CN104380175A - 照明装置 - Google Patents

照明装置 Download PDF

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CN104380175A
CN104380175A CN201380030141.1A CN201380030141A CN104380175A CN 104380175 A CN104380175 A CN 104380175A CN 201380030141 A CN201380030141 A CN 201380030141A CN 104380175 A CN104380175 A CN 104380175A
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light
lighting device
light source
reverberator
laser light
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CN104380175B (zh
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谢尔盖·赫鲁晓夫
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Osram GmbH
Osram Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/16—Laser light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F21K9/64—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using wavelength conversion means distinct or spaced from the light-generating element, e.g. a remote phosphor layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/176—Light sources where the light is generated by photoluminescent material spaced from a primary light generating element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/08—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being filters or photoluminescent elements and reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/12—Combinations of only three kinds of elements
    • F21V13/14—Combinations of only three kinds of elements the elements being filters or photoluminescent elements, reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
    • F21V3/06—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material
    • F21V3/08—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material the material comprising photoluminescent substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
    • F21V3/10—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by coatings
    • F21V3/12—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by coatings the coatings comprising photoluminescent substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/10—Refractors for light sources comprising photoluminescent material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0066—Reflectors for light sources specially adapted to cooperate with point like light sources; specially adapted to cooperate with light sources the shape of which is unspecified
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/06—Optical design with parabolic curvature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/24—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by the material
    • F21V7/26—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by the material the material comprising photoluminescent substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/28—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings
    • F21V7/30—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings the coatings comprising photoluminescent substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
    • F21V9/30—Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
    • F21V9/30—Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source
    • F21V9/32—Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source characterised by the arrangement of the photoluminescent material
    • F21V9/35—Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source characterised by the arrangement of the photoluminescent material at focal points, e.g. of refractors, lenses, reflectors or arrays of light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
    • F21V9/40—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters with provision for controlling spectral properties, e.g. colour, or intensity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0905—Dividing and/or superposing multiple light beams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S5/0087—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping for illuminating phosphorescent or fluorescent materials, e.g. using optical arrangements specifically adapted for guiding or shaping laser beams illuminating these materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0025—Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source
    • F21V7/0033—Combination of two or more reflectors for a single light source with successive reflections from one reflector to the next or following
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2101/00—Point-like light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/30—Semiconductor lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H01S5/0071—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping for beam steering, e.g. using a mirror outside the cavity to change the beam direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
    • H01S5/4012—Beam combining, e.g. by the use of fibres, gratings, polarisers, prisms

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种照明装置，所述照明装置具有多个激光光源(30，40；30’，40’)和用于会聚由激光光源(30，40；30’，40’)发射的光的光学设备，其中所述光学设备具有带有抛物线状的光反射面(11；11’)的环形的反射器(10；10’)和至少一个用于光波长转换的光转换元件(20；20’)，所述光转换元件设置在环形的反射器(10；10’)的焦点中。

