CN104383448A - 一种用于电灼伤的制剂 - Google Patents

一种用于电灼伤的制剂 Download PDF

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CN104383448A
CN104383448A CN201410711680.8A CN201410711680A CN104383448A CN 104383448 A CN104383448 A CN 104383448A CN 201410711680 A CN201410711680 A CN 201410711680A CN 104383448 A CN104383448 A CN 104383448A
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parts
preparation
herba
radix
complex
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魏若琳
常俊军
夏晓聪
刘瀚之
罗卉琳
曲若纹
刘靖然
李娜
王彬彬
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JUNAN POWER SUPPLY CO Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Linyi Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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JUNAN POWER SUPPLY CO Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Linyi Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于电灼伤的制剂,其采用的原料药主要为:黄连、乳香、半支莲、紫苏叶、草豆蔻、栀子、蒲公英、香附、陈皮、马鞭草、没药、马兰等,将药物有效成分提取后,加入香油制备膏状制剂。本发明制剂对灼伤效果显著,应用前景广阔。

Description

一种用于电灼伤的制剂
技术领域
本发明属于药物技术领域,具体的,涉及一种以纯中药治疗电灼伤的制剂。
背景技术
电灼烧指电流通过人体产生热电效应、电生理效应、电化学效应和电弧、电火花等致人体以及皮肤、皮下组织、深层肌肉、血管、神经、骨关节和内部脏器的广泛损伤。程度由温度的高低、作用时间的长短而不同,局部的变化可分为四度:第一度:因血管麻痹而充血;第二度:形成充满血清的烧伤水疱;第三度:组织坏死;第四度:组织的炭化。烧伤时可见血液中的乳酸量增加,动静脉血的pH值降低,随着组织毛细血管功能障碍的加重,缺氧血症也严重。严重者侵害热毒之气灼甚,伤及体肉筋骨,或热毒内攻脏腑,以至脏腑不和、皮肉腐烂;伤者的临床表现主要有烦操不宁、神昏谵语,舌短缩而卷,憎寒状热舌有刺,小便刺痛不爽,是热毒传心;又如气粗喘息,咳吐痰血,痰粘不畅,喉中痰鸣,鼻翼煽动,小便闭塞不通是热毒传肺;另如头摇目窜直视或痉挛黄疸,是热毒传肝;再如腹胀便结,便溏粘臭、次数频多,恶心呕吐,是热毒传脾;若见尿闭、尿血、浮肿、喘息是热毒传肾。
目前国内大都采用切痂或削痂植皮的方法,但此方法临床要求条件较高,费用较大,基层医院难以胜任。浅度灼伤如早期创面处理不当,此时可出现创周炎症。严重灼伤由于经历休克的打击,全身免疫功能处于低迷状态,对病原菌的易感性很高,早期爆发全身性感染的几率也高,感染的威胁将持续到创面的愈合。
祖国传统医学关于灼烧伤有着深厚的理论基础,中医认为烧伤亦称火烧疮、汤泼火烧、汤火伤。轻浅者通常不影响内脏功能,仅在局部出现红晕,起疱,或腐烂;重者损害面积大而深,产生火盛伤阴,热毒炽甚,耗伤体内阴液。甚则热毒内攻,或气血两虚等全身症状,临床可见口渴,发热,便秘,小便不利甚或烦躁不宁,神昏谵语。治疗轻者只需外治,用地榆、大黄等量,冰片少许研末,香油调敷。重者宜辨证施治,清热解毒,凉营熄风,或固气养阴,回阳救逆,多选用黄连解毒汤、犀角地黄汤、羚羊钩藤汤或生脉散、参附汤等加味,若病程日久,耗伤气血者,则宜补气养血,可用八珍汤加味。外治方法包括清洗疮面,水泡处理,清除焦痂或植皮等项,亦可将上述药膏涂敷疮面。
目前,多数治疗灼伤的药物治疗效果并不十分理想,部分药物治疗周期较长,或每天需要的用药量次数多,给患者带来诸多不便,另外就是有的药物患者不能在室外走动,限制了患者的活动量,抑或在药物中加入过多的化学成分,对患者的身体造成潜在的危害。
 
