CN104390093B - Close water, Air-tight Test method and usedly close water, double-purpose shutoff of holding one's breath test air bag - Google Patents
Close water, Air-tight Test method and usedly close water, double-purpose shutoff of holding one's breath test air bag Download PDFInfo
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- CN104390093B CN104390093B CN201410358517.8A CN201410358517A CN104390093B CN 104390093 B CN104390093 B CN 104390093B CN 201410358517 A CN201410358517 A CN 201410358517A CN 104390093 B CN104390093 B CN 104390093B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/10—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses
- F16L55/12—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses by introducing into the pipe a member expandable in situ
- F16L55/128—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses by introducing into the pipe a member expandable in situ introduced axially into the pipe or hose
- F16L55/132—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses by introducing into the pipe a member expandable in situ introduced axially into the pipe or hose the closure device being a plug fixed by radially deforming the packing
- F16L55/134—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses by introducing into the pipe a member expandable in situ introduced axially into the pipe or hose the closure device being a plug fixed by radially deforming the packing by means of an inflatable packing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
- G01M3/2807—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes
- G01M3/2815—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes using pressure measurements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Air-tight Test method of the present invention, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: (1) use before to pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test air bag carry out pressure test and seal inspection; (2) air compressor must be equipped with pressure control device and pressure relief device, guarantees that gas replenishment process is controlled; (3) guarantee that pipeline free from flaw, hole, interface are tight before test; (4) should process the inwall at the drainage pipe two ends and pipe plug contact segment of closing water Air-tight Test, make its clean, smooth; (5) close water experiment preceding pipeline can not backfill, inspection shaft builds height by laying bricks or stones higher than pipe top 500mm; (6) respectively by pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and be arranged on pipe interior two ends, every termination upward pressure table and charging air inlet.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, have easy and simple to handle, durable, Safety performance is high, a stifled advantage such as dual-purpose, efficiency of construction is high, economizes on resources, and is conducive to the Air-tight Test method promoting energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Pipe installing field, relate to one close water, Air-tight Test method and usedly close water, double-purpose shutoff of holding one's breath test air bag.
Background technique
Along with the development in city, sewerage construction gets more and more.All pipeline leak test will be carried out according to the storm sewer under code requirement sewage conduct, the dirty mixed flow pipeline of rain and special geologic condition.But close water, Air-tight Test shutoff imprecision often becomes the unsuccessful one of the main reasons of pipeline leak test, the routine equipment of holding one's breath has the features such as fragile, working life is short, and the equipment that closed-water test and Air-tight Test need two covers different.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in order to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, provide one close water, Air-tight Test method and usedly close water, double-purpose shutoff of holding one's breath test air bag.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Air-tight Test method of the present invention, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) to pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and carry out pressure test and seal inspection before using, guarantee in its use safety in range of working pressure and process of the test air tight;
(2) air compressor must be equipped with pressure control device and pressure relief device, guarantees that gas replenishment process is controlled;
(3) guarantee before test that pipeline free from flaw, hole, interface are tight, mouth of pipe impulse-free robustness;
(4) should process the inwall at the drainage pipe two ends and pipe plug contact segment of closing water Air-tight Test, make its clean, smooth, remove inner-walls of duct burr, salient point, honeycomb, pitted skin;
(5) close water hold one's breath experiment preceding pipeline can not backfill, inspection shaft build by laying bricks or stones height higher than pipe top 500mm, avoid situation of hurting sb.'s feelings because of balloon burst;
(6) respectively by pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and be arranged on pipe interior two ends, every termination upward pressure table and charging air inlet;
(7) with gas-filled pump to pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test airbag aeration, be forced into 0.15 ~ 0.2Mpa by seal for pipe joints, check pipe plug sealing situation with sprinkling foaming liquid and process;
(8) in pipeline, be inflated to 3000Pa with air compressor, close the air valve of water Air-tight Test air bag, air pressure is tended towards stability; Pipe plug air bag is checked and closes the sealing situation of water Air-tight Test air bag line up that the air pressure in body observed by pipe plug air bag and close after water Air-tight Test air bag line up seals completely with atomizers spray foaming liquid; Body internal air pressure is down to 2000Pa from 3000Pa and is lasted and be no less than 5 minutes, can think stable; When air pressure declines very fast, pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test air bag and can suitably inflate; When declining too slow, pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test air bag and can suitably exit;
(9) hold one's breath the time according to the regulation of different tube diameters, measure and record pipeline internal air pressure from the pressure gauge reading after 2000Pa decline, its time dropping to 1500Pa must not be less than the stipulated time;
(10) to close water Air-tight Test complete for pipeline, the gas first in purging line, then drain gas shutoff capsule and the gas that closes in water Air-tight Test air bag, guarantees that relief opening can not aim at people or thing, and should control exhaust velocity in exhaust process;
(11) dismantle pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test air bag, should handle with care during dismounting, after dismounting, pressure gauge be dismantled mounted box, air bag is forbidden to stack, bend;
(12) tight monitoring pressure table and air compressor in process of the test.
