接合で接合する場合に、接合速度が十分に大きくなり、接合部への入熱量が小さくなるため、接合部における錆の発生を防止することができる。 According to this configuration, when the stainless steel material is joined by friction stir welding, the joining speed is sufficiently increased and the amount of heat input to the joined portion is reduced, so that the occurrence of rust at the joined portion can be prevented.
この場合、回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）×接合部に対する回転ツールの荷重（×１０３ｋｇｗ）×｛回転ツール先端の外周のショルダーの直径（ｍｍ）｝３／接合速度（ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ）≦１０１２５（ｒｐｍ・ｋｇｗ・ｍｍ２・ｍｉｎ／ｍｍ）となるように回転ツールを回転させて、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合することにより、さらに接合部における錆の発生を防止することができる。 In this case, the rotational speed of the rotary tool (rpm) × the load of the rotary tool on the joint (× 10 3 kgw) × {the diameter of the shoulder on the outer periphery of the rotary tool tip (mm)} 3 / joining speed (mm / min) ≦ By rotating the rotary tool so as to be 10125 (rpm · kgw · mm 2 · min / mm) and joining the two stainless steel materials, it is possible to further prevent the occurrence of rust at the joint.
一方、熱伝導率が１５Ｗ／ｍＫ以下である裏当材で接合部の回転ツールを挿入する側の反対側を覆いつつ、２つのステンレス鋼材を接合することが、接合部の温度を均一に保つことができ、良好な接合が得られるため、好適である。 On the other hand, joining the two stainless steel materials while covering the opposite side of the joint where the rotary tool is inserted with a backing material having a thermal conductivity of 15 W / mK or less keeps the temperature of the joint uniform. This is preferable because good bonding can be obtained.
この場合、裏当材はＳｉ３Ｎ４を含むことが、裏当材の熱伝導率と強度を適当なものとできるため、好適である。 In this case, it is preferable that the backing material contains Si 3 N 4 because the thermal conductivity and strength of the backing material can be made appropriate.
さらに、少なくとも接合部における回転ツールを挿入する側を不活性雰囲気下としつつ回転ツールを回転させて２つのステンレス鋼材を接合することが、接合部及び回転ツールの酸化を防ぐことができるため、好適である。 Furthermore, it is preferable to rotate the rotary tool while joining at least the side of the joint where the rotary tool is inserted under an inert atmosphere to join the two stainless steel materials, so that oxidation of the joint and the rotary tool can be prevented. It is.
本発明のステンレス鋼材の接合方法によれば、ステンレス鋼材を摩擦攪拌接合によって接合した場合に、接合部における錆の発生を防止することができる。 According to the joining method of the stainless steel material of the present invention, when the stainless steel material is joined by friction stir welding, generation of rust at the joint can be prevented.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について添付図面を参照して説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
図１は、本発明に係るステンレス鋼材の接合方法の第１実施形態を示す斜視図である。本実施形態では、図１に示すように、板状のステンレス鋼材１，２の端部同士を接合部３において突き合わせ、接合部３の裏面側を板状の裏当材４で覆い、接合部３の表面側から回転ツール５のプローブ６を挿入し、ショルダー７をステンレス鋼材１，２の表面に当接させて回転させつつステンレス鋼材１，２同士を接合する。接合部３の表面側では、回転ツール５を囲繞するようにシールドカバー８が配置されており、シールドカバー８内に不活性ガスが導入され、不活性雰囲気下でステンレス鋼材１，２同士を接合する。 FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of a method for joining stainless steel materials according to the present invention. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the end portions of the plate-like stainless steel materials 1 and 2 are butted together at the joint portion 3, the back side of the joint portion 3 is covered with the plate-like backing material 4, The probe 6 of the rotary tool 5 is inserted from the surface side of 3, and the stainless steel materials 1 and 2 are joined together while rotating the shoulder 7 in contact with the surfaces of the stainless steel materials 1 and 2. On the surface side of the joint 3, a shield cover 8 is arranged so as to surround the rotary tool 5, and an inert gas is introduced into the shield cover 8, and the stainless steel materials 1 and 2 are joined together under an inert atmosphere. To do.
