CN104389216B - The method of separating lignin and holocellulose and application from lignocellulose raw material - Google Patents
The method of separating lignin and holocellulose and application from lignocellulose raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104389216B CN104389216B CN201410563489.3A CN201410563489A CN104389216B CN 104389216 B CN104389216 B CN 104389216B CN 201410563489 A CN201410563489 A CN 201410563489A CN 104389216 B CN104389216 B CN 104389216B
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- lignin
- holocellulose
- sulfonate
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H6/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
Abstract
The present invention relates to the utilization of agricultural fossil data and technology, particularly a kind of from lignocellulose raw material the method for separating lignin and holocellulose. Method provided by the invention, comprises the steps: that a. mixes lignocellulose raw material with alkali lye after, soaking profit rises; B. to through soaking the processing that homogenizes of the lignocellulose raw material that rises of profit, isolated by filtration obtains solid filter residue and filtrate one; C. the solid filter residue after washing is joined to boiling in the benzene sulfonate aqueous solution, isolated by filtration obtains containing the filter residue of holocellulose and the filtrate containing lignin; D. after washing processing containing the filter residue of holocellulose, obtain holocellulose; What e. obtain at step c separates out lignin containing adding water in the filtrate of lignin, filters to obtain lignin filter residue and filtrate two, and lignin filter residue washing and drying is obtained to lignin. The method that the invention provides is simple for process, environmental protection low toxicity, lignin extraction yield are high, separates the holocellulose saccharification efficiency obtaining high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the utilization of agricultural fossil data and technology, particularly a kind of from wood fibreThe method of separating lignin and holocellulose and application in raw material.
Background technology
Day by day serious with environmental pollution along with being becoming tight the day of global fossil fuel, the energy and environmentCrisis has become the major obstacle of 21 century human social. Utilize recyclable organismMatter becomes further urgent and important as the substitute of fossil fuel. Biomass fuel and bio-basedProduct is exactly one of wherein important research direction.
Lignocellulose raw material is renewable resource abundant, the most cheap on the earth. The whole world is everyThe wood fiber biomass that year produces by photosynthesis is up to 1,000 hundred million tons, and still 89% not yetBy human use. The lignocellulose raw material of China is very abundant, and according to according to a preliminary estimate, China is only existingSome agriculture and forestry organic waste materials are just 1,500,000,000 tons (being roughly equal to 7.4 hundred million tons of mark coals), can exploitation amount be about 4.6Mark coals for hundred million tons, add forestry fiber waste-material and the industrial fiber waste residue of enormous amount simultaneously, everyYear, available lignocellulose raw material total amount can reach more than 2,000,000,000 tons. The agricultural of prediction the year two thousand twenty are discardedThing and can exploitation amount will reach respectively 11.65 hundred million tons and 8.3 hundred million tons and mark coals.
In lignocellulose raw material, cellulose accounts for 35～45% of dry weight, and hemicellulose accounts for 20～40%, lignin accounts for 20～30%. Lignin molecule has various active functional group (as fragranceBase, phenolic hydroxyl group, alcoholic extract hydroxyl group, carbonyl, methoxyl group, carboxyl, conjugated double bond etc.), in the modern timesIn industry, have higher value, the lignin product of having developed can reach more than 200 and plant. ThereforeAdopt appropriate technology that lignocellulose raw material is converted into biomass fuel and bio-based product, to meState's economy and social sustainable development have very great meaning.
Biomass Gasification & Power Generation is outshined othersOne branch of the tree is particularly thriving at Biological Energy Industry, biomass solid formed fuelTechnical requirement is low, be easy to promote the use of, but is only applicable to medium small boiler heat supply and middle-size and small-size workIndustry kiln. Liquid fuel is the energy kind that China very lacks, but living beings liquid combustion at presentMaterial technology is not yet ripe, urgently technical breakthrough. Wherein utilize cellulose in living beings,Hemicellulose through saccharification produce the liquid fuel such as alcohol fuel, butanols be important break through direction itOne, its technical urgently one of break-through point is exactly to break away from lignin to cellulosic constraint, separatesGo out to be rich in the raw material of cellulose and hemicellulose for sugar refining technology.
