CN104371697B - 一种阴离子型清洁压裂液 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及到一种可用于油田压裂增产作业的阴离子型清洁压裂液及其制备方法，属于油气田开采应用技术领域。本发明的阴离子型清洁压裂液的各组分质量百分比为：长碳链天然脂肪酸盐阴离子表面活性剂2～8％，Bola型反离子季铵盐0.5～6％，纳米稳定剂0.1～2％，其余为水。该清洁压裂液制备方法简单快捷，先将Bola型季铵盐反离子盐室温搅拌溶于水中，然后缓慢加入脂肪酸盐和纳米稳定剂即可制得透明状的粘稠流体，具有对地层伤害低、携砂能力强、无需破胶剂、吸附小、绿色环保的优点。这种阴离子型清洁压裂液在油气田压裂开采的应用中具有巨大的潜在价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到一种油田开采中的阴离子型清洁压裂液，属于油气田压裂技术领域。
背景技术
为了克服在使用传统水溶性高分子压裂液作业中对地层造成的伤害，以表面活性剂自组装形成的粘弹性流体为基础的清洁压裂液日益受到人们的关注。
在清洁压裂液的制备及应用过程中，廉价易得、绿色环保、且增粘能力强的粘弹性表面活性剂一直是实际生产应用所追逐的目标和渴望解决的难题之一。目前使用的粘弹性表面活性剂多为阳离子表面活性剂(CN10395199A，CN102643637A,CN103897684A，CN101298555A,CN101481608A)或两性离子表面活性剂(CN101812290A,CN103951593A,CN104073235A,CN102851017)。相对于阴离子表面活性剂，阳离子在带负电荷的岩石表面更易发生吸附，这往往会造成体系中表面活性剂含量的降低，从而影响压裂液的粘弹性，导致压裂液成本升高。此外，阳离子表面活性剂具有比阴离子表面活性剂更高的毒性和刺激性、更难生物降解。而两性离子表面活性剂的生产过程往往较阴离子表面活性剂复杂繁琐，尤其是相对于脂肪酸盐阴离子表面活性剂，从而造成其压裂液成本的升高。
然而，由于阴离子型粘弹性流体的制备条件较为苛刻且粘弹性较弱，一直困扰着阴离子型压裂液的推广应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种成本较低、粘弹性十分显著、制备简单的阴离子型清洁压裂液及其制备方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种阴离子型清洁压裂液，该清洁压裂液的组分基重量百分比为：长碳链天然脂肪酸盐阴离子表面活性剂2～8％，反离子盐0.5～6％，纳米稳定剂0.1～2％，其余为水。
所述长碳链脂肪酸盐包括硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸钾、芥酸钠、芥酸钾、山嵛酸钾、山嵛酸钠、花生酸钠或花生酸钾中的一种或几种混合物。
所述反离子盐为一种或几种Bola型季铵盐的混合物，其分子通式为：
其中R1为C1～C8的烷基、羟基烷基或含苯环的烷基，R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基或苄基。
所述纳米稳定剂为气相二氧化硅粉末、纳米硫酸钡粉末、高岭土中的一种或几种的混合物。
该清洁压裂液为透明无色粘稠状液体，在室温下表现出类凝胶性能，能够在试管内倒立而不流动，高温达到120摄氏度时，其在170s-1下的剪切粘度依然可以保持在80mPa.s.
