CN104383481A - 一种治疗鼠乳的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗鼠乳的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104383481A
CN104383481A CN201410607462.XA CN201410607462A CN104383481A CN 104383481 A CN104383481 A CN 104383481A CN 201410607462 A CN201410607462 A CN 201410607462A CN 104383481 A CN104383481 A CN 104383481A
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刘香莉
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Shandong Ruikang Life Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗鼠乳的中药制剂及其制备方法,包括以下原料药材:菊花、金银花、降龙草、铁苋、拳参、皂角刺、甘草、蒲公英、忍冬藤、菝葜叶、埃蕾、野马追、李树胶、麻柳树根、独活、防风、藏茄、石韦毛、蘘荷、红曲。其制备过程为:加入上述药物重量的3-4倍水,浸泡20-200分钟;急活煮沸后文火煮25分钟;后重复加水煮沸,合并两次浓缩药液,冷却至室温后无菌封装,封装后的药物即为成品水剂。本发明与现有技术相比,其具有清热解毒、调节气血、解除病灶的功效,去除根本病因,针对性较强,药效直达病灶。

Description

一种治疗鼠乳的中药制剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及药学技术领域,特别涉及一种治疗鼠乳的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
鼠乳,病名。指生于皮肤之小疣赘。出《诸病源候论》卷三十一。因其状如鼠乳,故而得名。其病多因风邪搏于肌肤,或因肝虚血燥,筋气不荣所致。常发生于颈项及胸背等处。症见初起患处生出粟米大或绿豆大的半球状隆起物,表现可呈蜡样光泽,境界清楚,中央凹陷如脐窝状,呈散在分布,挤之可见豆腐渣样内容物及软疣小体,轻度瘙痒。数目由数个至数十个不等。
本病有14~50天的潜伏期。初起的损害为米粒大的半球形丘疹,与正常皮肤颜色无异,逐渐或是迅速增多,扩在致豌豆大,中央有脐窝样凹既陷,表面呈蜡样光泽,境界明显,早期质地坚韧,能挤出一个半固体的乳酪状的白色小栓,称为软疣小体,此物从中央窝突出而明显易见。皮损的数目不定,数个至数十个,或少数散在,或数个聚集,相继出现,互不融合。全身任何部位均可发生,但主要好发于面部、躯干、四肢、阴囊,甚至口腔粘膜及结膜上,此时常有痒感。皮损可长期存在而不引起任何自觉症状,可因搔抓或自身传染而扩散。一般经过6~9个月可自然消退,也有持续3~4年者,甚至个别皮损可长达5年以上。病程与数目无关,愈后不留斑痕。
有极少数患者其皮损可角化成小的皮角,称角化性传染性软疣,皮损有明亦可长大至10~15cm大小,称巨大软疣,多单发,容易激发细菌感染而发生炎症。
因而在一般情况下,如果患者不进行治疗,则需要忍受较长时间的病痛,甚至产生大面积传染,而如果治疗,则需要以外治为主,皮肤常规消毒后,用止血钳夹住病灶处,挤尽皮损中色乳酪样物,再用碘酒点涂患处,同时配合药物服用,如马齿苋合剂,这种治疗方法虽然短期内将鼠乳治愈,但是复发率高,无法达到标本兼治的目的,而且治疗时患者患部奇痒,难以忍受。
仔细研究发现,鼠乳病状多由气血失和,腠理不密,复感风邪之毒,搏结于肌肤;或肝旺血虚,筋气不荣,腠理不密,复感他邪,凝聚肌肤;或由传染所致,如果想要根治,就需要从气血、解毒、清热等方面入手,因而,本发明提供一种可有效治疗鼠乳的中药制剂及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种实用性强,治疗效果理想的治疗鼠乳的中药制剂及其制备方法。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种治疗鼠乳的中药制剂,包括以下原料药材:菊花、金银花、降龙草、铁苋、拳参、皂角刺、甘草、蒲公英、忍冬藤、菝葜叶、埃蕾、野马追、李树胶、麻柳树根、独活、防风、藏茄、石韦毛、蘘荷、红曲。