本実施形態において、ステンレス鋼材１，２としては、ＳＵＳ３０４、ＳＵＳ３０１Ｌ、ＳＵＳ３１６Ｌ等のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼、ＳＵＳ４３０等のフェライト系ステンレス鋼あるいは２相ステンレス鋼を適用することができる。あるいは、ステンレス鋼材１，２として、同種の材料ではなく、異種材料を適用することもできる。 In this embodiment, as the stainless steel materials 1 and 2, austenitic stainless steel such as SUS304, SUS301L, and SUS316L, ferritic stainless steel such as SUS430, or duplex stainless steel can be applied. Alternatively, as the stainless steel materials 1 and 2, different materials can be applied instead of the same materials.
裏当材４としては、熱伝導率が１５Ｗ／ｍＫ以下であり且つ９００℃（より好ましくは１０００℃）における曲げ強度が５００ＭＰａ以上、特に好ましくは８００ＭＰａ以上である物質からなる物を適用することができ、本実施形態ではＳｉ３Ｎ４からなる裏当材４を適用する。裏当材４としては、熱伝導率が１５Ｗ／ｍＫ以下であり且つ９００℃（より好ましくは１０００℃）における曲げ強度が５００ＭＰａ以上、特に好ましくは８００ＭＰａ以上である物質であれば適用することができ、例えば、ジルコニア、炭化珪素、ハフニア（ＨｆＯ２）等を適用することもできる。 The backing material 4 may be made of a material having a thermal conductivity of 15 W / mK or less and a bending strength at 900 ° C. (more preferably 1000 ° C.) of 500 MPa or more, particularly preferably 800 MPa or more. possible, this embodiment applies the backing material 4 consisting of Si 3 N 4. As the backing material 4, any material having a thermal conductivity of 15 W / mK or less and a bending strength at 900 ° C. (more preferably 1000 ° C.) of 500 MPa or more, particularly preferably 800 MPa or more can be applied. For example, zirconia, silicon carbide, hafnia (HfO 2 ), or the like can also be applied.
あるいは、接合部３の温度を調整するためには裏当材以外にも、アーク放電やレーザ光照射等を利用した補助熱源や冷却装置を適宜用いることができる。 Or in order to adjust the temperature of the junction part 3, besides the backing material, an auxiliary heat source or a cooling device using arc discharge, laser beam irradiation, or the like can be used as appropriate.
回転ツール５は、図２に示すように略円筒状をなし、先端にショルダー７とショルダー７より小径の略円柱状のプローブ６を備えている。図２に示すように、回転ツール５の先端は、プローブ６を中心に内側に凹面の形状をなしている。これにより、回転ツール５は、摩擦熱を発生する作用の他に、プローブ６がステンレス鋼材１，２を軟化させて押圧し、あふれ出たステンレス鋼をプローブ６が通過した場所に押し込んでいく作用を奏する。回転ツール５の材質は、例えば、ＪＩＳに規格されているＳＫＤ６１鋼等の工具鋼や、タングステンカーバイト（ＷＣ）、コバルト（Ｃｏ）からなる超硬合金、またはＳｉ３Ｎ４等のセラミックス、またはＷ、Ｍｏ等の高融点金属からなるものとすることができる。裏当材４と、接合部３に挿入される回転ツール５のプローブ６の先端との距離は、未接合部を生じないために可能な限り短いことが好ましい。 As shown in FIG. 2, the rotary tool 5 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and includes a shoulder 7 and a substantially columnar probe 6 having a smaller diameter than the shoulder 7 at the tip. As shown in FIG. 2, the tip of the rotary tool 5 has a concave shape inward with the probe 6 as the center. Thereby, in addition to the effect | action which generate | occur | produces friction heat, the rotary tool 5 is the effect | action which the probe 6 softens and presses the stainless steel materials 1 and 2, and pushes the overflowing stainless steel into the place where the probe 6 passed. Play. The material of the rotary tool 5 is, for example, a tool steel such as SKD61 steel standardized by JIS, a cemented carbide made of tungsten carbide (WC) or cobalt (Co), or a ceramic such as Si 3 N 4 , or It can be made of a refractory metal such as W or Mo. The distance between the backing material 4 and the tip of the probe 6 of the rotary tool 5 inserted into the joint portion 3 is preferably as short as possible so as not to cause an unjoined portion.