该清洁压裂液的制备方法简单快捷，先将Bola型季铵盐反离子盐室温搅拌溶于水中，然后缓慢加入脂肪酸盐。待脂肪酸盐溶解后，加入一定量的纳米稳定剂即可形成阴离子型清洁压裂液。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少有以下优势：
1)脂肪酸钠或脂肪酸钾十分廉价易得，且绿色环保。
2)相对于阳离子型清洁压裂液，本发明的阴离子型压裂液在地层吸附较弱。
3)Bola型季铵盐的加入，既可以降低长碳链阴离子表面活性剂的Krafft点，加速溶解过程，又可以与阴离子表面活性剂形成“类双子”结构，从而大大提高了其粘弹性，增强了携沙效果。
4)该清洁压裂液配置简单，与地层吸附小，对地层伤害低。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例的阴离子型清洁压裂液的粘温性能。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例更为详细的描述本发明，但是这些实施例不以任何方式限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
阴离子型清洁压裂液包括以下成分：硬脂酸酸钠2％，芥酸钾2％，N1,N1,N1,N2,N2,N2-六甲基丙基溴化二铵1.5％，气相二氧化硅0.5％，水93.5％。其粘温性能见图1，随着温度的升高，压裂液的粘度不断下降，但在120摄氏度，170s-1下的剪切粘度依然可以保持在50mPa.s左右，完全满足油气田压裂作业需求。
实施例2
阴离子型清洁压裂液包括以下成分：山嵛酸钾4％，N1,N1,N2,N2-四甲基-N1,N2-二苄基己基溴化二铵2.5％，N1,N1,N1,N2,N2,N2-六甲基丙基溴化二铵0.5％，硫酸钡0.8％，其余为水。其粘温性能见图1，室温下170s-1下的剪切粘度大约有490mPa.s，当温度升至120摄氏度时170s-1下的剪切粘度依然保持在50mPa.s以上。
实施例3
阴离子型清洁压裂液包括以下成分：花生钠2.5％，硬脂酸钾2.5％，山嵛酸钾0.5％，N1,N1,N2,N2-四甲基-N1,N2-二乙基己基氯化二铵2％，N1,N1,N1,N2,N2,N2-六甲基乙基溴化二铵，高岭土0.3％，其余为水。其粘温性能见图1，起始时170s-1下的剪切粘度大约有530mPa.s，当温度升至120摄氏度时170s-1下的剪切粘度依然保持在50mPa.s左右。
实施例4
阴离子型清洁压裂液包括以下成分：硬脂酸酸钠2％，芥酸钠2％，山嵛酸钾1％，N1,N1,N2,N2-四甲基-N1,N2-二羟乙基己基氯化二铵3％，N1,N1,N2,N2-四甲基-N1,N2-二苄基丙基氯化二铵1％，气相二氧化硅0.5％，高岭土0.5％，其余为水。其粘温性能见图1，室温下170s-1下的剪切粘度大约有600mPa.s，当温度升至120摄氏度时170s-1下的剪切粘度依然保持在80mPa.s以上。
Claims (3)
1.一种阴离子型清洁压裂液，其特征在于：各组分质量百分比为：
长碳链天然脂肪酸盐阴离子表面活性剂2～8％，反离子盐0.5～6％，纳米稳定剂0.1～2％，其余为水；
上述组分中的反离子盐为一种或几种Bola型季铵盐的混合物，其分子通式为：
其中R1为C1～C8的烷基、羟基烷基或含苯环的烷基，R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7为甲基、乙基、丙基或苄基；
上述组分中的纳米稳定剂为气相二氧化硅粉末、纳米硫酸钡粉末、高岭土中的一种或几种的混合物；
上述组分中的天然脂肪酸为：硬脂酸、芥酸、山嵛酸、花生酸中的一种或几种的混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种阴离子型清洁压裂液，其特征在于上述组分中的阴离子表面活性剂为来源于天然脂肪酸的皂盐，为钾皂、钠皂或二者的混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种阴离子型清洁压裂液，其特征在于R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7为异丙基。
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| CN109652052A (zh) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-19 | 中石油煤层气有限责任公司 | 一种压裂液、破胶剂、压裂液体系和压裂液的制备方法 |
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| US5979555A (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 1999-11-09 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Surfactants for hydraulic fractoring compositions |
| CN101775276A (zh) * | 2010-02-02 | 2010-07-14 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种中高温清洁压裂液及其制备方法 |
| CN102093874A (zh) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-06-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 阴离子型纳米复合清洁压裂液及其制备方法 |
| CN102352234A (zh) * | 2011-10-14 | 2012-02-15 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种低伤害压裂液及其制备方法 |
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| US5979555A (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 1999-11-09 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Surfactants for hydraulic fractoring compositions |
| CN101775276A (zh) * | 2010-02-02 | 2010-07-14 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种中高温清洁压裂液及其制备方法 |
| CN102093874A (zh) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-06-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 阴离子型纳米复合清洁压裂液及其制备方法 |
| CN102352234A (zh) * | 2011-10-14 | 2012-02-15 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种低伤害压裂液及其制备方法 |
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