Closed-water test method of the present invention, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) to pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and carry out pressure test and seal inspection before using, guarantee in its use safety in range of working pressure and process of the test air tight;
(2) air compressor must be equipped with pressure control device and pressure relief device, guarantees that gas replenishment process is controlled;
(3) guarantee before test that pipeline free from flaw, hole, interface are tight, mouth of pipe impulse-free robustness;
(4) should process the drainage pipe two ends of closed-water test and the inwall of pipe plug contact segment, make its clean, smooth, remove inner-walls of duct burr, salient point, honeycomb, pitted skin;
(5) close water experiment preceding pipeline can not backfill, inspection shaft builds height by laying bricks or stones higher than pipe top 500mm, avoids situation of hurting sb.'s feelings because of balloon burst;
(6) respectively by pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and be arranged on the inner two ends of test pipe, every termination upward pressure table and charging air inlet;
(7) with gas-filled pump to pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test airbag aeration, be forced into 0.15 ~ 0.2Mpa by seal for pipe joints, check pipe plug sealing situation with sprinkling foaming liquid and process;
(8) plastic tube is drawn from the pipeline filling channel closing water Air-tight Test air bag, plastic tube connects the glass tube of a range 50cm vertically placed, minimum scale 1mm, specification specified altitude is filled to from experimental channel intermediate inspection well, within a certain period of time from glass tube viewing infiltration height, calculate water percolating capacity;
(9) dismantle pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test air bag, should handle with care during dismounting, after dismounting, pressure gauge be dismantled mounted box, air bag is forbidden to stack, bend.
Air-tight Test method of the present invention, this method was applicable to drainage pipe before backfill, level of ground water lower than pipe outer bottom 500 ㎜, the concrete drain pipeline of diameter 300 ~ 1200 ㎜ and chemical building material pipe; Ambient temperature is-15 ~ 50 DEG C; When rainy, must not carry out closing water, Air-tight Test.
The pipe plug air bag that Air-tight Test method of the present invention uses, it is characterized in that: comprise the shutoff seat that the airbag body be made up of rubber and sealing are arranged on airbag body two ends, the shutoff seat of airbag body one end is provided with plugging valve, the shutoff seat of the airbag body the other end is provided with filling channel and stop valve, and is equipped with the pressure gauge of maximum range 0.45 MPa of diameter 100mm; Cylindrical in the middle part of airbag body, the taper shape that two ends are diametrically shunk gradually, this pipe plug air bag is used for closing water, Air-tight Test double-purpose.
Pipe plug air bag adopts six layers of rubber cord fabric Filament Wound Composite to form, and makes with the seamless stickup of high elastic rubber.
What experimental technique of holding one's breath of the present invention used closes water Air-tight Test air bag, it is characterized in that: comprise the airbag body be made up of rubber, sealing is arranged on the shutoff seat of airbag body one end and seals the end plate being arranged on the airbag body the other end, shutoff seat is provided with the air outlet of band valve, end plate is provided with two filling channels with stop valve, with the pressure gauge of maximum range 0.45 MPa of diameter 100mm on each filling channel, can complete simultaneously inflate to airbag aeration with to pipeline, a filling channel is used as this airbag aeration, another filling channel connects air outlet and is used as pipeline inflation after running through whole airbag body, cylindrical in the middle part of airbag body, the taper shape that two ends are diametrically shunk gradually.