Description

照明装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的照明装置。
背景技术
这类照明装置例如在DE 102 50 912 Al中已公开。该文献描述了一种照明设备，所述照明设备包括用于将多个光源的光耦合输入到光导体中的耦合输入设备。耦合输入设备具有多个用于将由光源发射的光聚焦的多个聚焦光学系统。光源和聚集光学系统沿着球表面设置，使得由光源放射的且由聚焦光学系统聚束的光以极其不同的入射角射到光导体上。光源和聚焦光学系统的设置必须与光导体的数值孔径或者受光角相协调。因此能够借助于在上文中所描述的耦合输入设备将仅少量的光源的光耦合输入到光导体中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供一种这种类型的照明装置、一种聚焦光学系统或者一种光转换元件，所述照明装置实现从多个光源到光导体中的改进的光耦合输入或光会聚。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的照明装置来实现。本发明的尤其有利的设计方案在从属权利要求中描述。
根据本发明的照明装置具有多个激光光源和用于会聚由激光光源发射的光的光学设备。根据本发明，光学设备具有至少一个具有抛物线状的光反射面的环形的反射器和至少一个设置在至少一个环形的反射器的焦点或者焦点附近的、用于转换光波长的光转换元件。
通过根据本发明的照明装置的光学设备的上述特征，可行的是，将多个激光光源的光会聚在近似点状的区域中并且例如耦合输入到光纤或者光导体中，或者会聚到光转换元件上，或者使用根据本发明的照明装置作为用于投影应用或者在前照灯中、尤其是在车辆前照灯中的具有高的光密度的近似点状的光源。由于光学设备具有至少一个具有抛物线状的光反射面的环形的反射器，近似任意多个激光光源的光通过下述方式能够在上述的至少一个反射器的焦点中会聚，即通过激光光源沿着一个或多个虚拟的圆周线设计且设置为，使得所述激光光源沿着平行于至少一个反射器的环轴线从而也平行于抛物线状的光反射面的旋转对称轴线的方向发射光。
光在本文中表示电磁辐射，所述电磁辐射——不排他地——包括紫外的、可见光的和红外的波长范围。
至少一个光转换元件有利地具有设有发光材料的载体。借助于发光材料能够以简单的方式实现由激光光源发射的光的波长转换。载体能够用于将发光材料安放在至少一个反射器的焦点中或者焦点附近并且用作为用于发光材料的热沉。
优选地，发光材料设置为在载体的表面上的覆层。由此可行的是，被转换的和未被转换的光的相对份额通过发光材料覆层的层厚度和发光材料覆层中的发光材料浓度来控制，例如在从蓝色的激发光转换为黄色的转换光时进行控制，所述黄色的转换光与激发光的未被转换的份额一起产生白色的混合光。发光材料能够是单一的发光材料或者是多种发光材料的混合物。载体的表面上的发光材料覆层能够包含一个或多个发光材料层。
有利的是，用于发光材料的载体构成为是透明的，以便将光损失保持为低的。附加地，载体能够设有抗反射覆层，以便进一步降低光损失。
根据本发明的一个优选的实施例，用于发光材料的载体具有至少一个反射光的表面。通过在反射光的表面上的反射，延长了光在光转换元件中的路径从而提高了被转换的光的相对份额。
用于发光材料的载体和至少一个具有抛物线状的反射面的环形的反射器有利地设置为，使得由至少一个环状的反射器反射的光以至少相应于载体材料的布儒斯特角的入射角射到载体的表面上。由此能够强烈降低因载体上的反射而引起的光损失。在光以布儒斯特角或者以大于布儒斯特角的角度射到载体表面上时，仅反射光的垂直于载体表面偏振的份额。因为激光是偏振的，所以通过适当地设置环形的反射器和载体能够实现：激光以不小于载体材料的布儒斯特角的角度射到载体上从而没有激光在载体表面上被反射。
有利的是，激光光源分别设有准直仪，以便使由激光光源轻微发散地发射的光尽可能地平行，使得实现尽可能平行于至少一个环形的反射器的环轴线发射光。
优选地，根据本发明的照明装置装配有激光光源、尤其是激光二极管，所述激光光源发射波长范围从380nm至490nm的蓝光，并且根据本发明的照明装置的至少一个光转换元件具有如下发光材料，所述发光材料将由激光光源发射的蓝光部分地转换为具有波长范围从560nm至590nm的主波长的黄光的光谱范围中的光。由此以简单的方式产生白光，所述白光是被转换的黄光和未被转换的蓝光的混合。
根据本发明的照明装置优选用作为用于一个或多个机动车辆前照灯的或者用于在视频投影中、在效果射灯、在工业图像处理中或者在医疗照明和诊断中的应用的近似点状的光源。
附图说明
下文中根据优选的实施例来详细阐述本发明。附图示出：
图1示出根据本发明的第一实施例的照明装置的示意性的剖视图；
图2示出根据本发明的第二实施例的照明装置的示意性的剖视图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的第一实施例的在图1中示意性地示出的照明装置具有：环形的反射器10，所述反射器具有抛物线状的反射面11；光转换元件20；和四个分别装配有准直透镜31、41的激光二极管30、40。在图1中仅绘出四个激光二极管30、40中的两个。光转换元件20由透明的蓝宝石小板21构成，所述蓝宝石小板在表面210上覆层有发光材料22。覆层有发光材料22的表面210垂直于环形的反射器20的环轴线A-A取向。反射器10的抛物线状的反射面11关于反射器的环轴线A-A旋转对称地构成。反射器10和光转换元件20取向和定位为，使得蓝宝石小板21的表面210的覆层有发光材料22的部段设置在反射器10的焦点中或者距焦点很近的位置。四个激光二极管30、40在运行期间分别发射具有波长范围从380nm至490nm的波长的蓝光，借助于相应的准直透镜31或41使所述蓝光平行，使得由四个激光二极管30、40发射的光在离开准直透镜31、41之后平行于环形的反射器10的环轴线A-A传播。