CN104364511A - 用于控制具有皮带轮发电机的动力传动系的方法 - Google Patents

用于控制具有皮带轮发电机的动力传动系的方法 Download PDF

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CN104364511A
CN104364511A CN201380030820.9A CN201380030820A CN104364511A CN 104364511 A CN104364511 A CN 104364511A CN 201380030820 A CN201380030820 A CN 201380030820A CN 104364511 A CN104364511 A CN 104364511A
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托马斯·温克勒
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18018—Start-stop drive, e.g. in a traffic jam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0844—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop with means for restarting the engine directly after an engine stop request, e.g. caused by change of driver mind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/08—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing being of friction type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B60K2006/4841—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range the gear provides shifting between multiple ratios
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0644—Engine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0644—Engine speed
    • B60W2710/065—Idle condition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
    • F02N2200/022—Engine speed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于控制动力传动系的方法，所述动力传动系具有能够在启动/停止运行中运行的内燃机和与内燃机的曲轴经由皮带传动装置连接的皮带轮发电机，所述皮带轮发电机具有两个可切换的传动比。为了实现从停机柔和且快速地切换成重新启动内燃机，在将已经低于怠速转速的转速变成继续运行的情况下根据动力传动系的至少一个运行参数选择皮带轮发电机的传动比，并且内燃机借助于皮带轮发电机在所选择的传动比的情况下加速到怠速转速。

