CN106814393B - A kind of evaluation method of stratum quality factor q - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of evaluation methods of stratum quality factor q, this method application enhancements generalized S-transform first carries out time frequency analysis to seismic data, then the instantaneous energy of seismic data is calculated using Teager-Kaiser energy operator, finally utilize the thinking of time-frequency instantaneous energy decaying in per wavelength, estimate the stratum Q value on stratum, which can realize reservoir high-precision forecast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technologies to belong to oil-gas exploration reservoir prediction field, more particularly to estimating for stratum quality factor q
Calculation method.
Background technique
The quality factor q on stratum is the one of the important signs that for indicating stratum oil-gas possibility.Therefore, accurately seek the product on stratum
Prime factor is always that Geophysicist endeavours the target pursued.So far, there is the side of a variety of estimation absorption parameters
Method.Such as the simulation of amplitude damped method, analytic signal method, wavelet, phase simulation, pulse amplitude, frequency spectrum simulation and Frequency spectrum ratio etc..
These methods are all built upon on a series of hypothesis, very high to the quality requirements of seismic data, are expanded by seismic wave geometry
The influence of the disturbing factors such as scattered, reflection, transmission is smaller big, thus adaptability and stability want poor.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a kind of stability and stratum quality with high accuracy
The evaluation method of factor Q.
Technical thought of the invention is: application enhancements generalized S-transform carries out time frequency analysis to seismic data first, then answers
The instantaneous energy of seismic data is calculated with Teager-Kaiser energy operator, finally utilizes time-frequency instantaneous energy in per wavelength
The thinking of decaying estimates the stratum Q value on stratum, realizes reservoir high-precision forecast.
One of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows.
A kind of evaluation method of stratum quality factor q, includes the following steps:
Step 1: obtaining one of seismic data, time frequency analysis is carried out to the road seismic data with generalized S-transform is improved；
The discrete expression for improving generalized S-transform is as follows:
Wherein, GGST indicates to improve generalized S-transform, and τ represents the time, enables f → j/NT, t → kT and τ → nT, then improves wide
Adopted S-transformation discrete type can be abbreviated are as follows: GGSTN[n, j], j indicate discrete frequency sampling point, and k and n represent discrete time sampling point, N table
Show total frequency number of samples, T indicates the time cycle；
Step 2: calculating the instantaneous energy of the road seismic data；
Step 3: the thinking to be decayed using time-frequency instantaneous energy in per wavelength estimates each discrete time of road seismic data
Stratum quality factor q at sampled point.
The technical program is suitable for using single-channel seismic data.The data comparison individual well data can be used, is explained strong in data
Amplitude anomaly and guides production practices.
Further, in step 1, the window function for improving generalized S-transform are as follows:
Wherein t, f respectively represent time and frequency, and p and λ indicate adjustment parameter；The time width of window function is with frequency f
Increase and reduce.
Further, in step 2, the instantaneous energy of seismic data is calculated using Teager-Kaiser energy operator；It is non-thread
Property secondary TK operator (Teager-Kaiser energy operator) be originally using carrying out energometry in speech signal processing,
It contains amplitude and frequency information in exporting.Itself structure is simple, effective, and can track the instantaneous change of signal well
Change.The time-frequency instantaneous energy of seismic data is calculated using Teager-Kaiser energy operator.
Kaiser proves that energy of the discrete-time signal at t=n Δ t can indicate are as follows:
Wherein: m is the quality of object, and ρ is the density of object, and n is the serial number of discrete-time sample, xn,xn+1And xn-1
Sampling of the discrete-time signal at n point, n+1 point and n-1 point, n=1,2 ..., Nn are represented, Nn is total number of samples；
W is circular frequency, AnIt is amplitude of the sampled signal at n point；If m is regarded as object continuous density by we
Approximation is concentrated, then formula (3) and the energy balane formula of seismic wave are consistent；Therefore, earthquake is calculated using formula (3)
The Teager-Kaiser energy of signal, i.e. seismic wave instantaneous energy；
Discrete seismic signal time-frequency energy balane formula is as follows:
En,j=[GGSTN(n,j)]2-[GGST(n+1,j)]·[GGSTN(n-1,j)] (4)；
Wherein, En,jFor the time-frequency energy of discrete seismic signal；
Teager-Kaiser energy corresponding to seismic wave instantaneous energy, that is, maximum instantaneous frequency, is calculated by following formula:
Further, in step 3, it is using the method for seismic wave instantaneous energy decaying estimation stratum quality factor q: utilizes
The thinking of time-frequency energy transient attenuation obtains the estimation formula of stratum quality factor q, specific to estimate that formula is as follows:
Quality factor is the dimensionless group in physics and engineering, is the physical quantity for indicating oscillator damping property.Stratum
Quality factor is the important parameter for describing rock elasticity, and the one of the important signs that of instruction stratum oil-gas possibility, can describe to be situated between
The absorption and scattering of confrontation seismic energy commonly use quality factor q and its inverse 1/Q to measure.Quality factor and porosity are without bright
Aobvious relationship, and reduce as the increase of permeability shows apparent logarithm.Using formula (6) calculate the road seismic data respectively from
Dissipate the stratum Q value at time sampling point；
Wherein, Q is the energy relative attenuation in unit wavelength, i.e. interval quality factors；1/Q is falling for quality factor
Number is absorption coefficient；E0And EnIt is the seismic wave instantaneous energy at reference point energy and n point respectively；
Serial number of the n for discrete-time sample, n=1,2 ..., Nn, Nn indicate total number of samples.