平行于环轴线A-A传播的光射到反射器10的抛物线状的反射面11上并且朝向反射器10的焦点被反射，在所述焦点中安放有光转换元件20。在射到光转换元件20的蓝宝石小板21的光耦合输入面211上时，光被折射并且转向蓝宝石小板21的表面210的覆层有发光材料22的部段。在也称作为光耦合输出表面的表面210的覆层有发光材料22的部段上，光离开蓝宝石小板21并且进入到发光材料22中。在图1中光的光路借助两个光束L1、L2示例性地示出。掺杂有铈(Ce)的钇铝石榴石(YAG：Ce)用作为发光材料22。借助于上述发光材料22，蓝光的一部分在经过发光材料22时转换为具有波长范围从560nm至590nm的主波长的黄色的光谱范围中的光，使得照明装置产生白光，所述白光是借助于光转换元件20的发光材料22转换的黄光和未转换的蓝光的混合。被转换的黄光和未被转换的蓝光的相对份额通过蓝宝石小板21的光耦合输出表面210上的发光材料层22的厚度和覆层中的发光材料22的浓度来确定。蓝宝石小板21的表面210的覆层有发光材料22的部段具有在1mm2至5mm2的范围中的面积。照明装置因此能够被视为近似点状的、发射白光的光源。
根据本发明的第二实施例的在图2中示意性示出的照明装置具有：环形的反射器10’，所述反射器具有抛物线状的反射面11’；光转换元件20’；和四个分别装配有准直透镜31’、41’的激光二极管30’、40’。在图2中仅绘出四个激光二极管30’、40’中的两个。光转换元件20’由透明的蓝宝石小板21’构成，所述蓝宝石小板在表面210’上覆层有发光材料22’和用于发光材料22’的、反射光的金属的覆盖部23’。发光材料22’构成为掺杂有铈(Ce)的钇铝石榴石(YAG：Ce)，所述发光材料将蓝光转换为具有波长范围从560nm至590nm的主波长的黄光。覆层有发光材料22’和用于发光材料22’的反射光的覆盖部23’的表面210’垂直于环形的反射器20’的环轴线A’-A’取向。反射器10’的抛物线状的反射面11’关于反射器10’的环轴线A’-A’旋转对称地构成。反射器10’和光转换元件20’取向和定位为，使得蓝宝石小板21’的表面210’的覆层有发光材料22’的部段设置在反射器10’的焦点中或者距焦点很近的位置。四个激光二极管30’、40’在运行期间分别发射具有波长范围从380nm至490nm的波长的蓝光，借助于相应的准直透镜31’或41’使所述蓝光平行，使得由四个激光二极管30’、40’发射的光在离开准直透镜31’、41’之后平行于环形的反射器10’的环轴线A’-A’传播。平行于环轴线A’-A’传播的光射到反射器10’的抛物线状的反射面11’上并且朝向反射器10’的焦点被反射，在所述焦点中安置有光转换元件20’。在射到光转换元件20的蓝宝石小板21的光耦合输入面211’上时，光被折射并且转向蓝宝石小板21’的表面210’的覆层有发光材料22’的部段。在经过发光材料22’之后，光在反射光的金属的覆盖部23’上被向回反射到发光材料22’中并且重新耦合输入到蓝宝石小板21’中。在穿过发光材料22’时，蓝光的一部分被转换为黄光，使得在蓝宝石小板21’的表面211’上出射白光，所述白光是被转换的黄光和未被转换的蓝光的混合。再次从蓝宝石小板21’出射的白光以防止在反射器10’上再次反射的出射角离开蓝宝石小板21’或表面211’上的光转换元件20’。在图2中借助两个光束L1’、L2’示例性地示出光的光路。被转换的黄光和未被转换的蓝光的相对份额通过蓝宝石小板21’的表面210’上的发光材料层22’的厚度和通过发光材料22’在覆层中的浓度来确定。蓝宝石小板21’的表面210’的覆层有发光材料22’的部段具有在1mm2至5mm2的范围中的面积。照明装置因此能够被视为近似点状的、发射白光的光源。
在图2中绘出的设置的优点在于：金属的覆盖部23’能够用于冷却发光材料。为了该目的，覆盖部23’相应大且实心地构成或者包含散热片结构或者装配有其它的散热的设备、例如热泵。
附加地，发光材料为了更好的热耦合能够与金属的覆盖部23’固定地连接，例如借助于金属体来浇注或者装入到金属体的留空部中。
在图2中示出的设置的另一个优点在于：发光材料被封入覆盖部23’和蓝宝石小板21’之间从而在断裂的情况下对于周围环境而言不是危害。
在图2中示出的设置的另一个优点在于：经由激光光源的偏振度，在蓝宝石小板21’的光耦合输入面211’上直接被反射的激光的份额、即不利于在发光材料中转换的份额大约能够在0％至6％的范围中改变。因此未被转换的光的相对于被转换的光的份额可改变从而引起混合光的色温的有针对性的改变。
在这两个实施例中，四个激光二极管30、40或者30’、40’设置在虚拟的方形的角处并且关于环形的反射器10或10’和光转换元件20或20’安置为，使得光至少以布儒斯特角射到蓝宝石小板21或21’的表面210或210’上。由此在光耦合输入到蓝宝石小板21或21’中时在表面210或210’上不出现任何反射。
本发明不受限于在上文中详细阐述的本发明的实施例。激光光源例如能够放射相同的或者不同的单色光。所述激光光源能够以连续波或者以时钟控制的方式运行。激光光源、抛物线状的反射器以及光转换元件本身分别能够围绕抛物线状的反射器的光学轴线或者环轴线(A-A或A’-A’)可旋转地安装。因此例如能够提供两组各四个的在顺时针方向彼此错开的激光二极管，所述激光二极管能够具有不同的特性、例如其发射辐射。也就是说，因此在一定程度上可根据转轮原理(Revolver-Prinzip)使用不同组的例如各四个的激光光源。特别地，能够以该方式组合不同组的激光光源，所述激光光源例如发射不同颜色或者偏振的光。属于不同组的激光光源的激光光源例如能够以距环轴线不同的间距设置，以便例如能够改变光的偏振度或者颜色。
除此之外，多个环形的抛物线状的反射器能够在多个组中共轴地构成，所述多个组能够根据转轮原理旋转。特别地，这些反射器能够具有共同的焦点。因此可设置不同的反射特性、例如反射角或者偏振度。