Description

用于控制具有皮带轮发电机的动力传动系的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制动力传动系的方法，所述动力传动系具有能够在启动/停止运行中运行的内燃机和与内燃机的曲轴经由皮带传动装置连接的皮带轮发电机，所述皮带轮发电机具有两个可切换的传动比。
背景技术
具有启动/停止系统的机动车的动力传动系长久以来例如从DE 2748 697A1中已知，其中内燃机在红绿灯、铁路交叉道口、拥堵等时的暂时静止的状态下被停止并且随后再次启动，以便节约燃料。在此，将内燃机完全置于静止并且借助于旋转的飞轮质量再次起动。在具有常规的带有启动/停止系统的起动器的机动车中，当内燃机转速达到零时才在内燃机停止之后再次启动所述内燃机，因为仅在那时才能接合起动器。在永久接合的起动器、例如轻度混合动力或最小混合动力形式的起动器中，必须将转速降低到内燃机的启动转速，以便所述内燃机在停止之后能够再次启动。所述启动系统在所谓的改变想法情况(Change-of-mind-Situation)下需要高的切换时间，所述切换时间被感觉为是不柔和的并且在需要快速进行反应的交通情况下能够是危险的，其中在所述改变想法情况中驾驶员在内燃机已经停止的情况下希望继续行驶。
此外，从文献DE 10 2004 060 991 A1、DE 10 2007 021 233 A1和DE 10 2011 087 697A1中已知一种皮带传动器，所述皮带传动器借助于传动装置能够在内燃机和电机之间设定不同的传动比，使得所述皮带传动器能够在效率优化的情况下以冷启动和热启动来启动内燃机、辅助驱动内燃机、对蓄电池充电和在助推运行中将电能馈入到蓄电池中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，为具有皮带轮发电机的动力传动系提出一种方法，所述方法尤其在内燃机设定为停止时改变想法的情况下实现快速且柔和地再次运行所述内燃机。
所述目的通过根据权利要求1所述的方法来实现。权利要求2至9包含权利要求1的有利的实施方式。
在用于控制动力传动系的有利的方法中，其中所述动力传动系具有能够在启动/停止运行中运行的内燃机和与内燃机的曲轴经由皮带传动装置连接的皮带轮发电机，所述皮带轮发电机具有两个可切换的传动比，在以将已经低于怠速转速的转速变成继续运行的方式对已计划的或已准备进行的内燃机停止作出重新控制时，根据动力传动系的至少一个运行参数选择皮带轮发电机的传动比，并且内燃机借助于皮带轮发电机在所选择的传动比的情况下加速到怠速转速。在此，传动比优选地由可切换的行星传动装置提供。在这种可切换的行星传动装置中，例如能够借助于可在两个方向上切换的飞轮例如将直接的传动比1:1和皮带轮发电机形式的电动机的例如3:1的传动比切换到快速模式中。皮带轮发电机在此优选集成到现有的具有附属机组的皮带传动器中。根据动力传动系的运行参数进行的传动比控制在此以快速重新激活内燃机的目的进行，而动力传动系例如附属机组等不受到高负载。
在此证实为有利的是，当可直接或者以小的传动比转换到快速模式中时，选择内燃机和为了驱动所述内燃机再次启动的皮带轮发电机之间的传动比，以便实现快速的再次启动。如果在此由于施加在皮带轮发电机上的高的力矩而存在对动力驱动系的构件或元件的危害，那么通过选择转换到快速模式中的皮带轮发电机来承担稍微缓慢的、然而总体上还是更快速的再次启动。
特别地，在动力传动系中借助双质量飞轮选择传动比证实为是有利的。在此，依据双质量飞轮的负载，例如以飞轮质量彼此间的摆动角的形式，切换相应的传动比，以便相应地调整皮带轮发电机的力矩。由于通过利用所提出的方法避免所谓的撞击，所以能够更简单地、尤其单级地构造双质量飞轮。如果例如在直接的传动比中预期皮带轮发电机的过高的力矩进而预期过大的摆动角，那么将如行星传动装置的传动装置切换到快速模式中。摆动角能够借助于输入端侧的和输出端侧的转速传感器或转角传感器来确定。另一方面，必须避免：当皮带轮发电机的力矩过小时，在再次启动内燃机期间避免所谓的共振挂起
通过另外的运行参数影响皮带轮发电机的力矩。根据按照本发明的思想，因此，根据所述运行参数切换传动比，所述另外的运行参数例如是对皮带轮发电机馈电的蓄电池的剩余容量和/或充电状态和/或附属机组、例如空调压缩机所需要的负载。因此，根据本发明的思想，依据这些运行参数来切换传动比。如果例如附属机组的负载由于空调压缩机的运行而是高的和/或皮带轮发电机的功率例如由于蓄电池的由低的温度和/或低的充电而引起的小的剩余容量而受限，例如小于其最大功率的40％，那么优选地选择直接地或小地转换到快速模式中的传动装置级，因为例如双质量飞轮的摆动角度在该情况下保持得小。如果负载小和/或皮带轮发电机的可能的功率高、例如大于等于其最大功率的40％，那么通过选择到快速模式的传动比来限制皮带轮发电机的力矩。例如证实为有利的是，寻求50Nm至80Nm的力矩，以便一方面避免双质量飞轮的不能实现启动的共振挂起，并且另一方面避免由于高的摆动角度引起的双质量飞轮的过载。
为了能够考虑使用运行参数来单义地在重新控制期间控制传动比的选择，能够为所述运行参数确定边界值，所述边界值在使用寿命期间能够是恒定的或者能够在运行持续时间期间适用于运行参数的发展。此外，经由多个运行参数、例如附属机组的负载、蓄电池的充电状态、双质量飞轮的特征数据等来编制进行中的实时更新的特征曲线族，根据所述特征曲线族在改变想法的情况下接入相应的传动比。
已经显示出：皮带轮发电机在大多数情况下功率强至足以将内燃机在再次启动期间在没有喷射的情况下向上牵引到怠速转速。以该方式，在转速低于怠速转速的情况下对于双质量飞轮而言避免不利的转动不均匀性。因此提出，控制低于怠速转速的内燃机的喷射过程并且必要时控制皮带轮发电机的有效提供的力矩的要选择的传动比。
所提出的方法优选实现在内燃机的下述转速情况下启动，在所述转速情况下不再能通过喷射过程自主地再次启动内燃机。这意味着：该方法在转速小于预设的或可预设的转速阈值的情况下执行。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于控制动力传动系的方法，所述动力传动系具有能够在启动/停止运行中运行的内燃机和与所述内燃机的曲轴经由皮带传动装置连接的皮带轮发电机，所述皮带轮发电机具有两个能切换的传动比，
其特征在于，在以将已经低于怠速转速的转速变成继续运行的方式来对已计划的内燃机停止作出重新控制时，根据所述动力传动系的至少一个运行参数选择所述皮带轮发电机的传动比，并且所述内燃机借助于所述皮带轮发电机在所选择的传动比的情况下加速到怠速转速。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法在动力传动系中借助设置在所述曲轴和变速器之间的单级的双质量飞轮执行。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述传动比根据所述双质量飞轮的飞轮质量之间的待预期的摆动角来选择。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，根据在所述动力传动系中有效的附属机组的负载选择传动比。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，在低于从所述皮带轮发电机到所述内燃机的负载的边界值的情况下转换到快速模式中。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，根据与所述皮带轮发电机电连接的蓄电池的充电状态来选择传动比。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，在低于所述充电状态的边界值的情况下转换到快速模式中。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，低于所述怠速转速的所述内燃机的喷射过程根据所述皮带轮发电机的有效提供的力矩来控制。
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CN108501941A (zh) * 2018-03-29 2018-09-07 吉利汽车研究院（宁波）有限公司 发动机起动方法、装置及系统
CN114776503A (zh) * 2022-03-31 2022-07-22 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 一种发动机系统及车辆

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