CN104360382B - A method of oil and gas detection is carried out using post-stack seismic data - Google Patents
A method of oil and gas detection is carried out using post-stack seismic data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method for carrying out oil and gas detection using post-stack seismic data, the present invention determines sliding window parameter by seismic trace near well interval of interest spectrum analysis；To be weighted and averaged the low-and high-frequency part of frequency partition frequency spectrum, low frequency part spectrum energy is sought using the method that reverse frequency weights；Using the low frequency part energy of frequency spectrum and the ratio of high frequency section energy, energy coefficient is obtained；The attenuation of seismic wave factor is constructed with energy coefficient and weighted frequency, to indicate the probability of stratum oily；Work area attenuation of seismic wave factor data body is obtained, identifies advantageous oily target area in work area.The present invention can be extracted sufficiently and using low frequency enhancing in seismic data frequency spectrum, the information of high frequency attenuation, be conducive to the presence of prominent oil-gas Layer, enhance the recognition capability to oil-gas Layer, improve the sensitivity of oil and gas detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for carrying out oil and gas detection using post-stack seismic data, belong to seismic prospecting reservoir hydrocarbons
Electric powder prediction.
Background technique
Post-stack seismic data in addition to carry related with subsurface geological structure form kinematics information (such as reflecting surface form,
When travelling etc.) except, further comprise a large amount of dynamic informations related with subterranean strata property.It is main right with seismic prospecting
As turning to lithologic deposit field, it is intended that obtaining interval of interest rock by attributes such as the amplitude of post-stack seismic data, frequencies
The information of property and oil-gas possibility.
In the 60 to 70's of twentieth century, there is the oil and gas testing technique according to seismic amplitude feature, such technology is main
Prediction applied to oil-gas reservoir in more newly deposited stratum.Exploration practices show those are ancient, bury deeper oil-gas reservoir
In, the seismic reflection amplitude characteristic of oil-gas reservoir is unobvious, and oil and gas detection result has multi-solution.
Other than using the amplitude information of seismic data, people more attempt to believe using the frequency carried in seismic data
Breath carries out direct oil and gas detection, the methods of instantaneous frequency, absorption coefficient, attenuation gradient, Frequency spectrum ratio occurs, under given conditions
Achieve certain effect.In recent years by using signal analysis technologies such as wavelet transformation, S-transformations, time frequency analysis is increased
Resolution ratio, and it is used for calculating and the hydrocarbon detection of frequency spectrum parameter.By years of researches and development, occur in succession a variety of
Gas-oil detecting method, but due to the complexity of the practical geological conditions in underground, every kind of method has certain limitation.Summarize and
It says, the current method using frequency information detection oil gas is primarily present following problems:
(1) the local spectrum signal analysis method taken for single earthquake sampled point or very thin layer section, it is difficult to overcome
Influence of the reflection coefficient to frequency spectrum, oil and gas detection reliability are low.Application No. is 200910236634.6 disclosure of the invention one kind
Oil gas forecasting method, this method utilizes the good time-domain of wavelet function and frequency domain localized variation characteristic, according to calculated
The range of profitability of dominant frequency and/or quality factor the predicting oil/gas distribution of multiple longitudinal wave signals.The frequency letter extracted due to this method
Breath is affected by earth formation itself, is caused oil and gas detection reliability poor, not can accurately reflect the presence or absence of oil gas.
(2) application number 201010227065.1 disclose it is a kind of utilize seismic data instantaneous frequency attribute carry out oil and gas detection
Method, the time-frequency spectrum of each sampling point of seismic data is obtained by using generalized S-transform, then with gross energy in time-frequency spectrum
15% and 35% is respectively to calculate the initial frequency of low-frequency range attenuation by absorption gradient and terminate frequency, to initial frequency and terminates frequency
Time-frequency spectrum between rate is fitted after taking natural logrithm using least square method, and the low-frequency range attenuation by absorption ladder of the sampling point is obtained
Degree, the strong position of low-frequency range attenuation by absorption gradient corresponds to oily range of profitability.A large amount of petrophysics experiment and oil gas earthquake
Exploration practices (Dilay, Eastwood, 1995；Gao Jianhu, Yong Xueshan, 2004；Zhang Jingye, He Zhenhua etc., 2010；Zhong Weijun,
Chen Jun etc., 2012) show that gas-bearing layer seismic data shows as " high frequency attenuation, low frequency increase " in frequency variation.It is this to pass through
The gas-oil detecting method for seeking low cut gradient, it is inconsistent with actual oil-gas reservoir seismic response features, lead to oil and gas detection
Method applicability is poor.