At present China's macromolecular material and chemicals mainly rely on petroleum resources, wherein plastics city onlyConsumption figure just exceedes 7,000 ten thousand tons/year, amounts to approximately 8,000 ten thousand tons of the resources of consuming petroleum, stillBiomass-based substitute products less than 1%, therefore urgently researches and develops the living beings of petroleum replacing base productBase product, as products such as energy-saving and heat-insulating material, thermoset resin material, functional high molecule materials,Reduce oil and rely on, make positive contribution for tackling climate change and energy crisis. But at presentLignin generally reclaims from black liquid, and its recovery is more difficult, and causes environmental pollution.
Therefore, the method for development environment close friend's efficient separating lignin, obtains being rich in comprehensive fiberRaw materials technology and the lignin product of element, the utilization rate that improves lignocellulose raw material has become respectivelyFocus and the focus of state scientific research personnel research.
Find through retrieval, the patent of invention that publication number is CN102561082A disclose a kind of fromLignocellulose raw material extracts the method for hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, and the method is by woodenFibrous raw material first obtains hemicellulose by hot-water extraction, then by the alkalescence under temperate conditionOrganic solvent by lignin extraction out. The method is only applicable to shrub red building, can not be applied toMost lignocellulose raw materials, has significant limitation, and need to add sulfuric acid or saltThe acidic materials such as acid.
For the defect of prior art, the application provide a kind of have universality from wooden fibreThe method of separating lignin and holocellulose in dimension raw material.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention be to provide a kind of from lignocellulose raw material separating lignin andThe method of holocellulose.
The second object of the present invention is lignin and the comprehensive fiber that utilizes method of the present invention to prepareElement and respectively in the application of preparing in fuel or material.
For realizing the first object of the present invention, specifically adopt following technical scheme:
From lignocellulose raw material, a method for separating lignin, comprises the steps:
A. after lignocellulose raw material being mixed with alkali lye, soaking profit rises;
B. to through soaking the processing that homogenizes of the lignocellulose raw material that rises of profit, isolated by filtrationObtain solid filter residue and filtrate one, solid filter residue is washed to processing;
C. the solid filter residue after washing is joined to boiling in the benzene sulfonate aqueous solution, filter and divideFrom obtaining containing the filter residue of holocellulose and the filtrate containing lignin;
D. after washing processing containing the filter residue of holocellulose, obtain holocellulose;
What e. obtain at step c separates out lignin containing adding water in the filtrate of lignin, filters woodenlyQuality filter residue and filtrate two, obtain lignin to lignin filter residue washing and drying.
For cost-saving, reduce discharging of waste liquid, the benzene sulfonate of filtrate two in containing can repeatRepeatedly use. Therefore, the present invention's separating lignin and holocellulose from lignocellulose raw materialMethod also comprises carries out concentration to filtrate two, obtains the benzene sulfonate aqueous solution after concentrating,In step c, reuse as the benzene sulfonate aqueous solution.
For environmental protection and energy saving, cost-saving, minimizing discharging of waste liquid, the present invention is former from wood fibreIn material, the method for separating lignin and holocellulose also comprises filtrate one conduct in step aAlkali lye recycling.
The method of the present invention separating lignin and holocellulose from lignocellulose raw material, step aThe mass ratio of middle lignocellulose raw material and alkali lye is 1-2:10, and the temperature that immersion profit rises is room temperature-120 DEG C, the time is 0.5-24 hour.
Concrete, described lignocellulose raw material is timber, bamboo wood, rattan material, agricultural crop strawIn one or more. Preferably the lignocellulose raw material through pulverizing, preferred, pulverizes grainFootpath is less than 2mm.
Described alkali lye is selected from sodium hydrate aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, ammoniacal liquor or hydroxideOne in the calcium aqueous solution, the mass fraction of alkali lye is 0.1-20%.
Fully moisten and rise in order to reach lignocellulose raw material, taking bamboo wood as example, preferably, wooden fibreThe mass ratio of dimension raw material and alkali lye is 1:5, and the temperature that immersion profit rises is 120 DEG C, and the time is 1-2Hour. The method of the present invention separating lignin and holocellulose from lignocellulose raw material, stepThe step that possesses of processing that homogenizes described in b is: the lignocellulose raw material rising through immersion profit is existedUnder suspended state, implement ultra-high pressure blasting by high pressure homogenizer, pressure is 10-100MPa.
In step c, the mass volume ratio of solid residue and benzene sulfonate solution example is 1:3-20(g/mL), boiling temperature is 120 DEG C-200 DEG C, and digestion time is 1-72h.