Close water Air-tight Test air bag, adopt six layers of rubber cord fabric Filament Wound Composite to form, make with the seamless stickup of high elastic rubber.
technological principle:the frictional force fitting tightly generation of balloon surface and inner-walls of duct is utilized to play the effect of airtight shutoff.During as closed-water test capping tools, according to the gas pressure in the friction factor determination air bag of working pressure and balloon surface and pipeline enclosure.It is 0.40 MPa that this air bag design maximum can bear air pressure, and for the air bag of D600 diameter, active length is 0.7 meter, and the coefficient of kinetic friction of rubber and PE chemical building material pipe is
=0.6, the area of contact of air bag and pipeline is S=3.14 × 0.6 × 0.7=1.319m
2, intracapsular pressure is N=3000pa, frictional force F=
n=0.6 × 3000=1800, total frictional force FS=1800 × 1.319=2374.2N.Pipeline Air-tight Test pressure is 3000pa to the maximum, is 3000 × 3.14 × 0.3 × 0.3=847.8N to the pressure of air bag, and surplus coefficiert is considered according to 1.3, and 2374.2>847.8 × 1.3, frictional force is greater than gasbag pressure.Bag material elasticity is comparatively large, and the air bag of D600 diameter, according to the obstructed variable diameter 1cm of air pressure, can overcome pipe diameter irregular problem.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, structure is simple, easy to use, and Safety performance is high, durable in use, and gas bag sealing performance is good.Of the present inventionly close water, double-purpose shutoff of holding one's breath test air bag converts by the special stop air bag of boats and ships, the plurality of advantages such as have bearing capacity strong, airtight performance is good, ageing-resistant, and deformability is strong, adopts the capable design of spindle, Safety performance height.This test balloon manipulation is easy, durable, Safety performance is high, one stifled dual-purpose, efficiency of construction is high, economizes on resources, and is conducive to the Air-tight Test method promoting energy-conserving and environment-protective.This test instrument is all succeeded in the high and new technology industrial development zone of Intangible heritage garden, Jinan and Jinan City's lack of water application, and relative to other air bags, its superiority is obvious, has good promotional value.This product can be used as closed-water test capping tools and Air-tight Test instrument simultaneously.Adopt special air inlet port design, the problem that " gas transmission designated lane " preferably resolves inflation in airbag aeration and pipeline is set.What this product and method were applicable to the reinforced concrete pipiline of the diameter D300 under all geological conditions to diameter D2200 and chemical building material pipeline closes water, Air-tight Test.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Air-tight Test workflow schematic diagram of the present invention.Fig. 2 is pipe plug air bag schematic diagram, and Fig. 3 is for closing water Air-tight Test air bag schematic diagram.
In figure, 1 airbag body, 2 shutoff seats, 3 plugging valves, 4 filling channels, 5 stop valves, 6 pressure gauges; 7 end plates, 8 air outlets, 9 filling channels, 10 valves.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing is a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention.
Pipe plug air bag, comprise the shutoff seat 2 that the airbag body 1 be made up of rubber and sealing are arranged on airbag body two ends, the shutoff seat of airbag body one end is provided with plugging valve 3, the shutoff seat of the airbag body the other end is provided with filling channel 4 and stop valve 5, and is equipped with the pressure gauge 6 of maximum range 0.45 MPa of diameter 100mm; Cylindrical in the middle part of airbag body, the taper shape that two ends are diametrically shunk gradually, this pipe plug air bag is used for closing water, Air-tight Test double-purpose.
Close water Air-tight Test air bag, comprise airbag body 1, the sealing of being made up of rubber and be arranged on the shutoff seat 2 of airbag body one end and sealing is arranged on the end plate 7 of the airbag body the other end, shutoff seat is provided with the air outlet 8 of band valve 10, end plate is provided with two filling channels with stop valve 5, with the pressure gauge 6 of maximum range 0.45 MPa of diameter 100mm on each filling channel, a filling channel 4 is used as this airbag aeration, connects air outlet 8 and be used as pipeline inflation after another filling channel 9 runs through whole airbag body; Cylindrical in the middle part of airbag body, the taper shape that two ends are diametrically shunk gradually.
Air bag adopts six layers of rubber cord fabric Filament Wound Composite to form, and surface adopts the seamless stickup of high elastic rubber.Pipe plug air bag is only used as blocking pipe and uses.Close water Air-tight Test air bag can be used as blocking pipe and close water Air-tight Test.