(3) seismic data spectral decay gradient class gas-oil detecting method, influences vulnerable to earth formation itself, and oil and gas detection is steady
Qualitative difference.Seismic data frequency spectrum contains earth formation information and seismic wavelet information, is subsurface formations reflection coefficient and earthquake
The coefficient result of wavelet.When computation window is smaller, frequency spectrum is affected by reflection coefficient, is not easy to obtain really
Seismic wave attenuation parameter；When computation window is larger, spectrum morphology is irregular, and the computational stability of attenuation gradient is poor.
(4) gas-oil detecting method for utilizing frequency spectrum high and low frequency energy ratio, reflects that the sensitivity of oil-gas Layer is low.This method with
The corresponding frequency of peak amplitude (dominant frequency) is boundary in frequency and amplitude spectrum, dominant frequency low frequency part below within the scope of effective band
Energy removes the high frequency section energy of dominant frequency or more, i.e. acquisition high and low frequency energy ratio.This method preferably characterizes seismic data
The distribution of high and low frequency energy and composition.It is and right but in fact, since the presence of oil gas can cause low-frequency range portion of energy to enhance
For high band, frequency is more highly attenuating, and degree is bigger.The oil and gas detection side of high and low frequency band energy ratio is carried out using dominant frequency as boundary
Method contains more unwise in the presence of reflecting to oil gas because the range for including in conventional low-frequency range energy is sought is usually larger
Including the information of sense, thus, this kind of gas-oil detecting method sensitivity is low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to overcome low reliability existing for above-mentioned existing gas-oil detecting method, bad adaptability, stability insufficient
The problems such as, propose a kind of gas-oil detecting method using post-stack seismic data.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is reversely to weight to seek low frequency part energy and obtain by frequency using technical solution
Energy coefficient newly is obtained, and the attenuation of seismic wave factor is constructed with new energy coefficient and weighted frequency, it is prominent to earthquake spectrum number
According to the extraction and utilization of middle low frequency enhancing and high frequency attenuation information, the energy that oil and gas detection is carried out using post-stack seismic data is improved
Power, comprising the following steps:
1, data preparation: obtain the earthquake poststack pure wave data in work area, in work area each well location coordinate and each well target zone
Target zone top, the bottom time data of section oil bearing reservoir thickness and explanation；
2, the analysis time range and sliding window length of seismic data are determined:
2.1 according to work area explain target zone top, bottom time data, using guarantee covering target zone range be principle determination
The analysis time range of earthquake poststack pure wave data；
2.2 extract the seismic trace near well of the well location according to each well location coordinate in earthquake poststack pure wave data, using difference
Sliding window length obtains each time sampling point of the seismic trace near well interval of interest using short-time Fourier transform method
Frequency spectrum, by analyzing different sliding window length to the feature of the seismic trace near well interval of interest frequency spectrum and its to oil-gas Layer
It characterizes and determines sliding window length；
3, energy coefficient is extracted to work area earthquake poststack pure wave data, constructs the attenuation of seismic wave factor, obtain decay factor
Data volume, analysis identify advantageous oily target area in work area:
3.1 are directed to each seismic channel of earthquake poststack pure wave data, within the scope of the analysis time determined in step 2.1
Short-time Fourier transform is done with the sliding window length determined in step 2.2 to each time sampling point, obtaining the time adopts
The frequency spectrum of sampling point determines the low frequency end and front end of weighted average frequency and effective band；
3.2, using the weighted average frequency determined in step 3.1 as separation, are divided into the frequency spectrum of the time sampling point
Two parts of low frequency and high frequency sum the low frequency part of frequency spectrum in the form that frequency reversely weights, obtain the low frequency portion of frequency spectrum
Divide energy；The high frequency section of frequency spectrum is summed, the high frequency section energy of frequency spectrum is obtained；
Wherein, the range of low frequency end to weighted average frequency is low frequency part, the range of weighted average frequency to front end
For high frequency section；
The ratio of the 3.3 low frequency part energy and high frequency section energy obtained using step 3.2, obtains the time sampling