In order to reach the object of abundant dissolved lignin, taking bamboo wood as example, preferably, step cThe ratio of middle solid residue and benzene sulfonate solution is 1:15-20, and boiling temperature is160-180 DEG C, digestion time is 3-12h.
Concrete, the mass fraction of the described benzene sulfonate aqueous solution is 30-70%.
More specifically, described benzene sulfonate be selected from benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, benzene sulfonic acid potassium, toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt,Potassium toluene sulfonate, ethyl phenenyl azochlorosulfonate acid sodium, ethyl phenenyl azochlorosulfonate acid potassium, cumene sodium sulfonate, isopropylBase benzene sulfonic acid potassium, butyl benzene sodium sulfonate, butyl benzene potassium sulfonate, sodium xylene sulfonate, dimethylbenzenePotassium sulfonate, isopropyl toluene sodium sulfonate, isopropyl toluene potassium sulfonate, p-hydroxy benzenyl sulfonate sodium,In p-hydroxybenzenyl sulfonate potassium, Sodium dobesilate or 2,5-dihydroxy benzenes sulfonic acid potassium oneKind or several.
In order to reach the object that is applicable to different lignocellulose raw materials, can be water-soluble according to benzene sulfonateThe power of liquid hydrotropy ability is applied to different lignocellulose raw materials. Preferably, hydrotropy ability is strongBe applicable to the lignocellulose raw material that density is large, hardness is high.
The solid filter residue that the present invention obtains step b joins boiling in the benzene sulfonate aqueous solution,Lignin dissolution is in the benzene sulfonate aqueous solution, and holocellulose still exists with solid shape, therebyReach the object that separated and dissolved goes out lignin. The present invention is separating lignin from lignocellulose raw materialWith the method for holocellulose, the 1-5 that the volume of the water adding in step e is filtrate volume doubly.
Utilize lignin product and the holocellulose product that method of the present invention obtains to can be used as rawThing based raw material. Lignin liquefiable is made expanded material, can be prepared environment protection type lignin adhesiveDeng, holocellulose can be used for cellulose hydrolyzation saccharification, and then alcohol fuel and fourth are produced in fermentationAlcohol etc.
The method of separating lignin provided by the invention and holocellulose is simple for process, environmental protectionLow toxicity, lignin extraction yield are high, separate the holocellulose saccharification efficiency obtaining high, alkali lye andBenzenesulfonates solution is recyclable and recycling all, is easy to realize industrialization.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be provided by the invention from lignocellulose raw material separating lignin and holocelluloseProcess chart.
Detailed description of the invention
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1: separating lignin from bamboo powder
The present embodiment possesses and comprises the steps:
(1) bamboo is crushed to particle diameter and is less than 2mm, get 100g bamboo powder and join 500mLMass fraction is, in 10% sodium hydroxide solution, under room temperature, to stir, 120 DEG C of heating60min, naturally cools to normal temperature, obtains the bamboo powder rising through soaking profit;
(2) the bamboo powder rising through immersion profit is added to homogenizer feed hopper, stir material is protectedHold suspended state, then by homogenizer, when recycle stock, also progressively boost, pressureWhile reaching 80MPa, start collection material, material vacuum suction filtration, with Separation of Solid and Liquid, obtains solidFilter residue, washes processing to solid filter residue;
(3) solid filter residue step (2) being obtained joins 40% cumene sodium sulfonateIn the aqueous solution, the mass volume ratio of residue and cumene sodium sulfonate solution is 1:15 (g/mL),Boiling temperature is 180 DEG C, and digestion time is 2h, is then cooled to room temperature, and vacuum filtration dividesFrom obtaining being rich in the filter residue (65.6g) of holocellulose and the filtrate (354.2ml) containing lignin;
(4) after washing processing containing the filter residue of holocellulose, obtain holocellulose;
The filter residue that is rich in holocellulose adopts with the high-efficiency anion of pulsed amperometric detector to be handed overColour changing spectrum is measured, and adopts CNS GB/T2677.8-1994 " paper making raw materialThe mensuration of acid-insoluble lignin content " method processing filter residue, then measure contents of saccharide in acid hydrolysis liquidTo draw the content of holocellulose, calculate after measured holocellulose content and can reach 95.8%.