シールドカバー８は略円筒形をなし、回転ツール５を囲繞するように配置されている。シールドカバー８は、接合時に回転ツール５が接合部３の長手方向に沿って移動するとともに、回転ツール５を囲繞しつつ同方向に移動することができるようになっている。接合時には、シールドカバー８内に不活性ガスがシールドガスとして供給される。シールドガスとして用いられる不活性ガスとしては、アルゴン（Ａｒ）、ヘリウム（Ｈｅ）、ネオン（Ｎｅ）、クリプトン（Ｋｒ）、キセノン（Ｘｅ）等の０族の元素からなるガスを用いることができる。また、Ｎ２ガスやＮ２にＨ２を微量添加したガス等を用いることができる。 The shield cover 8 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is disposed so as to surround the rotary tool 5. When the shield cover 8 is joined, the rotary tool 5 moves along the longitudinal direction of the joint portion 3 and can move in the same direction while surrounding the rotary tool 5. At the time of joining, an inert gas is supplied into the shield cover 8 as a shield gas. As an inert gas used as the shielding gas, a gas composed of a group 0 element such as argon (Ar), helium (He), neon (Ne), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), or the like can be used. Further, N 2 gas, a gas obtained by adding a slight amount of H 2 to N 2 , or the like can be used.
図１に示すように、本実施形態では、接合部３に回転ツール５のプローブ６を挿入し、回転ツール５を回転させつつ接合部３の長手方向に沿って移動させることによって、ステンレス鋼材１，２を接合することができる。本実施形態においては、回転ツール５の回転速度を４００ｒｐｍ以下、より好ましくは２００ｒｐｍ以下として摩擦攪拌接合を行う。より具体的には、プローブの直径（ｍｍ）×回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）≦２０００（ｍｍ・ｒｐｍ）となるように、より好ましくは、プローブの直径（ｍｍ）×回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）≦１０００（ｍｍ・ｒｐｍ）となるように回転ツール５を回転させてステンレス鋼材１，２を接合する。 As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the stainless steel material 1 is inserted by inserting the probe 6 of the rotary tool 5 into the joint portion 3 and moving the rotary tool 5 along the longitudinal direction of the joint portion 3 while rotating the rotary tool 5. , 2 can be joined. In the present embodiment, the friction stir welding is performed with the rotational speed of the rotary tool 5 set to 400 rpm or less, more preferably 200 rpm or less. More specifically, the diameter of the probe (mm) × the rotational speed of the rotating tool (rpm) ≦ 2000 (mm · rpm), more preferably, the diameter of the probe (mm) × the rotational speed of the rotating tool ( rpm) ≦ 1000 (mm · rpm), the rotating tool 5 is rotated to join the stainless steel materials 1 and 2.