The energy coefficient of point, and the weighted average frequency determined by the energy coefficient of the time sampling point and step 3.1, when constructing this
Between sampled point the attenuation of seismic wave factor；
3.4 repeat the above steps 3.1-3.3, obtain work area earthquake poststack pure wave data per determining together in step 2.1
The attenuation of seismic wave factor of each time sampling point within the scope of analysis time, obtains work area attenuation of seismic wave factor data body；
The work area attenuation of seismic wave factor data body that 3.5 pairs of above-mentioned steps 3.4 obtain divides according to the size of its numerical value
Advantageous oily target area in analysis, identification work area.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention seeks frequency spectrum low frequency part energy by using the reversed method of weighting of frequency
And new energy coefficient is obtained, and the method by constructing the attenuation of seismic wave factor by new energy coefficient and weighted average frequency
Work area attenuation of seismic wave factor data body is obtained, sufficiently can extract and utilize in seismic data frequency spectrum that " low frequency enhances, high frequency declines
Subtract " information, be conducive to the presence of prominent oil-gas Layer, enhance the recognition capability to oil-gas Layer, improve the spirit of oil and gas detection
Sensitivity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the 3-D seismics pure wave data section that p138-7 well is crossed in Chinese 138 work area Bohai gulf basin Dong- pu Depression Pu
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the method schematic diagram for determining analysis time range；
Fig. 4 is Chinese 138 work area p138-7 seismic trace near well difference sliding window length of Bohai gulf basin Dong- pu Depression Pu
Time-frequency spectrum；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that frequency spectrum major parameter defines；
Fig. 6 is that p138-7 well attenuation of seismic wave factor sectional view is crossed in 138 work area Bohai gulf basin Dong- pu Depression Pu；
Fig. 7 is the work area Es3z2 layers of oil and gas prediction plan view of Bohai gulf basin Dong- pu Depression Pu 138；
Fig. 8 is the work area Es3z3 layers of oil and gas prediction plan view of Bohai gulf basin Dong- pu Depression Pu 138.
Specific embodiment
Below by taking the hydrocarbon detection in Chinese 138 work area Bohai gulf basin Dong- pu Depression Pu as an example, and in conjunction with attached drawing to this
Detailed description of the invention.As shown in Figure 1, the present invention the following steps are included:
1, data preparation: obtain the earthquake poststack pure wave data in work area, in work area each well location coordinate and each well target zone
Section oil bearing reservoir thickness and explanation target zone top, bottom time data, Fig. 2 show one indicate p138-7 well location set and
The seismic cross-section of Es3z1, Es3z2, Es3z3, Es3z4 layers of bottom interface layer position, poststack earthquake pure wave data time sample rate are
2ms, time sampling points 2000；Table 1 shows that the oily of Es3z2 and Es3z3 layers of p138-2, p138-3 and p138-7 well is thick
Degree evidence.
The Chinese 138 work area part well core intersection statistical form of Bohai gulf basin Dong- pu Depression Pu of table 1
2, time range to be analyzed and sliding window length are determined:
2.1 according to work area explain target zone top, bottom time data, using guarantee covering target zone range be principle determination
The analysis time range of earthquake poststack pure wave data, Fig. 3 are the schematic diagram for determining analysis time range method, this example selection analysis
Time range is 1200-3600ms, includes each main purpose layer in work area；
2.2 extract the seismic trace near well of the well location according to each well location coordinate in earthquake poststack pure wave data, using difference
Sliding window length obtains each time sampling point of the seismic trace near well interval of interest using short-time Fourier transform method
Frequency domain amplitude spectrum --- i.e. frequency spectrum, by analyzing different sliding window length to the seismic trace near well interval of interest frequency spectrum
Form and its ability reflected to oil-gas Layer determine sliding window length, comprising the following steps:
2.2.1 seismic trace near well x (i) is extracted in work area earthquake poststack pure wave data according to well location coordinate, i is is taken out
Take the serial number of seismic trace near well time sampling point；
2.2.2, obtained respectively with sliding window length 160ms, 120ms, 80ms and 40ms using fourier transform method
The frequency spectrum A (i, f) of each time sampling point of the interval of interest of seismic channel x (i), i.e.,
A (i, f) < -- > FFT (x'(i)) (1)
Wherein, i is the serial number of time sampling point, and f is the serial number of stepped-frequency signal, x'(i) it is seismic channel x (i) plus hamming
Window as a result, i.e.