(5) there is a large amount of wood add the water of 3 times of volumes in above-mentioned filtrate of being rich in lignin afterQuality is separated out, and filters to obtain lignin filter residue and filtrate two, to the process washing again of lignin filter residueBe dried to obtain lignin 19.78g, yield is 86.75%.
The computational methods of the present embodiment yield be the lignin 19.78g that obtains after dry divided byContent of lignin 22.8g in the untreated bamboo wood of 100g.
Lignin filter residue in the present embodiment is at room temperature processed 2 little with the concentrated sulfuric acid (72%)Time, then after being diluted to 3%, being warming up to 120 DEG C of processing 1h, filter residue still exists with solid shape, tableThe bright filter residue obtaining be lignin undoubtedly. Because bamboo wood chemical composition is cellulose, hemicelluloseAnd lignin, and cellulose and hemicellulose in above-mentioned processing before this profit rise, one thenPoint hydrolysis, esterified is then heated in diluted acid, is hydrolyzed completely and becomes monose and be dissolved inWater. And lignin can still exist with solid, can be not dissolved.
Embodiment 2
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is only in step (1), 100g bamboo powder to be addedIn the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution that is 1% to 1000mL mass fraction.
Embodiment 3
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is only to reach 100 at pressure in step (2)When MPa, start collection material.
Embodiment 4
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is only to reach at pressure in step (2)When 10MPa, start collection material.
Embodiment 5
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is only residue and cumene in step (3)The mass volume ratio of the sodium sulfonate aqueous solution is 1:20.
Embodiment 6
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is only residue and 2,5-dihydroxy in step (3)The mass volume ratio of base benzene sulfonate aqueous solution (mass fraction is 70%) is 1:15.
Application examples 1: the recovery energy that is rich in the filter residue of holocellulose
In 100mL plastic bottle, add 1.6g to be rich in the bamboo powder residue of holocellulose, useIt is 4.8 that 40mL citric acid-sodium citrate buffer regulates pH value, the consumption of cellulaseFor 15FPU/g bamboo powder, hydrolysis temperature is 50 DEG C, and rotating speed is 120r/min, when enzyme hydrolysisBetween be 48h. After reaction finishes, measure glucose and content of reducing sugar in hydrolyzate, meterCalculation show that cellulose conversion is that the yield of glucose can reach 85%, and reduced sugar yield exists91.4％。
In above-mentioned enzyme hydrolyzate, add following inorganic salts (g/L): peptone, 5.0; Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphateHydrogen potassium, 2.0; Magnesium sulfate, 1.0; Calcium chloride, 0.25. Then solution being put into stainless steel steamsIn vapour autoclave, sterilization treatment 20min at 121 DEG C. After taking-up, solution 0.6MNaOH or 6% sulphur acid for adjusting pH value be 5.5 ± 0.1. The yeast juice having activatedBe inoculated in hydrolyzate. Yeast-inoculated amount is 2% of glucose amount. Solution is placed in shaking table and opensBeginning alcohol fermentation, controlling temperature is that 37 DEG C, rotating speed are 150rpm. Ferment after 24 hours,Sampling and measuring ethanol content, calculating conversion of glucose is that ethanol yield is 92.6%.
Utilize the saccharification efficiency of the holocellulose that the inventive method obtains can reach 91.4%. And notThe saccharification efficiency of treated bamboo wood generally between 2-5%, the sugar of bamboo wood after dilute acid pretreatmentRate is generally in 60%, although organic solvent pretreatment can make bamboo wood conversion coefficient reach 85%Left and right, but the degraded loss late of holocellulose higher (25% left and right). Utilize this technologyCan greatly improve saccharification efficiency, there is wide prospects for commercial application.
Application examples 2: the preparation of lignin expanded material
Get 8g polyethylene glycol (PEG400) and put into beaker, take lignin 2g and be dissolved inContain in Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dioxane solution, and pour beaker into. Add successively stannous octoate 0.03g,Methyl-silicone oil 0.12g, fully stirs. Take 16g IPDI (IPDI)Add rapidly in beaker, form base polyurethane prepolymer for use as. Drip blowing agent (pentane/water) 1g,Stir after 10s free foaming 120s. Be warming up to 55 DEG C of slaking 24h, take out and get final productTo lignin polyurethane foamed material.