また、本実施形態では、回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）×接合部に対する回転ツールの荷重（×１０３ｋｇｗ）／接合速度（ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ）≦５．０（ｒｐｍ・ｋｇｗ・ｍｉｎ／ｍｍ）となるように、より好ましくは、回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）×接合部に対する回転ツールの荷重（×１０３ｋｇｗ）／接合速度（ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ）≦３．０（ｒｐｍ・ｋｇｗ・ｍｉｎ／ｍｍ）となるようにしてステンレス鋼材１，２を接合する。 In the present embodiment, the rotational speed of the rotary tool (rpm) × the load of the rotary tool with respect to the joint (× 10 3 kgw) / joining speed (mm / min) ≦ 5.0 (rpm · kgw · min / mm) More preferably, the number of rotations (rpm) of the rotating tool × the load of the rotating tool with respect to the joint (× 10 3 kgw) / joining speed (mm / min) ≦ 3.0 (rpm · kgw · min / mm) to join the stainless steel materials 1 and 2 together.
さらに、本実施形態では、回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）×接合部に対する回転ツールの荷重（×１０３ｋｇｗ）×ショルダーの直径（ｍｍ）３／接合速度（ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ）≦１６８７５（ｒｐｍ・ｋｇｗ・ｍｍ２・ｍｉｎ）となるように、より好ましくは、回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）×接合部に対する回転ツールの荷重（×１０３ｋｇｗ）×ショルダーの直径（ｍｍ）３／接合速度（ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ）≦１０１２５（ｒｐｍ・ｋｇｗ・ｍｍ２・ｍｉｎ）となるようにしてステンレス鋼材１，２を接合する。 Furthermore, in this embodiment, the rotational speed (rpm) of the rotary tool × the load of the rotary tool with respect to the joint (× 10 3 kgw) × the diameter of the shoulder (mm) 3 / joining speed (mm / min) ≦ 16875 (rpm · kgw · mm 2 · min), more preferably, the number of rotations of the rotary tool (rpm) × the load of the rotary tool on the joint (× 10 3 kgw) × the diameter of the shoulder (mm) 3 / joining speed ( The stainless steel materials 1 and 2 are joined such that (mm / min) ≦ 10125 (rpm · kgw · mm 2 · min).
摩擦攪拌接合によりステンレス鋼材を接合した場合、接合部にはＣｒを含んだ金属間化合物であるσ相が生じる。このため、ステンレス鋼中のＣｒが減少するため、錆が生じ易くなると思われる。そこで、本実施形態では、回転ツール５の回転数を小さくし、プローブの周速度を小さくする。これにより、接合部３における歪が減少する結果、接合部３におけるσ相の発生が抑制され、錆の発生を抑制することができる。また、本実施形態では、接合速度を大きくし、接合部３への入熱量を小さくする。これにより、接合部３におけるσ相の発生が抑制され、錆の発生を抑制することができる。 When stainless steel materials are joined by friction stir welding, a σ phase, which is an intermetallic compound containing Cr, is generated at the joint. For this reason, since Cr in stainless steel decreases, it seems that rust tends to occur. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the rotational speed of the rotary tool 5 is reduced and the peripheral speed of the probe is reduced. Thereby, as a result of the distortion in the joint portion 3 being reduced, the occurrence of the σ phase in the joint portion 3 is suppressed, and the occurrence of rust can be suppressed. In the present embodiment, the joining speed is increased and the heat input to the joining portion 3 is reduced. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the (sigma) phase in the junction part 3 is suppressed, and generation | occurrence | production of rust can be suppressed.
