CN104398583A - 一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂及其制备方法,该药剂由主料和辅料组成,所述主料的组成原料药为:木槿花40~90份、虎皮草35~75份、迎春花20~45份、川防风6~10份,亚麻子32~54份、石荠苎40~58份、苍耳草21~35份、油柑叶16~32份、胡桃叶18~40份、细叶桉30~60份;所述辅料的组成原料药为:齐墩果油5~9份、胡桃油10~18份、蛇婆酒浸液15~25份。本发明护理药剂安全无毒,能够杀菌消炎,止痒润肤,保持造瘘口周围皮肤粘膜的干爽;对于造口周围皮肤的刺激性皮炎、真菌感染,疗效显著;还可以使护理变得更加简单,减轻患者的依赖心理,促进其心理康复,树立战胜疾病的信心。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于临床护理技术领域,具体地是涉及一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
造瘘术,就是把有肿块的那段肠子切掉(包括肿块在内),把上段的肠子从肚皮上重新开个口,拉出来,大便以后就从这里出来。造瘘术常见于经外科手术切除结直肠癌的病例,或是其它一些腹腔癌和盆腔癌挤压或是侵犯大肠,有时可能与癌症无关。在这类外科手术中,切除结肠的一部分,或者同时切除全部或部分直肠,所遗留结肠癌患者肠的残端经过腹壁皮肤拉到身体表面,回折成龟颈样后缝在预计形成瘘口的地方。
大多数患者的造瘘口都会产生一些并发症,最典型的就是造瘘口周围刺激性皮炎和真菌感染。造瘘口周围刺激性皮炎是由于排泄物不能有效收集,或造口袋使用方法不良,以及造口周围皮肤褶皱、造口回缩、凹陷等,导致造瘘口周围皮肤受到粪便、消化液的腐蚀刺激,引起局部皮肤红肿、压痛、糜烂、溃疡;真菌感染是由于造瘘口周围环境潮湿,或其他并发症导致皮肤抵抗力下降,以及抗菌素、类固醇药物或抑制细胞生长的药物的使用引起的;另外其余的并发症还包括机械性损伤、压力性溃疡等。
临床上,为保持造瘘口周围皮肤的清洁干燥,对于造瘘口的护理大多是在患者每日排便后用温开水或用生理盐水、碘伏溶液等清洁结肠造口黏膜及周围皮肤,再用温纱布或棉球由内向外清洁并擦干。但是当患者已经出现造瘘口周围刺激性皮炎和真菌感染等并发症的时候,仅用上述护理是远远不够的,需要进行有效的药物处理。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种有效治疗造瘘口周围刺激性皮炎和真菌感染等并发症的护理药剂。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是:一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂,由主料和辅料组成,所述主料的组成原料药为:木槿花40~90份、虎皮草35~75份、迎春花20~45份、川防风6~10份,亚麻子32~54份、石荠苎40~58份、苍耳草21~35份、油柑叶16~32份、胡桃叶18~40份、细叶桉30~60份;所述辅料的的组成原料药为:齐墩果油5~9份、胡桃油10~18份、蛇婆酒浸液15~25份。
进一步地,所述辅料各组份的制备方法为:
(1)成熟的齐墩果清洗后,用粉碎机粉碎成果浆,装饼,在16~17℃条件下,进Yz-130型榨机先低压120kg/emz压榨30分钟,再慢慢升高至350kg/emz压榨300分钟,再经油水分离,滤油机过滤后,得到齐墩果油;
(2)胡桃清理后,脱皮干燥,破碎,置于4.2%KHCO3与26.5%Ca(OH)2混合溶液中,二者体积比为1:0.95,浸泡60小时,取出清洗干净,入烤箱180~190℃烘制15~20分钟,冷却至常温后磨细,再加0.85倍量的水,调节温度至60~70℃,恒温搅拌30分钟,再用离心机300~400r/min进行离心分离,得到胡桃油;
(3)取蛇婆,按料液比1:3的比例,加入75%的酒精浸泡2~3天,过滤得到蛇婆酒浸液。
