CN104381629A - Flammulina velutipes strain dreg-based daily ration for cattle and sheep, and preparation method of daily ration - Google Patents
Flammulina velutipes strain dreg-based daily ration for cattle and sheep, and preparation method of daily ration Download PDFInfo
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- CN104381629A CN104381629A CN201410586398.1A CN201410586398A CN104381629A CN 104381629 A CN104381629 A CN 104381629A CN 201410586398 A CN201410586398 A CN 201410586398A CN 104381629 A CN104381629 A CN 104381629A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flammulina velutipes strain dreg-based daily ration for cattle and sheep, and a preparation method of the daily ration. According to the preparation method, flammulina velutipes strain dregs are treated by ammonification through urea and then are fed into the daily ration for cattle and sheep, and the mass of the ammonified flammulina velutipes strain dregs accounts for 5-30wt% of that of the dry material of the totally-mixed daily ration. After the preparation method is adopted, the nutritive value and palatability of the flammulina velutipes strain dregs are remarkably improved, and the prepared totally-mixed daily ration is capable of improving the immunity of cattle and sheep. The preparation method is easy in raw material obtaining and simple in preparation technology, and the prepared flammulina velutipes strain dregs can be stored for a long time, so that the feeding cost is lowered, the economic benefit is improved, and application prospects are wide.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to feed preparation field in animal husbandry, be specifically related to a kind of ox based on golden mushroom grain, sheep daily ration and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Asparagus [
flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing], also known as the little fiery mushroom of hair handle, structure bacterium, plain mushroom, dried mushroom, plain wild rice, freeze bacterium, golden mushroom, intelligence mushroom etc.Along with the development of asparagus industry, the golden mushroom grain after cultivation is also in cumulative year after year.Golden mushroom grain, also known as bacterium chaff, containing nutriments such as the available structural carbohydrate of the ruminants such as a large amount of ox, sheep, mycoprotein, amino acid, vitamin, mineral matters, and the various active composition such as several functions albumen (as ribosome inactivating protein, immune modulator etc.), flammulina velutipes, edible fungi grain directly many reports have been seen in as the feed of livestock and poultry, but it is directly feeding, due to because its fibers content is high, especially content of lignin is high, palatability is poor, indigestibility, is therefore restricted in application.At present, golden mushroom grain is mostly as fuel or as fertilizer matrix or be dropped.The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind of pre-treatment, storage and based on golden mushroom grain ox, the preparation of sheep TRM and process optimization of feeding are carried out to golden mushroom grain, to significantly improve the nutritive value of golden mushroom grain, increase substantially its ratio in perfect compound feed, turn waste into wealth, developing feed resource, reduce feed cost, increase economic efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ox based on golden mushroom grain, sheep daily ration and preparation method thereof.This TRM (TMR) not only can significantly improve golden mushroom grain nutritive value, improve its palatability, increase substantially its ratio in perfect compound feed, and raw material sources are easy, preparation technology is simple, and the golden mushroom grain of preparation can be preserved for a long time, reduce feeding cost, increase economic efficiency, Animal product quality meets pollution-free food standard, has a extensive future.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
In described daily ration, ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain accounts for 5 wt.% ~ 30 wt.% with dry basis ratio in ox, sheep TRM.
The raw material of TRM of the present invention also comprise Chinese pennisetum (with or silage corn), hay, vinasse (with or vinasse protein feed), corn (with or barley, wheat), wheat bran (with or rice bran), grouts (with or whole cottonseed, urea) and premix.
Described golden mushroom grain be with cotton seed hulls (with or bacterium grass, corncob, bagasse, stalk) for major ingredient, wheat bran (with or corn flour), wood chip, sugar, calcium carbonate etc. are stone, formed after cultivating flammulina velutipes fresh, without the bacterium grain of going mouldy.
Described urea (CH
4n
2o) be the Nonprotein nitrogen feed additive allowing to use in " allowing the feed addictive kind catalogue used " (No. 105).
A kind of making comprises the following steps based on the ox of golden mushroom grain, the method for sheep TRM as above:
(1) choose adopt mushroom after fresh, without the needle mushroom bacterium bag that goes mouldy or bottle, pour bacterium grain into ammonification pond or horizental silo, and golden mushroom grain rod is drawn broken;
(2) urea is taken by 2.5 wt.% ~ 5 wt.% of golden mushroom grain dry biomass, a small amount of water is added in the vessel of splendid attire urea, water is pressed urea quality 50 wt.% ~ 100 wt.% and is added, it is made to be muddy shape, urea dirty solution is successively admixed in the golden mushroom grain of step (1), be mixed, stacking, then use plastic film seal, carry out ammoniated treatment.Winter ammoniated treatment 30 days, summer ammoniated treatment 10 days;
(3) ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain air dry 1 ~ 2 day, treats all the other ammonia volatilizations, for subsequent use;
(4) detect ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain nutrition content and nutritive value, according to ox (sheep) nutritional need, be aided with other raw materials, be mixed with ox, sheep TRM (TMR).