The expression formula of hamming window is
Wherein, j is the time sampling point serial number of hamming window function, and N is the number of samples of sliding window, and π is pi；
2.2.3 different time window lengths are analyzed to frequency domain amplitude spectrum form and its to the ability of oil-gas Layer reflection, determines and slides
Dynamic time window length, Fig. 4 show ground by the p138-7 well obtained using 160ms, 120ms, 80ms and 40ms sliding window length
The time-frequency spectrum for shaking road, caused by visible Es3z2 and Es3z3 layers of oil reservoir on sliding window length gained frequency spectrum each in figure
There are apparent energy to enhance phenomenon for the extremely low frequency range of 10Hz or less, further analyzes temporal resolution and frequency spectrum shape in time-frequency spectrum
State, it is believed that Fig. 4 c has preferable temporal resolution and frequency resolution, thereby determines that sliding window length is 80ms；
3, energy coefficient is extracted to work area earthquake poststack pure wave data, constructs the attenuation of seismic wave factor, obtain decay factor
Data volume, analysis identify advantageous oily target area in work area:
3.1 are directed to each seismic channel of earthquake poststack pure wave data, within the scope of the analysis time determined in step 2.1
Short-time Fourier transform is done with the sliding window length determined in step 2.2 to each time sampling point, obtaining the time adopts
The frequency spectrum A (i, f) of sampling point, wherein i is the serial number of time sampling point, and f is the serial number of stepped-frequency signal, by maximum in A (i, f)
The 1/20 of amplitude is the low frequency end f that lower limit determines effective bandLWith front end fH, Fig. 5 illustrates the meaning of primary spectrum parameter
Justice is weighted and averaged frequency fwIt determines by the following method
3.2, using the weighted average frequency determined in step 3.1 as separation, are divided into the frequency spectrum of the time sampling point
Two parts of low frequency and high frequency sum the low frequency part of frequency spectrum in the form that frequency reversely weights, obtain the low frequency portion of frequency spectrum
Divide ENERGY EL
The high frequency section of frequency spectrum is summed, the high frequency section ENERGY E of frequency spectrum is obtainedH
Wherein, the range of low frequency end to weighted average frequency is low frequency part, the range of weighted average frequency to front end
For high frequency section；
The ratio of the 3.3 low frequency part energy and high frequency section energy obtained using step 3.2, obtains the time sampling
The energy coefficient C (i) of point,
The weighted average frequency determined by the energy coefficient and step 3.1 of the time sampling point, constructs the time sampling
The attenuation of seismic wave factor Q (i) of point
Wherein, b is constant, and value is 1 herein；
3.4 repeat the above steps 3.1-3.3, obtain work area earthquake poststack pure wave data per determining together in step 2.1
The attenuation of seismic wave factor of each time sampling point within the scope of analysis time, obtains work area attenuation of seismic wave factor data body, Fig. 6
For the sectional view for crossing p138-7 well seismic attenuation factor data body obtained by above-mentioned steps, the purpose met is bored in p138-7 well
Interval more clearly presents oil-gas accumulation position, takes off with drilling well there are the apparent high off-note of the seismic attenuation factor
Show that oil-gas Layer and this area's oil-gas reservoir feature relatively meet, shows that the seismic attenuation factor can preferably reflect oil-gas Layer；
The work area attenuation of seismic wave factor data body that 3.5 pairs of above-mentioned steps 3.4 obtain divides according to the size of its numerical value
Advantageous oily target area in analysis, identification work area.It is respectively to obtain the seismic attenuation factor using above-mentioned steps shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8
The plan view that data volume is obtained along Es3z2 and Es3z3 layers.The part A irised out in Fig. 7 by dotted line is to be detected using this method
It is examined by above-mentioned table 1 it is found that p138-2 well is at Es3z2 layers the oil reservoir of 4.3m thickness in this method Es3z2 layers of favorable petroliferous area
Within the Es3z2 layer favorable petroliferous area of survey, and p138-3 well does not have oil reservoir at Es3z2 layers, the Es3z2 layer in this method detection
Except favorable petroliferous area, the layer favorable petroliferous area Es3z2 of this method detection is bored with p138-2 well, p138-3 well meets oil reservoir situation phase
Meet.The part B irised out in Fig. 8 by dotted line is the Es3z3 layer favorable petroliferous area detected using this method, by above-mentioned table 1 it is found that
P138-2 well has the oil reservoir of 4.9m thickness at Es3z3 layers, and p138-3 well has the oil reservoir of 12.7m thickness at Es3z3 layers, p138-2 well and
Within the Es3z3 layer favorable petroliferous area that p138-3 well is detected all in this method, the Es3z3 layer favorable petroliferous area of this method detection
Chance oil reservoir situation is bored with p138-2 well, p138-3 well to be consistent.The testing result in the work area is bored chance oil reservoir situation with drilling well and is met
Preferably, it was demonstrated that the reliability and validity of this method.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method for carrying out oil and gas detection using post-stack seismic data, it is characterized in that the following steps are included:
(1) data preparation: obtain that the earthquake overlap pure wave data in work area, the coordinate of each well location and each well interval of interest contain in work area
The target zone top of oil-gas Layer thickness and explanation, bottom time data；
(2) seismic data time range to be analyzed and sliding window length are determined；
(3) energy coefficient is extracted to work area earthquake poststack pure wave data, constructs the attenuation of seismic wave factor, obtain decay factor data