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗电灼伤的制剂及其制备工艺,辨证论治一直是中医药治疗疾病的核心理论,如何针对主要病机用药同时兼顾次要病机,兼顾共性与个性的治疗,从而最大程度体现中医治疗疾病的内涵与外延,是中成药配伍的一个现实难题。本发明以中医外治为主,寻求最佳治疗方案,采用纯天然中草药原料,结合传统中医技术精心配制成本发明的用于电灼伤的制剂,该制剂不仅对电灼伤治愈周期短,为患者带来方便,治愈率也显著提高。
为实现本发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种用于电灼伤的制剂,其特征在于它是由下述重量配比的原料制作而成:
黄连40份、乳香40份、半支莲35份、紫苏叶35份、草豆蔻35份、
栀子30份、蒲公英30份、香附30份、陈皮25份、马鞭草25份、
没药25份、马兰25份、丹参20份、地榆20份、黄柏20份、
远志20份、桑椹子20份、首乌17份、地锦草17份、红花17份、
酸枣仁15份、蒲黄15份、菟丝子15份、白芷15份、厚朴15份,
桃仁10份、牡丹皮10份、郁金8份、山药5份。
优选地,其制备方法为:按照上述重量份数称取各原料药
(1)取黄连、蒲公英、地榆、红花粉碎过100目筛,获得复合物A;
(2)取乳香、半支莲、紫苏叶、草豆蔻、陈皮、马鞭草、没药、马兰、丹参、菟丝子、白芷、厚朴、桃仁、牡丹皮按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5倍量95%的乙醇,回流提取3次,每次1小时,滤液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物B;
(3)取剩余成分加8倍水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次提取液,将提取液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物C;
(4)将复合物A和复合物B、复合物C混合搅拌均匀放入广口玻璃瓶内,备用,然后加入4倍重量的香油,搅拌均匀即得膏状产品。
患者在使用本发明的药物时,将伤口用消毒水清理后,涂敷本发明的组合物,一天换药1次即可;不破皮的采用本发明的药膏涂抹在患处,灼伤的最初两天,一天也可换药1-3次;本发明药物的组分均采用天然的中药原料,其配制简便,药源广泛,成本低廉,其遵循中医的处方用药原则,诸药合用,相得益彰,药性平和,其具备如下效果:
1)      减少渗出,保护创面,促进创面愈合,愈合后疤痕少;
2)      使用方法简单,每天换药的次数少,给患者带来很多方便,且不需要与其他抗菌素结合治愈周期短,见效快;
3)      在普通的环境即可治疗,没有无菌环境的要求,制备方法简单,成本低,可以进行规模性生产。未出现毒副作用,应用前景广阔。
 
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用于电灼伤的制剂,其特征在于它是由下述重量配比的原料制作而成:
黄连40份、乳香40份、半支莲35份、紫苏叶35份、草豆蔻35份、
栀子30份、蒲公英30份、香附30份、陈皮25份、马鞭草25份、
没药25份、马兰25份、丹参20份、地榆20份、黄柏20份、
远志20份、桑椹子20份、首乌17份、地锦草17份、红花17份、
酸枣仁15份、蒲黄15份、菟丝子15份、白芷15份、厚朴15份,
桃仁10份、牡丹皮10份、郁金8份、山药5份。
其制备方法为:按照上述重量份数称取各原料药
(1)取黄连、蒲公英、地榆、红花粉碎过100目筛,获得复合物A;
(2)取乳香、半支莲、紫苏叶、草豆蔻、陈皮、马鞭草、没药、马兰、丹参、菟丝子、白芷、厚朴、桃仁、牡丹皮按所述比例混合,加相对于混合物5倍量95%的乙醇,回流提取3次,每次1小时,提取合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物B;
(3)取剩余成分加8倍水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将提取液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物C;
(4)将复合物A和复合物B、复合物C混合搅拌均匀放入广口玻璃瓶内,备用,然后加入4倍重量的香油,搅拌均匀即得膏状产品。
患者在使用本发明的药物时,将伤口用消毒水清理后,涂敷本发明的药膏,一天换药1次即可;不破皮的采用本发明的药膏涂抹在患处,灼伤的最初两天,一天也可换药1-3次。
 