Ox, sheep ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain of feeding should have transitional period of one week, and when namely starting to utilize ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain feed, its ratio in TRM will from less to more, and transition gradually, to allow ox, sheep adapt to; Ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain ratio in ox, sheep TRM can reach 5 wt.% ~ 30 wt.% or account for 10 wt.% ~ 45 wt.%(dry basis of coarse fodder).
The ox based on golden mushroom grain alleged by the present invention, sheep TRM are a kind of full price mixed rations of ox, sheep, and it can meet the whole nutritional needs needed for ox, sheep.
The golden mushroom grain that the present invention is used, containing nutriments such as the available structural carbohydrate of the ruminants such as a large amount of ox, sheep, mycoprotein, amino acid, vitamin, mineral matters, and the various active composition such as several functions albumen (as ribosome inactivating protein, immune modulator etc.), flammulina velutipes, but due to because of in its cell membrane containing higher lignin, woodenly usually inlay formation crystalline texture with cellulose, hemicellulose, have impact on ox (sheep) to the organic utilization such as cellulose, hemicellulose in golden mushroom grain.The present invention adopts urea (CH
4n
2o) be the non-protein feed addictive allowing to use in " allowing the feed addictive kind catalogue used " (No. 105), urea is hydrolyzed under urase effect, the ammonium ion (NH of generation
4+) can be adsorbed in golden mushroom grain, add its gross protein value, facilitate the growth of rumen microorganism, breeding; Meanwhile, the ammonia (NH of hydrolysis of urea generation
4), NH
4water in golden mushroom grain is combined and generates ammoniacal liquor, and ammonia water electricity is from the hydroxide ion (OH gone out
-1), contribute to impelling the ester linkage breaking between the lignin of golden mushroom grain and cellulose, improve degradation effect of organic compound.Itself and other feed, according to the nutritional need of the nutritive peculiarity of ammonification golden mushroom grain and ox, sheep, carries out being mixed to get TRM with suitable ratio by the present invention.Its significant advantage is:
(1) golden mushroom grain nutritive value after ammoniated treatment significantly improves.In the ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain over dry basis that said method is obtained, crude protein content improves 45%, and wherein soluble protein content improves 140%, and neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen declines 8%; Neutral detergent fiber content reduces by 5%; Free gossypol content can reduce 30%(culture medium for golden mushroom person of containing cotton seed hulls); Dry dynamic degradability improves 14%, and neutral detergent fiber dynamic degradability improves 25%.
(2) can preserve for a long time.Obtained ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain has volatile ammonia, and ammonia can be antibacterial.
(3) good palatability.Obtained ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain feed is that pitchy, quality are loose, soft, and feed intake can improve 20% ~ 30%.
(4) usage ratio of golden mushroom grain in ox, sheep TRM is improved.Ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain ratio in ox, sheep TRM can reach 5 wt.% ~ 30 wt.%(dry basis) or account for 10 wt.% ~ 45 wt.%(dry basis of coarse fodder).
(5) golden mushroom grain source is easily, prepares ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain technique simple, easy to use, is conducive to utilization and extention, and efficiently solve ox, sheep high-quality roughage carrys out source problem.
(6) reduce feed cost, increase economic efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the pre-treatment of embodiment to ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain of the present invention, and based on the TRM and preparation method thereof (embodiments of the invention are never only limitted to this) of golden mushroom grain, be specifically described as follows:
Embodiment 1
(1) ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain is prepared:get fresh after adopting mushroom, without the needle mushroom bacterium bag that goes mouldy, remove plastic sheeting, pour ammonification pond into, and golden mushroom grain rod is drawn broken; Urea is taken by golden mushroom grain dry 3.5 wt.%, a small amount of water (adding by urea quality 50 wt.% ~ 100 wt.%) is added in the vessel of splendid attire urea, it is made to be muddy shape, in the golden mushroom grain that urea dirty solution is successively admixed, be mixed, stacking, carries out 10 days (summer) of ammoniated treatment with plastic film seal; Take front air dry 1 ~ 2 day, allow all the other ammonia volatilizations.
(2) ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain nutrient composition content is detected: the nutrient inventory such as crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, pickling lignin, crude fat, Ca, P of golden mushroom grain after detection ammoniated treatment.
(3) preparation is based on the TRM of golden mushroom grain: according to beef cattle nutritional need, prepare the TRM based on golden mushroom grain.If body weight is 200 kg, daily gain 1.2 kg beef cattle TRM: ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain 4.00kg, Chinese pennisetum ensiling 11.00 kg, soybean residue (fresh) 8.00 kg, corn 855 g, barley 225 g, wheat bran 150 g, DDGS(maize alcohol stillage protein feeds) 150 g, Soybean Meal 80 g, salt 16 g, premix 50 g(is wherein containing vitamin A >=20 kIU, vitamin D >=2.5 kIU, vitamin E >=90 IU, Se >=0.60 mg, Cu >=60 mg, Zn >=180 mg, Fe >=300 mg, Co >=0.60 mg, I >=3.0 mg, Mn >=120 mg), the ratio that golden mushroom grain accounts in diet dry substance is 22 wt.%.