また、本実施形態においては、熱伝導率が低いＳｉ３Ｎ４からなる裏当材４を適用するため、高融点を有するステンレス鋼材１，２を接合する場合であっても、回転ツール５からの熱が接合部３から拡散しにくく、接合部３の表面側から裏面側まで熱の分布が均一になり、均一な攪拌が得られるため、より安定した接合が得られ、接合強度が向上する。特に、本実施形態においては、接合時の温度における強度に優れるＳｉ３Ｎ４からなる裏当材４を適用するため、高硬度を有するために接合時に回転ツール５から裏当材４に１０００ｋｇ以上の荷重がかかるステンレス鋼１，２を接合する場合であっても、裏当材４の強度不足を招くことなく、接合を行うことができる。 Moreover, in this embodiment, since the backing material 4 made of Si 3 N 4 having a low thermal conductivity is applied, even when the stainless steel materials 1 and 2 having a high melting point are joined, the rotating tool 5 Heat is difficult to diffuse from the joint 3, the heat distribution is uniform from the front surface side to the back surface side of the joint 3, and uniform stirring is obtained, so that more stable joining is obtained and the joint strength is improved. . In particular, in the present embodiment, since the backing material 4 made of Si 3 N 4 having excellent strength at the temperature at the time of joining is applied, 1000 kg or more is applied from the rotary tool 5 to the backing material 4 at the time of joining in order to have high hardness. Even when joining the stainless steels 1 and 2 to which the above load is applied, the joining can be performed without causing the strength of the backing material 4 to be insufficient.
加えて、本実施形態では、接合部３における回転ツール５を挿入する側をシールドカバー８で覆いＡｒガス等のシールドガスを供給するため、空気中の酸素と接触することによる接合部３の酸化を防止でき、より良好な接合が得られる。 In addition, in this embodiment, the side of the joint 3 where the rotary tool 5 is inserted is covered with a shield cover 8 to supply a shielding gas such as Ar gas, so that the joint 3 is oxidized by contact with oxygen in the air. Can be prevented, and better bonding can be obtained.
図３は、本発明の第２実施形態に係るステンレス鋼材の接合方法を示す図である。図３に示すように、本実施形態では、ステンレス鋼材１，２同士を接合部３において重ね合わせ、一方のステンレス鋼材１を通して接合部３に回転ツール５を挿入し、回転ツール５を回転させてステンレス鋼材１，２同士を接合する。同様にして、他の箇所にも順次回転ツール１８を挿入して回転させることにより、広い接合部３においても摩擦攪拌接合を行うことができる。 FIG. 3 is a view showing a stainless steel joining method according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the stainless steel materials 1 and 2 are overlapped at the joint portion 3, the rotary tool 5 is inserted into the joint portion 3 through one stainless steel material 1, and the rotary tool 5 is rotated. Stainless steel materials 1 and 2 are joined together. Similarly, the friction stir welding can be performed even in the wide joint portion 3 by sequentially inserting and rotating the rotary tool 18 in other locations.
図４は、本発明の第３実施形態に係るステンレス鋼材の接合方法を示す図である。図４に示すように、本実施形態では、上記第１実施形態のように、回転ツール５の周りのみをシールドカバー８で覆うだけではなく、回転ツール５、ステンレス鋼材１，２及び裏当材４の全体をシールドケース９内に収容し、シールドケース９内にＡｒガス等のシールドガスを供給して、不活性雰囲気下とする。本実施形態では、回転ツール５、ステンレス鋼材１，２及び裏当材４の全体を不活性雰囲気下とすることにより、空気中の酸素と接触することによる接合部３及び回転ツール５の酸化を一層防止できる。 FIG. 4 is a view showing a stainless steel joining method according to the third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, not only the periphery of the rotary tool 5 is covered with the shield cover 8 as in the first embodiment, but also the rotary tool 5, the stainless steel materials 1, 2 and the backing material. 4 is accommodated in the shield case 9, and a shield gas such as Ar gas is supplied into the shield case 9 to create an inert atmosphere. In this embodiment, the rotating tool 5, the stainless steel materials 1 and 2 and the backing material 4 are all in an inert atmosphere, so that the joint 3 and the rotating tool 5 are oxidized by contacting with oxygen in the air. This can be further prevented.
