CN106338015A - 光学装置以及包括该装置的光模块和照明装置 - Google Patents
光学装置以及包括该装置的光模块和照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种光学装置,该光学装置包括:用于转换波长的光学转换器元件(21),由具有第一折射率的第一光学介质形成,转换器元件被构造成在转换器元件的第一面(23)处接收入射光束(1)并且将入射光束转换成被转换的光束;反射光学元件(22),所述反射光学元件被构造成反射被转换的光束;被称为主光学元件(3)的光学元件,主光学元件由具有第二折射率的第二光学介质形成,第二折射率基本上与第一折射率相同,主光学元件(3)被构造成接收入射光束(1)并且将入射光束传输至转换器元件(21),主光学元件的输出面被构造成将被转换的光束的离开主光学元件的杂光反射最小化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括至少一个波长转换器的光学装置,以及包含该装置的光模块和包括该模块的用于机动车辆的照明装置,例如为车前灯或信号指示灯。
背景技术
在机动车辆照明领域,当使用激光二极管作为光源时,已知的实践是使用用于转换波长的光学元件(也称为磷光体)以从由激光源提供的单色的常为蓝色的光中获得白光。激光束在可能的例如扫描和/或扩散的光学处理之后从而照射转换器。在这种应用的情况下,由转换器生成的光束继而被传输到光学投射系统以形成投射到道路上的照明光束。
尤其是考虑光视效率和热的原因,通常优选地使用通过反射起作用的转换器。
然而,在这种情况下会出现损失,该损失与激光束在波长转换器的输入表面上的入射点处的杂光反射有关,也和光束在形成转换器的材料中的全内反射有关,该全内反射也是杂光的,导致光束的一部分被吸收或者甚至被偏转到用于输出给光学投射系统的期望的角度之外。由于转换器和投射系统之间的距离必须足够大以使得激光束能够打到转换器上,因此这些机制被放大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于通过使得光损失最小化并且提高照明装置的效率来克服上述缺陷,并以最小的成本达到该目的。
为了该目的,本发明的主题为一种光学装置,该光学装置包括至少一个用于转换波长的光学转换器元件,所述至少一个用于转换波长的光学转换器元件由具有第一折射率的第一光学介质形成,转换器元件被构造成在转换器元件的第一面处接收入射光束并且将入射光束转换成被转换的光束。
本装置的卓越之处在于该装置还包括:
-反射光学元件,所述反射光学元件定位在转换器的第二面上,第二面与第一面相对,反射光学元件被构造成反射被转换的光束;
-被称为主光学元件的光学元件,主光学元件由具有第二折射率的第二光学介质形成,第二折射率基本上与第一折射率相同,主光学元件的第一面接近于转换器元件的第一面地定位,主光学元件被构造成接收入射光束并且将入射光束传输至转换器元件,主光学元件的第二面形成主光学元件的用于输出被转换的光束的面,主光学元件的第二面被构造成将被转换的光束的离开主光学元件的杂光反射最小化。
因此,本装置提供了添加的被称为主光学元件的光学元件,光束在打到波长转换器之前以及转换之后都穿过该主光学元件。主光学元件具有与波长转换材料尽可能相近的折射率,并且具有输出面,该输出面被构造成将沿外出方向以及有利地也沿进入方向离开该面的光束的杂光反射最小化。有利地,输出面基本上采取球体的形状。
因此本发明使得它被集成到其中的装置的性能得以改善,成本限制于单个附加的光学零件。
根据本发明的各种可被一起或单独采用的实施例:
-主光学元件的第二面为凸面的;
-主光学元件的第二面基本上采用球冠面的形式;
-球冠面基本上定心于主光学元件的第一面上;
-主光学元件包括被称为输入部分的部分,该输入部分被构造成接收入射光束;
-主光学元件的输入部分相对于用于转换波长的光学转换器元件偏心地定位;
-其中主光学元件的第二面在输入部分处凹入地突出;
-主光学元件的第二面在输入部分处采用球冠面的形式;
-主光学元件的第一面基本上定位在转换器元件的第一面上;
-主光学元件和转换器元件被结合;
-主光学元件结合到转换器元件上;
-主光学元件被二次模制到转换器元件上;
-主光学元件由与转换器元件相同的材料制成;
-形成转换器元件的材料包括执行波长转换的颗粒,尤其是埋入粘结剂中的;
-入射光束为单色的;
-入射光束由激光源提供;
-主光学元件的第二面为平坦的并且微结构化的,以将离开该第二面的全内反射最小化。
本发明也涉及一种光模块,该光模块包括上面所说明的光学装置,并且所述光模块还包括:光源,所述光源提供入射光束;用于扫描光束的扫描设备,定位于主光学元件的上游;以及物镜,所述物镜接收来自主光学元件的第二面的光束。
有利地,形成主光学元件的输入部分的第二面的球冠面定心于扫描设备上。