本发明的另一技术方案是:一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按配比取木槿花、虎皮草、迎春花、川防风,入榨机榨出汁,过滤,脱色处理,再过滤,得到纯净药液备用;
步骤二,按配比取亚麻子、石荠苎、苍耳草、油柑叶、胡桃叶、细叶桉,粉碎,20~30目过筛,置于提取罐内,加6~10倍量的水,95~98℃微沸回流1~2小时,回流提取1~3次,得到提取液,经醇沉后,获得上清液备用;
步骤三,辅料的制备:
(1)成熟的齐墩果清洗后,用粉碎机粉碎成果浆,装饼,在16~17℃条件下,进Yz~130型榨机先低压120kg/emz压榨30分钟,再慢慢升高至350kg/emz压榨300分钟,再经油水分离,滤油机过滤后,得到齐墩果油;
(2)胡桃清理后,脱皮干燥,破碎,置于4.2%KHCO3与26.5%Ca(OH)2混合溶液中,二者体积比为1:0.95,浸泡60小时,取出清洗干净,入烤箱180~190℃烘制15~20分钟,冷却至常温后磨细,再加0.85倍量的水,调节温度至60~70℃,恒温搅拌30分钟,再用离心机300~400r/min进行离心分离,得到胡桃油;
(3)取蛇婆,按料液比1:3的比例,加入75%的酒精浸泡2~3天,过滤得到蛇婆酒浸液。
步骤四,合并上述步骤一与步骤二的药液,将齐墩果油与胡桃油溶解到蛇婆酒浸液中,搅拌下缓缓加入上述药液中,用PEG-400定容,继续搅拌均匀,脱泡,灌装即得。
进一步地,所述的脱色处理具体为:加入20~25%的石灰乳,充分反应后,再调节pH至3以下,静置50~60分钟。
进一步地,所述的醇沉操作具体为:按1:0.8的比例往提取液中加入86~90%的乙醇,静置2~6小时。醇沉能有效提高活性成分含量。
进一步地,所述的脱泡方法为:用超声消泡器,控制液体的流速为1.8~2.0m3/hr,超声功率为200~250W,超声频率为24~26KHz,进行脱泡。超声波在液体中产生空化作用,使得液体中溶解的气体不断凝聚,成为很细小的气泡,这些小气泡迅速聚合后成为球状气泡脱离液体表面,所以可有效去除溶解在液体里的各类气体。
本发明护理药剂的组成原料其药性及主治功能为:木槿花,甘苦,凉。清热,利湿,凉血。治肠风泻血,痢疾,白带。消疮肿,治皮肤病。虎皮草,清热解毒,止咳,止带,收敛生肌。。主臁疮;烫伤。迎春花,苦;微辛;性平。清热解毒;活血消肿。主发热头痛;咽喉肿痛;小便热痛;恶疮肿毒;跌打损伤。皮肤溃烂,外阴瘙痒。川防风,味辛;微甘;性微温。发表;祛风;胜湿;止痛。主风寒感冒;感冒夹湿;头痛;昏眩;寒湿腹痛;泄泻;风湿痹痛;四肢拘挛;破伤风;目赤;疮疡;疝瘕;疥癣;风疹。亚麻子,甘、平。归肺、肝、大肠经。润燥,祛风。用于肠燥便秘,皮肤干燥瘙痒,起鳞屑,过敏性皮炎,皮肤瘙痒;疮疡湿疹。石荠苎,辛苦,凉。祛风,散瘀,破结,消毒。治伤寒头痛,中风口噤,衄血,肠风,止血治创伤出血,润肌肤,滋颜色,败疮毒,疗湿疹,止瘙痒。苍耳草,辛、苦,温;有毒。子宫出血,深部脓肿,麻风,皮肤湿疹。油柑叶,治皮肤湿疹,疔疮,痔漏。清热解毒;杀菌去腐,利湿消肿。清热解毒;治皮肤湿疹,疔疮,痔漏。胡桃叶,水提取物(不含胡桃叶醌)对炭疽杆菌、白喉杆菌有强大的杀菌作用,对霍乱弧菌、枯草杆菌、肺炎球菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌有微弱的杀菌作用。细叶桉,辛、微苦,温。消炎杀菌,防治疟疾,肠炎,腹泻,痢疾,皮肤溃烂,痈疮红肿,丹毒,乳腺炎,外伤感染,皮癣,神经性皮炎。齐墩果,微苦;性平。润肠通便;解毒敛疮。主肠燥便秘;水火烫伤;高血压;高血脂;冠心病等。胡桃油,治绦虫,疥癣,冻疮,聤耳。外用于皮肤病,止痒;敛疮。蛇婆,味咸;性平。祛风湿,通络止痛;解毒。主风湿痹痛;肌肤麻木;疥癣;皮肤湿痒;疮疖。
本发明的有益效果表现为:
首先,本发明护理药剂为纯中草药配方,安全无毒,能够有效杀菌消炎,止痒润肤,并保持造瘘口周围皮肤粘膜的干爽;