Although, above with a general description of the specific embodiments the present invention has been doneDetailed description, but on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, thisWill be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, do not departing from spirit of the present inventionBasis on these modifications or improvements, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method for separating lignin and holocellulose from lignocellulose raw material, its spyLevy and be, comprise the steps:
A. after lignocellulose raw material being mixed with alkali lye, soaking profit rises;
B. to through soaking the processing that homogenizes of the lignocellulose raw material that rises of profit, isolated by filtrationObtain solid filter residue and filtrate one, solid filter residue is washed to processing;
C. the solid filter residue after washing is joined to boiling in the benzene sulfonate aqueous solution, filter and divideFrom obtaining containing the filter residue of holocellulose and the filtrate containing lignin;
D. after washing processing containing the filter residue of holocellulose, obtain holocellulose;
What e. obtain at step c separates out lignin containing adding water in the filtrate of lignin, filters woodenlyQuality filter residue and filtrate two, obtain lignin to lignin filter residue washing and drying.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises filtrate twoCarry out concentration, obtain the benzene sulfonate aqueous solution after concentrated, in step c as benzene sulphurAcid salt aqueous solution recycling.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises filtrate oneIn step a, reuse as alkali lye.
4. according to the method described in claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that step aThe mass ratio of middle lignocellulose raw material and alkali lye is 1-2:10, and the temperature that immersion profit rises is room temperature-120 DEG C, the time is 0.5-24 hour.
5. according to the method described in claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that step bThe described step that possesses of processing that homogenizes is: make to moisten the lignocellulose raw material rising outstanding through soakingUnder floating state, implement ultra-high pressure blasting by high pressure homogenizer, pressure is 10-100MPa.
6. according to the method described in claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that step cThe mass volume ratio of middle solid residue and the benzene sulfonate aqueous solution is 1:3-20, and boiling temperature is120 DEG C-200 DEG C, digestion time is 1-72h.
7. according to the method described in claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that described benzeneSulfonate is selected from benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, benzene sulfonic acid potassium, toluenesulfonic acid sodium salt, potassium toluene sulfonate, ethylo benzeneSodium sulfonate, ethyl phenenyl azochlorosulfonate acid potassium, cumene sodium sulfonate, cumene potassium sulfonate, butyl benzeneSodium sulfonate, butyl benzene potassium sulfonate, sodium xylene sulfonate, xylene monosulfonic acid potassium, isopropyl tolueneSodium sulfonate, isopropyl toluene potassium sulfonate, p-hydroxy benzenyl sulfonate sodium, p-hydroxybenzenyl sulfonate potassium, 2,5-One or more in dihydroxy benzenes sulfonic acid sodium or 2,5-dihydroxy benzenes sulfonic acid potassium.
8. according to the method described in claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that step eIn the volume of the water that the adds 1-5 that is filtrate volume doubly.
9. the lignin product obtaining according to method described in claim 1-8 any one and comprehensive fineTie up plain product.
10. the application of lignin product claimed in claim 9 and holocellulose product.
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| CN105330869B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-11-14 | 国际竹藤中心 | A kind of method for hydrolysis of lignocellulose raw material |
| FR3044577B1 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2017-12-22 | Timothee Boitouzet | METHOD FOR PARTIAL DELIGNIFICATION AND FILLING OF A LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL, AND STRUCTURE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS |
| FR3067275B1 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2022-08-12 | Timothee Boitouzet | PROCESS FOR PARTIAL DELIGNIFICATION BY SUPERCRITICAL OR SUBCRITICAL ROUTE AND FILLING OF A LIGNO-CELLULOSIC MATERIAL |
| FR3077895B1 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2020-02-28 | Sas Woodoo | TACTILE DETECTION DEVICE WITH TACTILE INTERFACE IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
| CN109265707A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-25 | 青岛科技大学 | A method of separation wood lignin |
| CN109518507A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-03-26 | 华南理工大学 | The method of lignin and the preparation method of lignin particle in a kind of hydrotropes removal sawdust |
| CN109486878A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-03-19 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of biomass lignin separation promotion enzymatic hydrolysis process of environment-friendly high-efficiency |
| CN109851693A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-06-07 | 广西大学 | A kind of method of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in quick separating bagasse |
| CN113293637B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-09-20 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | Method for separating wood fiber components |
| CN116180479A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-05-30 | 北京石大油源科技开发有限公司 | Lignin and holocellulose separation device and separation method |
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