Another technical solution of the invention is as follows.
A kind of evaluation method of stratum quality factor q, includes the following steps:
Step 1: obtaining formation seismic data volume, formation seismic data volume includes multichannel seismic data；
Step 2: one of seismic data is chosen from formation seismic data volume, with improvement generalized S-transform to the road earthquake number
According to progress time frequency analysis；
The discrete expression for improving generalized S-transform is as follows:
Wherein, GGST indicates to improve generalized S-transform, and τ represents the time, enables f → j/NT, t → kT and τ → nT, then improves wide
Adopted S-transformation discrete type can be abbreviated are as follows: GGSTN[n, j], j indicate discrete frequency sampling point, and k and n represent discrete time sampling point, N table
Show total frequency number of samples, T indicates the time cycle；
Step 3: calculating the instantaneous energy of the road seismic data；
Step 4: the thinking to be decayed using time-frequency instantaneous energy in per wavelength estimates each discrete time of road seismic data
Stratum quality factor q at sampled point；
Step 5: from Step 2 to Step 4 is repeated, until until roads all in formation seismic data, seismic data is all selected,
The stratum Q value at each discrete-time sample by calculating each road seismic data by road is simultaneously summarized, and is obtained
The stratum quality factor q of entire geologic body.
Further, in step 2, the window function for improving generalized S-transform are as follows:
Wherein t, f respectively represent time and frequency, and p and λ indicate adjustment parameter；The time width of window function is with frequency f
Increase and reduce.
Further, in step 3, the instantaneous energy of seismic data is calculated using Teager-Kaiser energy operator；
Kaiser proves that energy of the discrete-time signal at t=n Δ t can indicate are as follows:
Wherein: m is the quality of object, and ρ is the density of object, and n is the serial number of discrete-time sample, xn,xn+1And xn-1
Sampling of the discrete-time signal at n point, n+1 point and n-1 point, n=1,2 ..., Nn are represented, Nn is total number of samples；
W is circular frequency, AnIt is amplitude of the sampled signal at n point；If m is regarded as object continuous density by we
Approximation is concentrated, then formula (3) and the energy balane formula of seismic wave are consistent；Therefore, earthquake is calculated using formula (3)
The Teager-Kaiser energy of signal, i.e. seismic wave instantaneous energy；
Discrete seismic signal time-frequency energy balane formula is as follows:
En,j=[GGSTN(n,j)]2-[GGST(n+1,j)]·[GGSTN(n-1,j)] (4)；
Wherein, En,jFor the time-frequency energy of discrete seismic signal；
Teager-Kaiser energy corresponding to seismic wave instantaneous energy, that is, maximum instantaneous frequency, is calculated by following formula:
Further, in step 4, it is using the method for seismic wave instantaneous energy decaying estimation stratum quality factor q: utilizes
The thinking of time-frequency energy transient attenuation obtains the estimation formula of stratum quality factor q, specific to estimate that formula is as follows:
The stratum Q value at each discrete-time sample of road seismic data is calculated using formula (6)；
Wherein, Q is the energy relative attenuation in unit wavelength, i.e. interval quality factors；E0And EnIt is reference point energy respectively
Seismic wave instantaneous energy at amount and n point；
Serial number of the n for discrete-time sample, n=1,2 ..., Nn, Nn indicate total number of samples.Formula (6) is by seismic wave
The qualitative characterization of amplitude energy attribute and reservoir links together.Since formula (6) can calculate at each road seismic data n point
Q value, therefore, the Q value on stratum can be obtained until entire 3D data volume by calculating the Q value at n point by road using this formula.It answers
The Q value on stratum is calculated with this formula, so that it may realize Efficient Characterization and the prediction of oil and gas reservoir.