其次,对于因粪便外溢导致的刺激性皮炎,如造口周围皮肤红、肿、皮疹、糜烂、化脓、溃疡等,以及因环境潮湿,尿路感染、其他并发症导致皮肤抵抗力下降,或抗菌素、类固醇药物或抑制细胞生长的药物的使用等,所导致的真菌感染,均有显著疗效。
第三,使用本发明护理药剂进行肠造口的护理,可以使护理变得更加简单,减轻患者的依赖心理,进一步促进其心理康复,让患者勇敢地正视现实,振作起来,树立战胜疾病的信心。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细的叙述,以进一步突出本发明的特点、目的和优势。
实施例1:
一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂,由主料和辅料组成,所述主料的组成原料药为:木槿花40份、虎皮草35份、迎春花20份、川防风6份,亚麻子32份、石荠苎40份、苍耳草21份、油柑叶16份、胡桃叶18份、细叶桉30份;所述辅料的的组成原料药为:齐墩果油5份、胡桃油10份、蛇婆酒浸液15份。
该护理药剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按配比取木槿花、虎皮草、迎春花、川防风,入榨机榨出汁,过滤;加入20%的石灰乳,充分反应后,再调节pH至3以下,静置50分钟,脱色处理后,再过滤,得到纯净药液备用;
步骤二,按配比取亚麻子、石荠苎、苍耳草、油柑叶、胡桃叶、细叶桉,粉碎,20目过筛,置于提取罐内,加6倍量的水,95℃微沸回流1小时,回流提取1次,得到提取液,按1:0.8的比例往提取液中加入86%的乙醇,静置2小时,进行醇沉,有效提高活性成分含量,最后获得上清液备用;
步骤三,辅料的制备:
(1)成熟的齐墩果清洗后,用粉碎机粉碎成果浆,装饼,在16℃条件下,进Yz-130型榨机先低压120kg/emz压榨30分钟,再慢慢升高至350kg/emz压榨300分钟,再经油水分离,滤油机过滤后,得到齐墩果油;
(2)胡桃清理后,脱皮干燥,破碎,置于4.2%KHCO3与26.5%Ca(OH)2混合溶液中,二者体积比为1:0.95,浸泡60小时,取出清洗干净,入烤箱180℃烘制15分钟,冷却至常温后磨细,再加0.85倍量的水,调节温度至60℃,恒温搅拌30分钟,再用离心机300r/min进行离心分离,得到胡桃油;
(3)取蛇婆,按料液比1:3的比例,加入75%的酒精浸泡2天,过滤得到蛇婆酒浸液;
步骤四,合并上述步骤一与步骤二的药液,将齐墩果油与胡桃油溶解到蛇婆酒浸液中,搅拌下缓缓加入上述药液中,用PEG-400定容,继续搅拌均匀,用超声消泡器,控制液体的流速为1.8m3/hr,超声功率为200W,超声频率为24KHz,进行脱泡,超声波在液体中产生空化作用,使得液体中溶解的气体不断凝聚,成为很细小的气泡,这些小气泡迅速聚合后成为球状气泡脱离液体表面,所以可有效去除溶解在液体里的各类气体,最后灌装即得。
实施例2:
一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂,由主料和辅料组成,所述主料的组成原料药为:木槿花65份、虎皮草55份、迎春花32.5份、川防风8份,亚麻子43份、石荠苎49份、苍耳草28份、油柑叶24份、胡桃叶29份、细叶桉45份;所述辅料的的组成原料药为:齐墩果油7份、胡桃油14份、蛇婆酒浸液20份。
该护理药剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按配比取木槿花、虎皮草、迎春花、川防风,入榨机榨出汁,过滤;加入22.5%的石灰乳,充分反应后,再调节pH至3以下,静置55分钟,脱色处理后,再过滤,得到纯净药液备用;
步骤二,按配比取亚麻子、石荠苎、苍耳草、油柑叶、胡桃叶、细叶桉,粉碎,25目过筛,置于提取罐内,加8倍量的水,96.5℃微沸回流1.5小时,回流提取2次,得到提取液,按1:0.8的比例往提取液中加入88%的乙醇,静置4小时,进行醇沉,有效提高活性成分含量,最后获得上清液备用;
步骤三,辅料的制备:
(1)成熟的齐墩果清洗后,用粉碎机粉碎成果浆,装饼,在16.5℃条件下,进Yz-130型榨机先低压120kg/emz压榨30分钟,再慢慢升高至350kg/emz压榨300分钟,再经油水分离,滤油机过滤后,得到齐墩果油;
(2)胡桃清理后,脱皮干燥,破碎,置于4.2%KHCO3与26.5%Ca(OH)2混合溶液中,二者体积比为1:0.95,浸泡60小时,取出清洗干净,入烤箱185℃烘制17.5分钟,冷却至常温后磨细,再加0.85倍量的水,调节温度至65℃,恒温搅拌30分钟,再用离心机350r/min进行离心分离,得到胡桃油;
(3)取蛇婆,按料液比1:3的比例,加入75%的酒精浸泡2.5天,过滤得到蛇婆酒浸液;
步骤四,合并上述步骤一与步骤二的药液,将齐墩果油与胡桃油溶解到蛇婆酒浸液中,搅拌下缓缓加入上述药液中,用PEG-400定容,继续搅拌均匀,用超声消泡器,控制液体的流速为1.9m3/hr,超声功率为225W,超声频率为25KHz,进行脱泡,超声波在液体中产生空化作用,使得液体中溶解的气体不断凝聚,成为很细小的气泡,这些小气泡迅速聚合后成为球状气泡脱离液体表面,所以可有效去除溶解在液体里的各类气体,最后灌装即得。
实施例3:
一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂,由主料和辅料组成,所述主料的组成原料药为:木槿花90份、虎皮草75份、迎春花45份、川防风10份,亚麻子54份、石荠苎58份、苍耳草35份、油柑叶32份、胡桃叶40份、细叶桉60份;所述辅料的的组成原料药为:齐墩果油9份、胡桃油18份、蛇婆酒浸液25份。
该护理药剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按配比取木槿花、虎皮草、迎春花、川防风,入榨机榨出汁,过滤;加入25%的石灰乳,充分反应后,再调节pH至3以下,静置60分钟,脱色处理后,再过滤,得到纯净药液备用;
步骤二,按配比取亚麻子、石荠苎、苍耳草、油柑叶、胡桃叶、细叶桉,粉碎,30目过筛,置于提取罐内,加10倍量的水,98℃微沸回流2小时,回流提取3次,得到提取液,按1:0.8的比例往提取液中加入90%的乙醇,静置6小时,进行醇沉,有效提高活性成分含量,最后获得上清液备用;
步骤三,辅料的制备:
(1)成熟的齐墩果清洗后,用粉碎机粉碎成果浆,装饼,在17℃条件下,进Yz-130型榨机先低压120kg/emz压榨30分钟,再慢慢升高至350kg/emz压榨300分钟,再经油水分离,滤油机过滤后,得到齐墩果油;
(2)胡桃清理后,脱皮干燥,破碎,置于4.2%KHCO3与26.5%Ca(OH)2混合溶液中,二者体积比为1:0.95,浸泡60小时,取出清洗干净,入烤箱190℃烘制20分钟,冷却至常温后磨细,再加0.85倍量的水,调节温度至70℃,恒温搅拌30分钟,再用离心机400r/min进行离心分离,得到胡桃油;
(3)取蛇婆,按料液比1:3的比例,加入75%的酒精浸泡3天,过滤得到蛇婆酒浸液;
步骤四,合并上述步骤一与步骤二的药液,将齐墩果油与胡桃油溶解到蛇婆酒浸液中,搅拌下缓缓加入上述药液中,用PEG-400定容,继续搅拌均匀,用超声消泡器,控制液体的流速为2.0m3/hr,超声功率为250W,超声频率为26KHz,进行脱泡,超声波在液体中产生空化作用,使得液体中溶解的气体不断凝聚,成为很细小的气泡,这些小气泡迅速聚合后成为球状气泡脱离液体表面,所以可有效去除溶解在液体里的各类气体,最后灌装即得。
典型案例:
案例一:李某某,男,48岁,山东人。2013年5月因直肠癌做了直肠切除手术以及造瘘术,术后2~3日内开始正常排便,但是由于造口袋使用不当,排泄物不能有效收集,污染了造瘘口,导致患者造口周围皮肤粘膜出现红肿和皮疹,护士使用纱布进行清洗,5日内症状未见好转,后使用本发明护理药剂进行清洗,自开始使用2日内,红肿即消失,连续使用一个月未见任何不良反应。