This method of inspection was applicable to drainage pipe before backfill, level of ground water lower than pipe outer bottom 500 ㎜, the concrete drain pipeline of diameter 300 ~ 1200 ㎜ and chemical building material pipe; Ambient temperature is-15 ~ 50 DEG C; When rainy, must not carry out closing water, Air-tight Test.
Air-tight Test method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) to pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and carry out pressure test and seal inspection before using, guarantee in the use safety of air bag in range of working pressure and experimentation air tight.
(2) air compressor must be equipped with pressure control device and pressure relief device, guarantees that gas replenishment process is controlled;
(3) guarantee before experiment that pipeline free from flaw, hole, interface are tight, mouth of pipe impulse-free robustness.
(4) should process the drainage pipe two ends of Air-tight Test and the inwall of pipe plug contact segment, make its clean, smooth, remove inner-walls of duct burr, salient point, honeycomb, pitted skin.
(5) close water hold one's breath experiment preceding pipeline can not backfill, inspection shaft build by laying bricks or stones height higher than pipe top 500mm, avoid situation of hurting sb.'s feelings because of balloon burst;
(6) respectively by pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and be arranged on pipe interior two ends, every termination upward pressure table and charging air inlet.
(7) with gas-filled pump, (gas-filled pump maximum inflation pressure can not be greater than air bag working pressure, and aeration speed meets test demand) to pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and be arranged on pipe interior two ends, inflation, be forced into 0.15 ~ 0.2Mpa by seal for pipe joints, check pipe plug sealing situation with sprinkling foaming liquid and process.
(8) in pipeline, being inflated to 3000Pa through closing water Air-tight Test air bag with air compressor, closing the air valve of this air bag, air pressure is tended towards stability; Pipe plug air bag is checked and closes the sealing situation of water Air-tight Test air bag line up that the air pressure in body observed by pipe plug air bag and close after water Air-tight Test air bag line up seals completely with atomizers spray foaming liquid; Body internal air pressure is down to 2000Pa from 3000Pa and is lasted and be no less than 5 minutes, can think stable.When air pressure declines very fast, pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test air bag and can suitably inflate.When declining too slow, pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test air bag and can suitably exit.
(9) hold one's breath the time according to the regulation of different tube diameters, measure and record pipeline internal air pressure decline from 2000Pa after pressure gauge reading, its time dropping to 1500Pa must not be less than the regulation of table 2.
(10) pipeline Air-tight Test is complete, the gas first in purging line, then drain gas shutoff capsule and close gas in water Air-tight Test air bag, guarantees that relief opening can not aim at people or thing, and should control exhaust velocity in exhaust process.
(11) dismantle pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test air bag, should handle with care during dismounting, after dismounting, pressure gauge be dismantled mounted box, air bag is forbidden to stack, bend.
(12) special messenger should be established in process of the test to nurse pressure gauge and air compressor.
6.1 air bag A(mono-): diameter is determined according to test pipe diameter, diameter range DN300-DN1200mm.
6.2 air bag B(mono-): diameter is determined according to test pipe diameter, diameter range DN300-DN1200mm.
6.3 capsule pressure gauges (three pieces): diameter 100mm, range 0-4000pa, it is qualified that the mechanism through possessing detection qu alification is detected.
6.4 air compressors (one): model PL5001D type.
6.4 adjustable spanneres (two): model 8PK-H010.
6.5 toolboxes (one): interiorly put spanner, pressure gauge.
6.6 foaming agents (one bottle): neutral stabilizer.
6.7 brushes (one); For detecting gas leakage situation.
6.8 valves (three): with air bag, diameter 10mm, wrench-type ball valve.
6.9 shutoff screws (two): M10.
6.10 unsintered tapes (two volumes): install for valve, plug.
6.11 generators: power 12kw.
6.12 charging air inlets (three): for inflating in air bag and pipeline.
6.13 temperature transducer.