Body:
For each seismic channel of earthquake poststack pure wave data, to per a period of time within the scope of determining analysis time in step (2)
Between sampled point in step (2) determine sliding window length do short-time Fourier transform, obtain the frequency of the time sampling point
Spectrum determines the low frequency end and front end of weighted average frequency and effective band；It is with the weighted average frequency that above-mentioned steps determine
The frequency spectrum of the time sampling point is divided into two parts of low frequency and high frequency by separation, and the low frequency part frequency spectrum is anti-with frequency
It sums to the form of weighting, obtains the low frequency part energy of frequency spectrum；The high frequency section of frequency spectrum is summed, the radio-frequency head of frequency spectrum is obtained
Divide energy；
The ratio of the low frequency part energy and high frequency section energy that are obtained using above-mentioned steps, obtains the energy of the time sampling point
Coefficient, and the weighted average frequency determined by the energy coefficient of the time sampling point and above-mentioned steps, construct the time sampling
The attenuation of seismic wave factor of point；
(4) repeat the above steps (3), obtains work area earthquake poststack pure wave data per one and determines analysis time model in step (2)
The attenuation of seismic wave factor for enclosing interior each time sampling point, obtains work area attenuation of seismic wave factor data body, according to work area earthquake
The size of wave attenuation factor data body numerical value, analysis identify advantageous oily target area in work area；
Energy coefficient is extracted to work area earthquake poststack pure wave data, constructs the attenuation of seismic wave factor, obtains decay factor data volume,
The following steps are included:
(3.1) it is directed to each seismic channel of earthquake poststack pure wave data, each time is adopted within determining analysis time
Sampling point does short-time Fourier transform with determining sliding window length, obtains the frequency spectrum A (i, f) of the time sampling point, wherein
I is the serial number of time sampling point, and f is the serial number of stepped-frequency signal, has been determined by 1/20 of peak swing in A (i, f) for lower limit
Imitate the low frequency end f of frequency bandLWith front end fH, it is weighted and averaged frequency fwIt determines by the following method
(3.2) using the weighted average frequency determined in above-mentioned steps (3.1) as separation, the frequency spectrum of the time sampling point is divided
For two parts of low frequency and high frequency, the low frequency part of frequency spectrum is summed in the form that frequency reversely weights, obtains the low frequency of frequency spectrum
Portion of energy EL
The high frequency section of frequency spectrum is summed, the high frequency section ENERGY E of frequency spectrum is obtainedH
(3.3) ratio of the low frequency part energy and high frequency section energy obtained using step (3.2), obtains the time sampling point
Energy coefficient C (i),
The weighted average frequency determined by the energy coefficient and above-mentioned steps (3.1) of the time sampling point, constructing the time adopts
The attenuation of seismic wave factor Q (i) of sampling point
Wherein, b is constant, and value is 1 herein；
(3.4) repeat the above steps (3.1)-(3.3), obtains work area earthquake poststack pure wave data per together in analysis time range
The attenuation of seismic wave factor of interior each time sampling point, obtains work area attenuation of seismic wave factor data body；
(3.5) the work area attenuation of seismic wave factor data body that above-mentioned steps (3.4) are obtained, according to the size of its numerical value, analyze,
Identify advantageous oily target area in work area.
2. a kind of method for carrying out oil and gas detection using post-stack seismic data according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step
(2) determination sliding window length the following steps are included:
(2.1) seismic trace near well x (i) is extracted in work area earthquake poststack pure wave data according to well location coordinate, i is is extracted by well
The serial number of seismic channel time sampling point；
(2.2) with different sliding window length, when each using the interval of interest of fourier transform method acquisition seismic channel x (i)
Between sampled point frequency spectrum A (i, f), i.e.,
A (i, f) < -- > FFT (x'(i))
Wherein, i is the serial number of time sampling point, and f is the serial number of stepped-frequency signal, x'(i) it is seismic channel x (i) plus hamming window
As a result, i.e.
The expression formula of hamming window is
Wherein, j is the time sampling point serial number of hamming window function, and N is the number of samples of sliding window length, and π is pi；
(2.3) different time window lengths are analyzed to frequency domain amplitude spectrum form and its to the ability of oil-gas Layer reflection, when determining sliding
Window length.
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| CN109669212B (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2020-12-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Seismic data processing method, stratum quality factor estimation method and device |
| CN110308483A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-10-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Reflection coefficient solving method and device based on multitask Bayes compressed sensing |
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| CN114428297A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Depth domain wave number attribute extraction method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| US11762116B2 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2023-09-19 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | System and method of hydrocarbon detection using nonlinear model frequency slope |
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