(4) to feed technique: beef cattle is fed the TRM based on golden mushroom grain first, if the transitional period of one week, through the ratio of ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain feed in TRM dry will from 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, be increased to 22 wt.% gradually, to allow beef cattle adapt to.
embodiment 2
(1) ammoniated treatment of golden mushroom grain: get fresh after adopting mushroom, without the needle mushroom bacterium bag that goes mouldy, remove plastic sheeting, pour bacterium grain into ammonification pond, golden mushroom grain rod is drawn broken; Take urea by 3.5 % of golden mushroom grain dry biomass, in the vessel of splendid attire urea, add a small amount of water, make it be muddy shape, urea dirty solution is successively admixed in golden mushroom grain, be mixed, stacking, carries out 30 days (winter) of ammoniated treatment with plastic film seal; Take front air dry 1 ~ 2 day, allow all the other ammonia volatilizations;
(2) golden mushroom grain nutrients composition after check processing: the nutrient inventory such as crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, pickling lignin, crude fat, NFE, Ca, P of golden mushroom grain after detection ammoniated treatment;
(3) preparation of TRM: according to the nutritional need of meat goat, preparing based on the body weight of golden mushroom grain is the meat goat TRM of 30 kg, golden mushroom grain 300 g of ammoniated treatment, Chinese pennisetum ensiling 850 g, rye grass (fresh) 600 g, peanut vine (doing) 200 g, corn 328 g, barley 64 g, wheat bran 35 g, DDGS(maize alcohol stillage protein feeds) 25 g, Soybean Meal 25 g, premix 16 g(is wherein containing vitamin A >=7500 IU/d, vitamin E >=300 IU/d, Na 0.86 g/d, CL 1.01g/d, Se >=0.6 mg/d, Cu >=25 mg/d, Zn >=17 mg/d, Fe >=35 mg/d, Co >=0.12 mg/d, I >=0.5 mg/d, Mn >=17 mg/d), the ratio that golden mushroom grain accounts in diet dry substance is 10 wt.%.
(4) when meat goat being fed based on golden mushroom grain TRM first, if the transitional period of 7 days, after the ratio of golden mushroom grain in TRM dry of ammoniated treatment will be fed 7 days from 5 wt.%, be increased to 10 wt.%, to allow goat adapt to.
The goat raised through the TRM of the present embodiment increases day by day 135 g that weigh.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all equalizations done according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. based on ox, the sheep TRM of golden mushroom grain, it is characterized in that: in described daily ration, ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain accounts for 5 wt.% ~ 30 wt.% with dry basis ratio in ox, sheep TRM.
2. a kind of ox based on golden mushroom grain according to claim 1, sheep TRM, is characterized in that: described ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain preparation technology is:
(1) choose adopt mushroom after fresh, without the needle mushroom bacterium bag that goes mouldy or bottle, pour bacterium grain into ammonification pond or horizental silo, and golden mushroom grain rod is drawn broken;
(2) urea is taken by 2.5 wt.% ~ 5 wt.% of golden mushroom grain dry biomass, a small amount of water is added in the vessel of splendid attire urea, water is pressed urea quality 50 wt.% ~ 100 wt.% and is added, make it be muddy shape, urea dirty solution successively admixed in the golden mushroom grain of step (1), be mixed, stacking, then use plastic film seal, carry out ammoniated treatment, winter ammoniated treatment 30 days, summer ammoniated treatment 10 days.
3. a kind of ox based on golden mushroom grain as claimed in claim 1, a sheep TRM preparation method, is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
(1) ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain air dry 1 ~ 2 day, treats all the other ammonia volatilizations, for subsequent use;
(2) detect ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain nutrients component content and nutritive value, according to ox, sheep nutritional need, be aided with other raw materials, be mixed with ox, sheep TRM.
4. the using method of an a kind of ox based on golden mushroom grain as claimed in claim 1, sheep TRM, it is characterized in that: ox, sheep are fed the ammoniated treatment golden mushroom poor transitional period that should have one week, when namely starting to utilize ammoniated treatment golden mushroom grain feed, its ratio in TRM will be from less to more, transition gradually, to allow ox, sheep adapt to.
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104642813A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-05-27 | 武汉如意食用菌生物高科技有限公司 | Ruminant feed and preparation method of ruminant feed |
| CN109007338A (en) * | 2018-08-11 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽省强家庄生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cattle and sheep feed and preparation method thereof |
-
2014
- 2014-10-29 CN CN201410586398.1A patent/CN104381629A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李学梅: "食用菌菌渣的开发利用", 《河南农业科学》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104642813A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-05-27 | 武汉如意食用菌生物高科技有限公司 | Ruminant feed and preparation method of ruminant feed |
| CN109007338A (en) * | 2018-08-11 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽省强家庄生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cattle and sheep feed and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20150304 |
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