Closed-water test method of the present invention, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) to pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and carry out pressure test and seal inspection before using, guarantee in its use safety in range of working pressure and process of the test air tight;
(2) air compressor must be equipped with pressure control device and pressure relief device, guarantees that gas replenishment process is controlled;
(3) guarantee before test that pipeline free from flaw, hole, interface are tight, mouth of pipe impulse-free robustness;
(4) should process the drainage pipe two ends of closed-water test and the inwall of pipe plug contact segment, make its clean, smooth, remove inner-walls of duct burr, salient point, honeycomb, pitted skin;
(5) close water experiment preceding pipeline can not backfill, inspection shaft builds height by laying bricks or stones higher than pipe top 500mm, avoids situation of hurting sb.'s feelings because of balloon burst;
(6) respectively by pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and be arranged on the inner two ends of test pipe, every termination upward pressure table and charging air inlet;
(7) with gas-filled pump to pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test airbag aeration, be forced into 0.15 ~ 0.2Mpa by seal for pipe joints, check pipe plug sealing situation with sprinkling foaming liquid and process;
(8) plastic tube is drawn from the pipeline filling channel closing water Air-tight Test air bag, plastic tube connects the glass tube of a range 50cm vertically placed, minimum scale 1mm, specification specified altitude is filled to from experimental channel intermediate inspection well, within a certain period of time from glass tube viewing infiltration height, calculate water percolating capacity;
(9) dismantle pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test air bag, should handle with care during dismounting, after dismounting, pressure gauge be dismantled mounted box, air bag is forbidden to stack, bend.
Do after closed-water test terminates, in pipeline, water enters rain sewage conduct or adopts sprinkling truck to take away, is discharged into specified position.Experimental water should adopt the clean water meeting national drinking water standard, and what prohibit the use sewage, middle water etc. may have an impact to environment and pipeline uses water.
performance analysis:this complete equipment is particularly useful for pipeline Air-tight Test, safe, convenient, durable, reusable 500-600 time, effectively can promote the use of Air-tight Test, the waste of the water resources avoiding closed-water test to cause.Convenient, brief introduction effectively can shorten test period, the reduction of erection time, laboratory data accurate and effective, can accurate testing pipes airtight performance, has good application value.
Closed-water test is more conventional, and to build the performance analysis of brick wall method for blocking by laying bricks or stones as follows:
For diameter 600mm pipeline
Air-tight Test comparatively Conventional disc capping tools performance analysis is as follows:
。
Claims (1)
1. a closed-water test method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) to pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and carry out pressure test and seal inspection before using, guarantee in its use safety in range of working pressure and process of the test air tight;
(2) air compressor must be equipped with pressure control device and pressure relief device, guarantees that gas replenishment process is controlled;
(3) guarantee before test that pipeline free from flaw, hole, interface are tight, mouth of pipe impulse-free robustness;
(4) should process the pipe ends of closed-water test and pipe plug air bag and the inwall that closes water Air-tight Test balloon contacts part, make its clean, smooth, remove inner-walls of duct burr, salient point, honeycomb, pitted skin;
(5) closed-water test preceding pipeline can not backfill, and inspection shaft builds height by laying bricks or stones higher than pipe top 500mm, avoids because of pipe plug air bag and closes water Air-tight Test balloon burst and situation of hurting sb.'s feelings;
(6) respectively by pipe plug air bag with close water Air-tight Test air bag and be arranged on pipe interior two ends, every termination upward pressure table and charging air inlet;
(7) with gas-filled pump to pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test airbag aeration, be forced into 0.15 ~ 0.2Mpa by seal for pipe joints, check seal for pipe joints situation with sprinkling foaming liquid and process;
(8) plastic tube is drawn from the pipeline filling channel closing water Air-tight Test air bag, plastic tube connects the glass tube of a range 50cm vertically placed, minimum scale 1mm, specification specified altitude is filled to from pipeline intermediate inspection well, within a certain period of time from glass tube viewing infiltration height, calculate water percolating capacity;
(9) dismantle pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test air bag, should handle with care during dismounting, after dismounting, pressure gauge be dismantled mounted box, pipe plug air bag and close water Air-tight Test air bag and forbid to stack, bend.
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| CN201410358517.8A CN104390093B (en) | 2014-07-26 | 2014-07-26 | Close water, Air-tight Test method and usedly close water, double-purpose shutoff of holding one's breath test air bag |
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| CN201410358517.8A CN104390093B (en) | 2014-07-26 | 2014-07-26 | Close water, Air-tight Test method and usedly close water, double-purpose shutoff of holding one's breath test air bag |
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| CN104390093A CN104390093A (en) | 2015-03-04 |
| CN104390093B true CN104390093B (en) | 2016-03-30 |
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| CN113406205B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-08-02 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Pipeline damage detection device and pipeline damage detection method |
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| CN104390093A (en) | 2015-03-04 |
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