案例二:牛某,男,34岁,山东人。2013年7月因结肠癌做了结肠切除手术以及造瘘术,术后由于腹泻,排便频繁,粪便外溢浸渍皮肤而出现感染,皮肤出现糜烂、化脓。常规的生理盐水和碘伏溶液消毒清洗不起作用,后使用本发明护理药剂进行清洗,2日后,造口处粘膜开始恢复,4日后糜烂化脓的粘膜愈合,连续使用一周后,造口周围皮肤肤色变得红润,连续使用一个月未见任何不良反应。
案例三:谢某某,女,41岁,山东人。患有盆腔癌,侵犯到大肠,做了切除手术以及造瘘术,由于手术后使用抗菌素、类固醇等药物进行后期治疗,导致真菌感染,使得造口处易出血,甚至溃疡,有臭味。使用本发明护理药剂1日后,出血症状得到缓解,3日后溃疡的皮肤恢复,臭味消失,继续使用一个月未见任何不良反应。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂,其特征在于该药剂由主料和辅料组成,所述主料的组成原料药为:木槿花40~90份、虎皮草35~75份、迎春花20~45份、川防风6~10份,亚麻子32~54份、石荠苎40~58份、苍耳草21~35份、油柑叶16~32份、胡桃叶18~40份、细叶桉30~60份;所述辅料的的组成原料药为:齐墩果油5~9份、胡桃油10~18份、蛇婆酒浸液15~25份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂,其特征在于所述辅料各组份的制备方法为:
(1)成熟的齐墩果清洗后,粉碎成果浆,装饼,在16~17℃条件下,进榨机压榨300分钟,再经油水分离,滤油机过滤后,得到齐墩果油;
(2)胡桃清理后,脱皮干燥,破碎,置于4.2%KHCO3与26.5%Ca(OH)2混合溶液中,浸泡60小时,取出清洗干净,入烤箱180~190℃烘制,磨细,再加0.85倍量的水,调节温度至60~70℃,恒温搅拌30分钟,再用离心机300~400r/min进行离心分离,得到胡桃油;
(3)取蛇婆,加入75%的酒精浸泡2~3天,过滤得到蛇婆酒浸液。
3.如权利要求1~2任意一项所述的一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按配比取木槿花、虎皮草、迎春花、川防风,入榨机榨出汁,过滤,脱色处理,再过滤,得到纯净药液备用;
步骤二,按配比取亚麻子、石荠苎、苍耳草、油柑叶、胡桃叶、细叶桉,粉碎,置于提取罐内,加6~10倍量的水,95~98℃微沸回流1~2小时,回流提取1~3次,得到提取液,经醇沉后,获得上清液备用;
步骤三,辅料的制备:
(1)成熟的齐墩果清洗后,粉碎成果浆,装饼,在16~17℃条件下,进榨机压榨300分钟,再经油水分离,滤油机过滤后,得到齐墩果油;
(2)胡桃清理后,脱皮干燥,破碎,置于4.2%KHCO3与26.5%Ca(OH)2混合溶液中,浸泡60小时,取出清洗干净,入烤箱180~190℃烘制,磨细,再加0.85倍量的水,调节温度至60~70℃,恒温搅拌30分钟,再用离心机300~400r/min进行离心分离,得到胡桃油;
(3)取蛇婆,加入75%的酒精浸泡2~3天,过滤得到蛇婆酒浸液。
步骤四,合并上述步骤一与步骤二的药液,将齐墩果油与胡桃油溶解到蛇婆酒浸液中,搅拌下缓缓加入上述药液中,用PEG-400定容,继续搅拌均匀,脱泡,灌装即得。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的脱色处理具体为:加入20~25%的石灰乳,充分反应后,再调节pH至3以下,静置50~60分钟。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的醇沉操作具体为:按1:0.8的比例往提取液中加入无水乙醇,静置2~6小时。
6.如权利要求3所述的一种造瘘口周围皮肤护理药剂的制备方法,其特征在于所述的脱泡方法为:用超声消泡器,控制液体的流速为1.8~2.0m3/hr,超声功率为200~250W,超声频率为24~26KHz,进行脱泡。
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