所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花15-30份、金银花10-27份、降龙草25-40份、铁苋10-20份、拳参5-15份、皂角刺21-36份、甘草12-32份、蒲公英5-10份、忍冬藤17-25份、菝葜叶8-17份、埃蕾5-25份、野马追20-32份、李树胶7-18份、麻柳树根2-9份、独活15-35份、防风25-40份、藏茄1-10份、石韦毛8-26份、蘘荷10-19份、红曲3-15份。
进一步的,所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花20-25份、金银花15-20份、降龙草28-36份、铁苋12-18份、拳参6-10份、皂角刺25-28份、甘草17-25份、蒲公英6-9份、忍冬藤19-22份、菝葜叶10-16份、埃蕾15-20份、野马追25-28份、李树胶10-16份、麻柳树根5-8份、独活18-26份、防风28-35份、藏茄2-5份、石韦毛10-19份、蘘荷12-18份、红曲5-10份。
作为优选,所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花22份、金银花17份、降龙草29份、铁苋16份、拳参8份、皂角刺26份、甘草20份、蒲公英8份、忍冬藤20份、菝葜叶15份、埃蕾18份、野马追26份、李树胶15份、麻柳树根7份、独活20份、防风32份、藏茄3份、石韦毛15份、蘘荷16份、红曲8份。
作为优选,所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花23份、金银花18份、降龙草30份、铁苋15份、拳参7份、皂角刺27份、甘草22、蒲公英7份、忍冬藤21份、菝葜叶13份、埃蕾17份、野马追27份、李树胶12份、麻柳树根6份、独活25份、防风30份、藏茄4份、石韦毛17份、蘘荷15份、红曲6份。
一种制备上述治疗鼠乳的中药制剂的方法,所述中药的剂型为水剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、先将上述药物按所述比例混合后置入砂锅中,加入上述药物重量的3-4倍水,浸泡20-200分钟;
步骤二、用急火煮沸,然后改文火煮25分钟;
步骤三、药液过滤后备用,药渣加2-3倍水继续加热至沸,改用文火煮10-15分钟,趁热过滤弃渣;
步骤四、合并两次浓缩药液,冷却至室温后无菌封装,封装后的药物即为成品水剂。
上述步骤一中的药物浸泡时间为25分钟。
此外,上述中药还可制成中药颗粒,其制备过程为:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,研磨成颗粒后过120目筛,置于煎煮陶瓷锅中,加入混合物重量的两倍水浸泡,浸泡时间为30分钟,加热至沸,分离出煎煮液,加入上述比例的水重复煎煮药渣两次,收集各煎煮液,离心分离后,在真空度0.10~0.12Mpa下减压浓缩至80~90℃时相对密度为1.20~1.25的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度150~158℃、出风温度86~95℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的β-环糊精,制成颗粒,于60~80℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
其中,上述原料药材的药理如下: 
菊花:性味甘苦,凉;主治疏风,清热,明目,解毒,治头痛,眩晕,目赤,心胸烦热,疔疮,肿毒。
金银花:性味甘,寒;主治清热解毒,凉散风热,用于痈肿疔疮,喉痹,丹毒,热毒血痢,风热感冒,温病发热。
降龙草:性味甘,寒,无毒;主治清热解毒,利尿,疮疖。
铁苋:性味苦涩,平;主治清热,利水,杀虫,止血,治痢疾,腹泻,皮炎,湿疹,创伤出血。
拳参:性味苦,凉,有小毒;主治清热镇惊,理湿消肿,破伤风,赤痢,痈肿,瘰疬。
皂角刺:性味辛,温;主治拔毒,消肿,排脓;治痈肿,疮毒,疠风,癣疮,胎衣不下。
甘草:性味甘,平;主治清热解毒,润肺止咳,调和诸药;炙甘草能补脾益气。