図５は、本発明の第４実施形態に係るステンレス鋼材の接合方法を示す図である。図５に示すように、ステンレス鋼材１，２同士を接合部３において重ね合わせ、接合部３に回転ツール５を挿入してステンレス鋼材１，２同士を接合する場合においても、回転ツール５、ステンレス鋼材１，２及び裏当材４の全体をシールドケース９内に収容し、シールドケース９内にＡｒガス等のシールドガスを供給して不活性雰囲気下とすることにより、空気中の酸素と接触することによる接合部３及び回転ツール５の酸化を一層防止できる。 FIG. 5 is a view showing a joining method of stainless steel materials according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, when the stainless steel materials 1 and 2 are overlapped at the joint 3 and the rotary tool 5 is inserted into the joint 3 to join the stainless steel materials 1 and 2 together, The entire steel materials 1, 2 and backing material 4 are accommodated in a shield case 9, and contacted with oxygen in the air by supplying a shielding gas such as Ar gas into the shield case 9 to create an inert atmosphere. This can further prevent oxidation of the joint 3 and the rotary tool 5.
尚、本発明のステンレス鋼材の接合方法は、上記した実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。 In addition, the joining method of the stainless steel material of this invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, Of course, various changes can be added within the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention.
次に、本発明者が本発明のステンレス鋼材の接合方法により、実際にステンレス鋼材を接合した実験結果を説明する。 Next, an experimental result in which the present inventor actually joined the stainless steel material by the stainless steel material joining method of the present invention will be described.
実験例１
厚さ１．５ｍｍのＳＵＳ３０４板材を用意した。用意したＳＵＳ３０４板材を、図１に示す方法で接合して試験片を作成した。裏当材４には、長さ５００ｍｍ×幅１５０ｍｍ×厚さ９ｍｍのＳｉ３Ｎ４からなる板材を用いた。回転ツール５としては、図２に示すようなＳｉ３Ｎ４からなる回転ツールを用いた。回転ツール５は、ショルダー７の直径が１５ｍｍである。回転ツール５は、プローブ６の直径が根元で６ｍｍ、先端が４ｍｍ、平均直径５ｍｍである。回転ツール５は、接合進行方向の逆方向に３°傾斜されて使用される。
Experimental example 1
A SUS304 plate material having a thickness of 1.5 mm was prepared. The prepared SUS304 plate material was joined by the method shown in FIG. 1 to prepare a test piece. As the backing material 4, a plate material made of Si 3 N 4 having a length of 500 mm, a width of 150 mm, and a thickness of 9 mm was used. As the rotating tool 5, a rotating tool made of Si 3 N 4 as shown in FIG. 2 was used. The rotating tool 5 has a shoulder 7 with a diameter of 15 mm. The rotary tool 5 has a probe 6 with a diameter of 6 mm at the base, a tip of 4 mm, and an average diameter of 5 mm. The rotary tool 5 is used with an inclination of 3 ° in the direction opposite to the joining progress direction.
接合装置は、接合長１ｍ、回転ツール５を回転させる主軸の最大回転速度１７５０ｒｐｍ、最大接合速度２０００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、接合部３への最大荷重５．０×１０３ｋｇｗのエアシリンダによる荷重制御式の接合装置である。エアシリンダによる荷重制御式の接合装置は、回転ツールの挿入深さに比例して荷重が増加するという原理を応用し、荷重が一定になるように制御する接合装置である。 The joining apparatus is a load control type using an air cylinder having a joining length of 1 m, a maximum rotation speed of a spindle for rotating the rotary tool 5 of 1750 rpm, a maximum joining speed of 2000 mm / min, and a maximum load of 5.0 × 10 3 kgw to the joint 3. It is a joining device. A load control type joining device using an air cylinder is a joining device that controls the load to be constant by applying the principle that the load increases in proportion to the insertion depth of the rotary tool.
接合時は、回転ツール５及び接合部３の酸化防止のためにシールドガスとしてＡｒガスを０．０３ｍ３／ｍｉｎの流量で使用した。回転ツール５及び接合装置の冷却のために水冷式のクーリングホルダーを装着した。 At the time of joining, Ar gas was used as a shielding gas at a flow rate of 0.03 m 3 / min to prevent oxidation of the rotary tool 5 and the joint 3. A water-cooled cooling holder was mounted for cooling the rotary tool 5 and the joining device.