有利地,扫描设备包括具有例如MEMS(微机电系统)类型的往复偏转反射镜的装置,给予入射光束一维或二维扫描。
最后,本发明涉及一种包括这种模块的照明和/或信号指示装置,尤其用于机动车辆。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征和优势将会从下面以附图指示和示出的方式给出的详细的说明中显露出来。
图1为根据本发明的照明装置的一个实施例的图解的局部剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于转换波长的光学元件2,旨在由单色的入射光束1产生大体上白色的光束。
光束1例如由一个或更多个激光源(例如激光二极管)产生,并且此外典型地为蓝色。
光束1可在其到达转换器2之前已经经历各种光学处理,例如穿过给予其一维或二维扫描的设备和/或用于扩大激光光斑的扩散设备。
在这些各种传统地应用的处理中,在图中仅示出了一个装置,其具有例如MEMS(微机电系统)类型的往复偏转反射镜13,其给予光束1一维或二维扫描。
转换器2包括执行波长转换的光学材料21和反射材料22。
转换器材料21以任何已知的方式形成,例如由埋入到粘结剂26中的执行波长转换的颗粒25形成。颗粒25可由铕榴石和钇铝石榴石(YAG)形成。粘结剂例如为硅基材料。
转换器2例如采用通常的晶片的形式,激光束经由转换器材料21的第一面23被接收,并且反射材料22定位在材料21的与第一面23相对的第二面24的一侧上。反射材料22有利地以任何已知的手段结合到面24上:粘合剂、二次模制或其它手段。在使用粘合剂结合的情况下,使用被称为折射率匹配的粘合剂的透明粘合剂,其具有尽可能接近于被组合材料的折射率的几何平均的折射率。反射介质例如由铝形成,该材料尤其具有良好的散热性能。
根据本发明,被称为主光学元件的光学元件3被插入到光束1的路径中。光学元件的折射率与转换器元件2的折射率基本上相同,即尽可能接近,并且有利地与其相等。其例如由与层21的粘结剂相同的材料形成。以示例的形式,元件3可由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯或硅树脂或者甚至玻璃形成。
该主光学元件3尽可能近地接近于转换器2的面23定位,最好是结合到面23上,例如使用具有折射率基本等同于元件2和元件3的折射率的光学粘合剂,通过其面33中的一个连接结合到面23上,或这二次模制到元件2的面23上。
主光学元件3通过由34指示的另一个面接收激光束1,该面基本上面向面33。由此激光束经由面34穿透主光学元件3并且穿过主光学元件以穿透转换器材料21。之后激光束沿着主光学元件3的面34的方向被反射元件22反射。在转换器材料21的内部,激光束撞击在颗粒25上导致在由颗粒的晶格的吸收和再发射之后,形成入射光束的光子的波长的改变,这种现象伴随着该光束的一定量的扩散。
进一步地,有利地,其功能在于将入射光束扩散以消除由装置形成的任何危险的颗粒(未示出)被加入到转换器2的粘结剂26中。
从主光学元件3出去的光束之后被光束投射物镜5收集,例如用于在机动车辆照明应用中照亮道路。
两个箭头11示出从主光学元件3产生的激光束的限制路径使得其可被物镜5使用。
根据本发明,主光学元件3的面34被构造成将离开该面的激光束的杂光反射最小化。
为了这个目的,其凸面地突起,例如有利地大体上采用球冠面的形式,该球体继而优选地基本上定心在界面23-33上,在激光束打在该表面上的区域10内。
采用这种方式,当元件2和元件3的折射率相近或优选地相等时,离开表面23的激光束的全内反射很大程度上被最小化,因此避免了转换器材料21中的导光现象,这种导光现象可导致一部分光从可用区域中出去,或这甚至光被部分吸收,并且因此导致光损失。
此外,由虚线箭头12图解地示出的入射激光束离开主光学元件的面33的杂光反射由于同样的原因被最小化,由此避免了一部分的光被损失或者不穿过波长转换器而被直接传到物镜。
进一步地,由于当激光束出去时离开主光学元件3的面34的反射,该面的形式允许损失被极大地最小化,激光束以基本为零或是非常小的入射角打到面34上。
最后,主光学元件3的存在和其面34的凸面体形状使得被转换器沿所有方向发散的光被朝向物镜5集中。
根据本发明的一个变形例,主光学元件的由4指示的接收入射激光束1的部分被改变,其改变在于面34在接收激光束的区域被改变,由41指示的该区域仍然突起但是下凹,有利地基本上采用球冠面的形式并优选地以扫描设备13为中心。以这种方式,激光束以基本为零的入射角到达主光学元件13的部分4,并且光束1的离开表面41上的杂光反射被最小化,从而将传输的光通量最大化。
应当注意,面34的曲率,包括区域41的曲率,如果适用,必须在物镜5的光学计算中被传统地考虑。