蒲公英:性味苦甘,寒;主治清热解毒,利尿散结。治急性乳腺炎,淋巴腺炎,瘰疬,疔毒疮肿,急性结膜炎,感冒发热。
忍冬藤:性味甘,寒;主治清热解毒,疏风通络,用于温病发热,热毒血痢,痈肿疮疡,风湿热痹,关节红肿热痛。
菝葜叶:藏药,性味温,无毒;主治风肿,疮疖,肿毒,臁疮,烫伤。
埃蕾:性味苦,寒;主治清热解毒。
野马追:性味苦,平;主治清热解毒,祛痰,定喘,降血压。
李树胶:性味苦;寒;无毒;主治清热,透疹,退翳。
麻柳树根:性味苦;辛;性热;有毒;主治祛风止痛;杀虫止痒;解毒敛疮,主风湿痹痛;牙痛;疥癣;疮疡肿毒;溃疡日久不敛。
独活:性味辛、苦,微温;主治祛风除湿,通痹止痛,用于风寒湿痹,腰膝疼痛,少阴伏风头痛。
防风:性味辛、甘,温;主治解表祛风,胜湿,止痉。
藏茄:性味苦;辛;性温;大毒;主治镇痛解痉,痈疽肿痛,跌打损伤。
石韦毛:水龙骨科植物石韦及多种同属植物叶上的毛茸,主治皮肤损伤,尤其敷汤火伤。
蘘荷:性味辛,温,无毒;主活血、调经,治疮肿,瘰疬,目赤,喉痹。
红曲:性味甘,温,主治活血化瘀,瘀滞腹痛,食积饱胀,赤白下痢,跌打损伤。
本发明提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是:本发明的中药具有清热解毒、调节气血、解除病灶的功效,去除根本病因,针对性较强,药效直达病灶,其中菊花、金银花、降龙草、铁苋、拳参五种药物作为相须清热药,主要是清除病人体内的体热;皂角刺、甘草、蒲公英、忍冬藤、菝葜叶、埃蕾、野马追、李树胶作为相须解毒药,一方面中和拳参、麻柳树根、藏茄等带来的毒性,另一方面消除病人体内的鼠乳病毒;麻柳树根、独活、防风配合其它如清热解毒药,作为其它药物的使药,对病人体内进行泻火,在治标的基础上配合完成治本的过程;藏茄、石韦毛完成通经活络的功能,蘘荷、红曲实现益气活血;通过多种药物的协力合作,缺一不可,实现标本兼治的效果,疗效显著;采用中药材,药源丰富、安全有效、价廉,不易产生耐药性,制作简单,给药方便,患者易于接受。
具体实施方式
本发明提供的一种治疗鼠乳的中药制剂,包括以下原料药材:菊花、金银花、降龙草、铁苋、拳参、皂角刺、甘草、蒲公英、忍冬藤、菝葜叶、埃蕾、野马追、李树胶、麻柳树根、独活、防风、藏茄、石韦毛、蘘荷、红曲,其具体组成部分和制备过程如下述实施例所述。
实施例1:
所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花15份、金银花10份、降龙草25份、铁苋10份、拳参5份、皂角刺21份、甘草12份、蒲公英5份、忍冬藤17份、菝葜叶8份、埃蕾5份、野马追20份、李树胶7份、麻柳树根2份、独活15份、防风25份、藏茄1份、石韦毛8份、蘘荷10份、红曲3份。
所述中药的剂型为水剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、先将上述药物按所述比例混合后置入砂锅中,加入上述药物重量的3-4倍水,浸泡25分钟;
步骤二、用急火煮沸,然后改文火煮25分钟;
步骤三、药液过滤后备用,药渣加2-3倍水继续加热至沸,改用文火煮10-15分钟,趁热过滤弃渣;
步骤四、合并两次浓缩药液,冷却至室温后无菌封装,封装后的药物即为成品水剂。
实施例2:
所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花30份、金银花27份、降龙草40份、铁苋20份、拳参15份、皂角刺36份、甘草32份、蒲公英10份、忍冬藤25份、菝葜叶17份、埃蕾25份、野马追32份、李树胶18份、麻柳树根9份、独活35份、防风40份、藏茄10份、石韦毛26份、蘘荷19份、红曲15份。
上述中药还可制成中药颗粒,其制备过程为:
步骤一:将所述原料药材按所述比例混合,研磨成颗粒后过120目筛,置于煎煮陶瓷锅中,加入混合物重量的两倍水浸泡,浸泡时间为30分钟,加热至沸,分离出煎煮液,加入上述比例的水重复煎煮药渣两次,收集各煎煮液,离心分离后,在真空度0.10~0.12Mpa下减压浓缩至80~90℃时相对密度为1.20~1.25的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度150~158℃、出风温度86~95℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉;