図６、７及び８は、実験例１における回転ツールの回転数２００ｒｐｍで接合されたＳＵＳ３０４鋼の金属組織を示す図である。図６、７、８の試験片は、それぞれ接合速度２００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、４００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、６００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで接合された。また、図６、７、８の試験片は、それぞれ接合部３への回転ツール５の荷重を３．６×１０３ｋｇｗ、４．０×１０３ｋｇｗ、４．０×１０３ｋｇｗとして接合された。図６、７及び８に示すように、これらの試験片には、腐食しやすいσ相等をしめす金属組織は表れていないことが判る。 6, 7 and 8 are diagrams showing a metal structure of SUS304 steel joined at a rotational speed of 200 rpm of the rotary tool in Experimental Example 1. FIG. The test pieces of FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 were bonded at bonding speeds of 200 mm / min, 400 mm / min, and 600 mm / min, respectively. 6, 7, and 8, the load of the rotary tool 5 on the joint 3 is 3.6 × 10 3 kgw, 4.0 × 10 3 kgw, and 4.0 × 10 3 kgw, respectively. It was done. As shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, it can be seen that these test specimens do not show a metal structure showing a σ phase or the like that easily corrodes.
図９、１０は、実験例１における回転ツールの回転数４００ｒｐｍで接合されたＳＵＳ３０４鋼の金属組織を示す図である。図９、１０の試験片は、それぞれ接合速度２００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、４００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで接合された。また、図９及び１０の試験片は、それぞれ接合部３への回転ツール５の荷重を１．８×１０３ｋｇｗ、２．０×１０３ｋｇｗとして接合された。図９及び１０に示すように、これらの試験片には、腐食しやすいσ相等をしめす金属組織Ｃが小さい領域のみで表れていることが判る。 9 and 10 are diagrams showing a metallographic structure of SUS304 steel joined at a rotational speed of 400 rpm of the rotary tool in Experimental Example 1. FIG. 9 and 10 were joined at joining speeds of 200 mm / min and 400 mm / min, respectively. Moreover, the test pieces of FIGS. 9 and 10 were joined with the load of the rotary tool 5 applied to the joint 3 as 1.8 × 10 3 kgw and 2.0 × 10 3 kgw, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, it can be seen that these test pieces appear only in a region where the metal structure C showing a σ phase or the like that easily corrodes is small.
図１１、１２は、実験例１における回転ツールの回転数６００ｒｐｍで接合されたＳＵＳ３０４鋼の金属組織を示す図である。図１１、１２の試験片は、それぞれ接合速度２００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、４００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで接合された。また、図１１及び１２の試験片は、それぞれ接合部３への回転ツール５の荷重を１．２０×１０３ｋｇｗ、２．０×１０３ｋｇｗとして接合された。これらの試験片には、腐食しやすいσ相等をしめす金属組織Ｃが大きな領域にわたって表れていることが判る。 11 and 12 are diagrams showing a metal structure of SUS304 steel joined at a rotational speed of 600 rpm of the rotary tool in Experimental Example 1. FIG. 11 and 12 were joined at joining speeds of 200 mm / min and 400 mm / min, respectively. Moreover, the test pieces of FIGS. 11 and 12 were joined with the load of the rotary tool 5 applied to the joint 3 as 1.20 × 10 3 kgw and 2.0 × 10 3 kgw, respectively. In these test pieces, it can be seen that the metal structure C showing the σ phase and the like which is easily corroded appears over a large region.