实施例2
动物学实验
药理药效学试验 
一、本发明局部用药毒理学
研究大鼠破损皮肤表面给药的急性毒性试验
大鼠皮肤毒性试验用最大浓度(药效学最佳浓度的30倍)给药一次。给药后观察7天,和对照组比较,受试组大鼠既未出现死亡又未出现明显中毒反应。说明本发明制剂经破损皮肤表面给药毒性极低。
兔皮肤刺激试验 
用新西兰白兔完整皮肤和破损皮肤进行多次性(连续涂药7天)刺激试验,按《新药(西药)临床前研究指导原则汇编(药学、药理学、毒理学)》评分。结果表明:多次给药结束后,在对照区与受试区比较观察,皮肤刺激反应强度均<0.5分,多次给药期间也未观察到皮肤红斑、水肿等刺激反应。表明本发明软膏多次给药(7天)对兔完整皮肤和破损皮肤均无刺激性。
皮肤长期毒性试验 
对豚鼠用高于最佳有效量给药,观察长期给药后的局部和全身反应。将豚鼠分为完整皮肤和破损皮肤两种试验组,每组12只动物,皮肤表面涂药,1日2次,共90天。对部分动物在给药结束后继续观察14天。分别于给药45天、90天及停药后14天进行各项指标检测(血液学8项、血液生化10项、病理检验24项)。结果表明:在皮肤表面连续涂抹本发明膏剂90天的条件下,无论对完整皮肤或破损皮肤组豚鼠,本发明膏剂不影响豚鼠的活动、外观、行为及体重增长。对豚鼠血红细胞计数、血红蛋白含量、网织红细胞计数、白细胞计数及分类、血小板计数、凝血时间均无明显影响。不影响豚鼠肝、肾功能与骨髓造血功能。对心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、脊髓、垂体、视神经、胃、十二指肠、回肠、结肠、淋巴结、胰腺、肾上腺、甲状腺、胸腺、前列腺、睾丸及附睾、子宫等不会使其发生器质性病理改变。反复用药对完整皮肤和破损皮肤均未引起增生、萎缩、瘫痕形成及充血、水肿、变性及坏死性改变。综上所述,本发明的药膏对完整皮肤和破损皮肤表面给药90天,对豚鼠全身及局部无明显毒性作用。
 
实施例3
临床病例
本试验数据记录了2010年至今的125例灼伤病患者试验治疗和跟踪回访情况。
试验组资料:本组病人共125例,男 87例,女38例,患者年龄在28岁-57岁之间,灼伤总面积1%-50 %。创面达到深Ⅱ度的为20. 0 % ,浅Ⅱ度为40. 0 % ,Ⅰ度烧烫伤为40.0%。致伤原因为热液、火焰、电等灼伤。 
治疗方法: 对于新鲜创面,给以用碘伏或碘络酮液消毒,并清除创面上的污物,有水泡低位剪破放出积液,保留泡皮。游离或皱折的坏死腐皮予以清除,清除干净后再消毒一次。涂敷制剂,直接均匀涂于创面即可,若伤口处较脏,可用清水清洗创面后敷药;一般患者仅需每日用药一次,重症者可以每天换药三次或者创面干后再涂药。
本组125例,I度烧伤50例,6天内全部愈合。浅II度烧伤50例,深II度烧伤25例,7~14天愈合。早期入院的II度-III度病人经清创包扎或暴露治疗,没有出现因炎性反应而影响愈合。晚期入院的II度-III度病人,因烧伤局部出现感染组织液化痂下或痂下积脓,虽经彻底清创,局部组织氧化,但仍出现炎性病变影响愈合。本组仅有3例深II度烧伤的病人虽经创面边缘的上皮爬生修复而自行愈合,但仍留有条状疤痕,没有其他不适。
 
典型病例
病例1:曹某,男,年龄25岁,患者手部电烧伤,深II度烧伤,涂敷本发明药物组合物膏状制剂后,用药5天后已无浓性分泌物,再次换药创面上皮岛形成,12天后痊愈,治愈后不留疤痕;
病例2,彭某,男,39岁,电火花灼伤小腿,伤口处红肿,起泡,患处面积6×9cm,涂敷本发明组合物粉末制剂后,4天后痊愈,且烫伤处不留疤痕,患者在敷药的过程中,没有疼痛感和其它不适感。
以上列举的仅是本发明的最佳具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于电灼伤的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂由下述重量份的原料制作而成:
黄连40份、乳香40份、半支莲35份、紫苏叶35份、草豆蔻35份、
栀子30份、蒲公英30份、香附30份、陈皮25份、马鞭草25份、
没药25份、马兰25份、丹参20份、地榆20份、黄柏20份、
远志20份、桑椹子20份、首乌17份、地锦草17份、红花17份、
酸枣仁15份、蒲黄15份、菟丝子15份、白芷15份、厚朴15份,
桃仁10份、牡丹皮10份、郁金8份、山药5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照重量份取黄连、蒲公英、地榆以及红花,粉碎过100目筛,获得复合物A;
(2)按照重量份取乳香、半支莲、紫苏叶、草豆蔻、陈皮、马鞭草、没药、马兰、丹参、菟丝子、白芷、厚朴、桃仁以及牡丹皮,混合,加相对于混合物5倍量95%的乙醇,回流提取3次,每次1小时,合并提取液,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物B;
(3)按照重量份取剩余成分,加8倍水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将煎煮液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物C;
(4)将复合物A、复合物B以及复合物C混合搅拌均匀放入广口玻璃瓶内,备用,然后加入4倍重量的香油,搅拌均匀即得。
3.权利要求1-2所述制剂用于电灼伤的用途。
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