Claims (10)

1.一种照明装置，所述照明装置具有多个激光光源(30，40；30’，40’)和用于会聚由所述激光光源(30，40；30’，40’)发射的光的光学设备，其特征在于，所述光学设备具有至少一个具有抛物线状的光反射面(11；11’)的环形的反射器(10；10’)和至少一个用于光波长转换的光转换元件(20；20’)，所述光转换元件设置在至少一个环形的所述反射器(10；10’)的焦点中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置，其中至少一个所述光转换元件(20；20’)具有设有发光材料(22；22’)的载体(21；21’)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的照明装置，其中所述发光材料(22；22’)设置为所述载体(21；21’)的表面(210；210’)上的覆层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的照明装置，其中所述载体(21；21’)是透明的。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的照明装置，其中所述载体(21’)具有至少一个反射光的表面(23’)。
6.根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的照明装置，其中所述载体(21；21’)和至少一个环形的所述反射器(10；10’)设置为，使得由至少一个环形的所述反射器(10；10’)反射的且射到所述载体(21；21’)上的光以大于或者等于载体材料的布儒斯特角的入射角射到所述载体(21；21’)的表面(210；210’)上。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的照明装置，其中所述激光光源(30，40；30’，40’)分别装配有准直器(31，41；31’，41’)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的照明装置，其中所述激光光源(30，40；30’，40’)构成为发射蓝光的激光光源，并且至少一个所述光转换元件(20；20’)具有发光材料(22；22’)，所述发光材料构成为，将由所述激光光源(30，40；30’，40’)发射的光部分地转换为具有波长范围从560nm至590nm的主导波长的黄光的光谱范围中的光。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的照明装置，其中设有至少两个不同的激光光源组，并且其中属于不同的激光光源组的激光光源围绕至少一个环形的所述反射器的环轴线彼此错开地设置。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的照明装置，其中至少一个环形的所述反射器(10；10’)或者所述激光光源(30，40；30’，40’)或者至少一个所述光转换元件(20；20’)围绕至少一个环形的所述反射器(10；10’)的所述环轴线(A-A)能旋转地安装。
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