図１３は、実験例１における回転ツールの回転数１０００ｒｐｍで接合されたＳＵＳ３０４鋼の金属組織を示す図である。図１３の試験片は、接合速度２００ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで接合された。また、図１３の試験片は、それぞれ接合部３への回転ツール５の荷重を０．７２×１０３ｋｇｗとして接合された。これらの試験片には、腐食しやすいσ相等をしめす金属組織Ｃが大きな領域にわたって表れていることが判る。 FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a metallographic structure of SUS304 steel joined at a rotational speed of 1000 rpm of the rotary tool in Experimental Example 1. The test piece of FIG. 13 was joined at a joining speed of 200 mm / min. Moreover, the test piece of FIG. 13 was joined by setting the load of the rotary tool 5 to the joint part 3 as 0.72 × 10 3 kgw, respectively. In these test pieces, it can be seen that the metal structure C showing the σ phase and the like which is easily corroded appears over a large region.
１，２…ステンレス鋼材、３…接合部、４…裏当材、５…回転ツール、６…プローブ、７…ショルダー、８…シールドカバー、９…シールドケース。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 ... Stainless steel material, 3 ... Joint part, 4 ... Backing material, 5 ... Rotating tool, 6 ... Probe, 7 ... Shoulder, 8 ... Shield cover, 9 ... Shield case.
Claims (4)
前記回転ツールを２００ｒｐｍ以下の回転数で、前記回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）×前記接合部に対する回転ツールの荷重（ｋｇｗ）×｛前記回転ツール先端の外周のショルダーの直径（ｍｍ）｝３／接合速度（ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ）≦１０１２５×１０３（ｒｐｍ・ｋｇｗ・ｍｍ３・ｍｉｎ／ｍｍ）となり、
前記回転ツール先端の前記接合部に挿入されるプローブの平均の直径（ｍｍ）×前記回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）≦１０００（ｍｍ・ｒｐｍ）となるようにし、
前記回転ツールの回転数（ｒｐｍ）×前記接合部に対する回転ツールの荷重（ｋｇｗ）／接合速度（ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ）≦３．０×１０ ３ （ｒｐｍ・ｋｇｗ・ｍｉｎ／ｍｍ）となるように前記回転ツールを回転させて、前記２つの厚さ１．５ｍｍのステンレス鋼材を接合するステンレス鋼材の接合方法。 Two stainless steel materials having a thickness of 1.5 mm are made to face each other at the joint, and the diameter of the probe inserted into the joint at the tip of the rotary tool from the root to the tip is a rod-like rotary tool at the joint. Insert a decreasing one ,
The rotational speed of the rotating tool is 200 rpm or less, the rotational speed of the rotating tool (rpm) × the load of the rotating tool on the joint (kgw) × {the diameter of the shoulder on the outer periphery of the tip of the rotating tool (mm)} 3 / welding speed (mm / min) ≦ 10125 × 10 3 (rpm · kgw · mm 3 · min / mm) and Do Ri,
The average diameter of the probe inserted into the joint at the tip of the rotating tool (mm) × the rotational speed of the rotating tool (rpm) ≦ 1000 (mm · rpm)
The rotational speed of the rotary tool (rpm) × the load of the rotary tool with respect to the joint (kgw) / joining speed (mm / min) ≦ 3.0 × 10 3 (rpm · kgw · min / mm) A method for joining stainless steel materials, wherein a rotating tool is rotated to join the two stainless steel materials having a thickness of 1.5 mm .
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| CN104400207A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-03-11 | 北京科技大学 | Friction-stir welding method of ferrite/austenite dissimilar steel |
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| JPS6120676A (en) * | 1984-07-10 | 1986-01-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Butt welding method |
| JP2001121274A (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Device and method for friction-stir-welding |
| JP4219642B2 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2009-02-04 | 株式会社フルヤ金属 | Friction stir welding method of platinum or platinum-base alloy and its joining structure |
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| US20060283918A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-12-21 | London Blair D | Use of friction stir processing and friction stir welding for nitinol medical devices |
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| WO2017154658A1 (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-14 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | Method for low-temperature joining of metal materials, and joint structure |
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