步骤二:在获得的干膏粉中加入相对于干膏粉质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的β-环糊精,制成颗粒,于60~80℃干燥,获得颗粒剂,按0.5g/袋封装备用,即为成品。
实施例3:
所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花20份、金银花15份、降龙草28份、铁苋12份、拳参6份、皂角刺25份、甘草17份、蒲公英6份、忍冬藤19份、菝葜叶10份、埃蕾15份、野马追25份、李树胶10份、麻柳树根5份、独活18份、防风28份、藏茄2份、石韦毛10份、蘘荷12份、红曲5份。
该中药的剂型为水剂,其制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4:
所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花25份、金银花20份、降龙草36份、铁苋18份、拳参10份、皂角刺28份、甘草25份、蒲公英9份、忍冬藤22份、菝葜叶16份、埃蕾20份、野马追28份、李树胶16份、麻柳树根8份、独活26份、防风35份、藏茄5份、石韦毛19份、蘘荷18份、红曲10份。
该中药的剂型为颗粒,其制备方法同实施例2.
实施例5:
所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花22份、金银花17份、降龙草29份、铁苋16份、拳参8份、皂角刺26份、甘草20份、蒲公英8份、忍冬藤20份、菝葜叶15份、埃蕾18份、野马追26份、李树胶15份、麻柳树根7份、独活20份、防风32份、藏茄3份、石韦毛15份、蘘荷16份、红曲8份。
该中药的剂型为水剂,其制备方法同实施例1。
实施例6:
所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花23份、金银花18份、降龙草30份、铁苋15份、拳参7份、皂角刺27份、甘草22、蒲公英7份、忍冬藤21份、菝葜叶13份、埃蕾17份、野马追27份、李树胶12份、麻柳树根6份、独活25份、防风30份、藏茄4份、石韦毛17份、蘘荷15份、红曲6份。
该中药的剂型为水剂,其制备方法同实施例1。
上述药物为水剂服用时,每日1剂,水煎分两次服,每7日为一疗程;当使用本发明的颗粒剂药物时,一日3次,每次2袋,每7日为一疗程。
毒性实验:
急性毒性试验:应用NIH小鼠50只,SPF级,雌雄各半,体重18~23g,进行急性毒性试验。小鼠随机分为两组,每组25只,即对照组和给药组,实验前禁食10小时;将本发明的实施例6制备的水剂(浓度为6.32g生药/ml,最高浓度)灌胃,灌胃容积为5.25ml/kg(即单次给药剂量为33.18生药/kg),对照组给予等量生理盐水,一天给药2次,给药间隔时间8小时,给药后连续观察12天,并记录小鼠的的毒性反应及死亡数。实验结果表明:与对照组比较,给药后小鼠未见明显差异,实验连续观察12天,小鼠全身状况、饮食、饮水、体重增长均正常。
小鼠口服灌胃本发明的水剂LD50>33.18生药/kg,每日最大给药量为52.35生药/kg/日。本发明的中药临床用药量为4.5g生药/日/人,成人体重以60KG计,平均用药剂量为0.075g生药/kg/日。按体重计:小鼠(平均体重以20g计)口服灌胃本发明的中药的耐受量为临床用量的698倍。
由上述用药结果可知所有动物健存,其活动、饮食、毛发、排泄物未发现异常,未见毒性反应。对小鼠阴道和破损皮肤进行刺激性试验,未见有刺激性反应和其它不良反应。毒性试验证明,该药未有毒性作用和不良反应,临床应用安全可靠。
长期毒性实验:将本发明实施例2的颗粒剂对小鼠按8.45、20.12和33.18g生药/kg连续用药16周(1.0ml/100g体重,每天2次)及停药4周后,结果表明:本发明中药制剂对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药16周及停药4周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明中药制剂对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
临床资料:
病例选择:经实践证明,本发明提供的药剂具有疗效确切、安全性高、无毒副作用的优势;自2010年至今随访治疗的283例病案中,5-20岁155例,20-40岁85例,40岁以上43例,平均年龄22岁左右,患病病程在2-6个月之间,服用本发明的药剂后,完全治愈243例,基本治愈39例,无效1例,治疗效果理想。
典型病例:查某,男,12岁。因其长期随父亲前往公共浴池洗澡,皮损处突起粟粒至绿豆大呈半球型丘疹,色乳白,表面光泽,刺破后可挤出白色粉状小体,微痒,抓破疼痛,四周稍红。2012年1月来检查,此时病发两个半月,经查发现其舌红,苔薄,脉细,诊断为鼠乳,服用本发明实施例6的中药制剂,每日2次,治疗5天后痒感解除,7天后鼠乳渐退,继续用药三个疗程后痊愈,随访至今无复发。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种治疗鼠乳的中药制剂,其特征在于,包括以下原料药材:菊花、金银花、降龙草、铁苋、拳参、皂角刺、甘草、蒲公英、忍冬藤、菝葜叶、埃蕾、野马追、李树胶、麻柳树根、独活、防风、藏茄、石韦毛、蘘荷、红曲。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗鼠乳的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花15-30份、金银花10-27份、降龙草25-40份、铁苋10-20份、拳参5-15份、皂角刺21-36份、甘草12-32份、蒲公英5-10份、忍冬藤17-25份、菝葜叶8-17份、埃蕾5-25份、野马追20-32份、李树胶7-18份、麻柳树根2-9份、独活15-35份、防风25-40份、藏茄1-10份、石韦毛8-26份、蘘荷10-19份、红曲3-15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗鼠乳的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花20-25份、金银花15-20份、降龙草28-36份、铁苋12-18份、拳参6-10份、皂角刺25-28份、甘草17-25份、蒲公英6-9份、忍冬藤19-22份、菝葜叶10-16份、埃蕾15-20份、野马追25-28份、李树胶10-16份、麻柳树根5-8份、独活18-26份、防风28-35份、藏茄2-5份、石韦毛10-19份、蘘荷12-18份、红曲5-10份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的治疗鼠乳的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花22份、金银花17份、降龙草29份、铁苋16份、拳参8份、皂角刺26份、甘草20份、蒲公英8份、忍冬藤20份、菝葜叶15份、埃蕾18份、野马追26份、李树胶15份、麻柳树根7份、独活20份、防风32份、藏茄3份、石韦毛15份、蘘荷16份、红曲8份。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的治疗鼠乳的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药中各原料药材的重量份数比为:菊花23份、金银花18份、降龙草30份、铁苋15份、拳参7份、皂角刺27份、甘草22、蒲公英7份、忍冬藤21份、菝葜叶13份、埃蕾17份、野马追27份、李树胶12份、麻柳树根6份、独活25份、防风30份、藏茄4份、石韦毛17份、蘘荷15份、红曲6份。
6.一种制备权利要求1-5任一所述中药制剂的方法,其特征在于,所述中药的剂型为水剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、先将上述药物按所述比例混合后置入砂锅中,加入上述药物重量的3-4倍水,浸泡20-200分钟;
步骤二、用急火煮沸,然后改文火煮25分钟;
步骤三、药液过滤后备用,药渣加2-3倍水继续加热至沸,改用文火煮10-15分钟,趁热过滤弃渣;
步骤四、合并两次浓缩药液,冷却至室温后无菌封装,封装后的药物即为成品水剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一中的药物浸泡时间为25分钟。
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