进一步地,激光束1穿过其进入到主光学元件3的部分4优选地相对于转换器2偏心地定位,即,横向地平移,使得其不截断由转换器发射的光并且易于进入到投射物镜。
根据本发明的另一个变形例(未示出),主光学元件3的面34不是凸面的而是平坦的并且以已知的方式形成整齐的微观化结构,以将全内反射现象最小化并且利于光的取出。
以示例的方式,这些微观机构可为微锥,微球、随意的结构或者甚至为衍射光栅,该衍射光栅被调成激光束的波长以基本上消除任何给定入射角的部分反射。
由此已经描述了一种光学装置,其使得在其各种构成元件的界面处的杂光反射和全内反射被最小化,并且使得光的损失最小化,由此最佳化由该装置出去的朝向物镜5的光通量。并且使这些以简单的方式来实现,包括增加单个光学零件,即主光学元件3,其易于生产并且还执行对波长转换器2的机械保护。
Claims (15)
1.一种光学装置,该光学装置包括至少一个用于转换波长的光学转换器元件(21),所述至少一个用于转换波长的光学转换器元件由具有第一折射率的第一光学介质形成,转换器元件被构造成在转换器元件的第一面(23)处接收入射光束(1)并且将入射光束转换成被转换的光束,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:
-反射光学元件(22),所述反射光学元件定位在转换器的第二面(24)上,第二面与第一面相对,反射光学元件被构造成反射被转换的光束;
-被称为主光学元件(3)的光学元件,主光学元件由具有第二折射率的第二光学介质形成,第二折射率基本上与第一折射率相同,主光学元件的第一面(33)接近于转换器元件(21)的第一面(23)地定位,主光学元件被构造成接收入射光束并且将入射光束传输至转换器元件,主光学元件的第二面(34)形成主光学元件的用于输出被转换的光束的面,主光学元件的第二面被构造成将被转换的光束的离开主光学元件的杂光反射最小化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光学装置,其特征在于:主光学元件(3)的第二面(34)为凸面的。
3.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的光学装置,其特征在于:主光学元件(3)的第二面(34)基本上采用球冠面的形式。
4.根据权利要求3所述的光学装置,其特征在于:球冠面基本上定心于主光学元件的第一面(33)上。
5.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的光学装置,其特征在于:主光学元件包括被称为输入部分(4)的部分,该输入部分被构造成接收入射光束并且相对于用于转换波长的光学转换器元件偏心地定位。
6.根据权利要求5所述的光学装置,其特征在于:其中主光学元件的第二面在输入部分(4)处凹入地突出。
7.根据权利要求6所述的光学装置,其特征在于:主光学元件的第二面在输入部分处采用球冠面(41)的形式。
8.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的光学装置,其特征在于:主光学元件结合到转换器元件上。
9.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的光学装置,其特征在于:主光学元件(3)以与转换器元件相同的材料被二次模制到转换器元件上。
10.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的光学装置,其特征在于:入射光束(1)为单色的。
11.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的光学装置,其特征在于:入射光束(1)由激光源提供。
12.根据权利要求1所述的光学装置,其特征在于:主光学元件(3)的第二面(34)为平坦的并且微结构化的,以将离开该第二面的全内反射最小化。
13.一种光模块,所述光模块包括根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的光学装置,其特征在于,所述光模块还包括:
光源,所述光源提供入射光束;
用于扫描光束的扫描设备(13),定位于主光学元件(3)的上游;以及
物镜(5),所述物镜接收来自主光学元件的第二面(34)的光束。
14.根据权利要求13所述的光模块,其中所述光学装置为根据权利要求7所述的光学装置,并且其中球冠面定心于扫描设备上。
15.一种照明和/或信号指示装置,尤其用于机动车辆,其特征在于,所述照明和/或信号指示装置包括根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的模块。
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