The basic conception that the present invention is calculated by Q value inspires, and estimates stratum quality factor q using energy attenuation, by when frequency division
Analysis technology is combined with Teager instantaneous energy, improves the precision and stability of algorithm, realizes energy properties and reservoir table
The qualitative link of sign, can effectively suppress strong shock preparation feature caused by non-reservoir, efficiently differentiate oil, water layer, accurately
The applicability of method has been expanded in the position of locating hydrocarbon reservoir.The present invention is by Time-Frequency Technology and Teager-Kaiser energy operator
It combines, is sufficiently used the high-resolution of Time-Frequency Technology and the strong energy accumulating of Teager-Kaiser energy operator, has
The stability and instantaneity for improving to effect the estimation of Q value, can more accurately detect the strong vibration being buried in wide-band seismic data
Width is abnormal, improves the precision of reservoir prediction and the scope of application of method.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is this using the original earthquake data figure in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is based on RMS amplitude energy balane 1/Q value.
Fig. 3 is the 1/Q value that the time-frequency Teager-Kaiser energy arithmetic based on the method for the present invention calculates.
Specific embodiment
In the following, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment 1.A kind of evaluation method of stratum quality factor q, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: obtaining one of seismic data, time frequency analysis is carried out to the road seismic data with generalized S-transform is improved；
The discrete expression for improving generalized S-transform is as follows:
Wherein, GGST indicates to improve generalized S-transform, and τ represents the time, enables f → j/NT, t → kT and τ → nT, then improves wide
Adopted S-transformation discrete type can be abbreviated are as follows: GGSTN[n, j], j indicate discrete frequency sampling point, and k and n represent discrete time sampling point, N table
Show total frequency number of samples, T indicates the time cycle；
Step 2: calculating the instantaneous energy of the road seismic data；
Step 3: the thinking to be decayed using time-frequency instantaneous energy in per wavelength estimates each discrete time of road seismic data
Stratum quality factor q at sampled point.
In step 1, the window function for improving generalized S-transform are as follows:
Wherein t, f respectively represent time and frequency, and p and λ indicate adjustment parameter；The time width of window function is with frequency f
Increase and reduce.
In step 2, the instantaneous energy of seismic data is calculated using Teager-Kaiser energy operator；
Kaiser proves that energy of the discrete-time signal at t=n Δ t can indicate are as follows:
Wherein: m is the quality of object, and ρ is the density of object, and n is the serial number of discrete-time sample, xn,xn+1And xn-1
Sampling of the discrete-time signal at n point, n+1 point and n-1 point, n=1,2 ..., Nn are represented, Nn is total number of samples；
W is circular frequency, AnIt is amplitude of the sampled signal at n point；If m is regarded as object continuous density by we
Approximation is concentrated, then formula (3) and the energy balane formula of seismic wave are consistent；Therefore, earthquake is calculated using formula (3)
The Teager-Kaiser energy of signal, i.e. seismic wave instantaneous energy；
Discrete seismic signal time-frequency energy balane formula is as follows:
En,j=[GGSTN(n,j)]2-[GGST(n+1,j)]·[GGSTN(n-1,j)] (4)；
Wherein, En,jFor the time-frequency energy of discrete seismic signal；
Teager-Kaiser energy corresponding to seismic wave instantaneous energy, that is, maximum instantaneous frequency, is calculated by following formula:
In step 3, it is using the method for seismic wave instantaneous energy decaying estimation stratum quality factor q: utilizes time-frequency energy
The thinking of transient attenuation is measured, the estimation formula of stratum quality factor q is obtained, specific to estimate that formula is as follows:
The stratum Q value at each discrete-time sample of road seismic data is calculated using formula (6)；
Wherein, Q is the energy relative attenuation in unit wavelength, i.e. interval quality factors；The 1/Q on formula (6) left side is
The inverse of quality factor is absorption coefficient；E0And EnIt is the seismic wave instantaneous energy at reference point energy and n point respectively；
Serial number of the n for discrete-time sample, n=1,2 ..., Nn, Nn indicate total number of samples.
Embodiment 2.A kind of stratum quality factor q extracting method.Application enhancements generalized S-transform carries out seismic data first
Then time frequency analysis calculates the instantaneous energy of seismic data using Teager-Kaiser energy operator, finally utilize per wavelength
The thinking of interior time-frequency instantaneous energy decaying, estimates the Q value on stratum, realizes reservoir high-precision forecast.
Specific technical solution is as follows.
(1) estimation of seismic channel time-frequency instantaneous energy
Application enhancements generalized S-transform calculates the time-frequency spectrum of each road seismic data, and mainly generalized S-transform overcomes S change
The shortcomings that window function changed is changed with the trend of fixing with frequency, cannot be adjusted according to actual needs and with it is relatively high when
Frequency resolution capability.The window function of the improvement generalized S-transform used herein are as follows:
Wherein t, f respectively represent time and frequency, and p and λ indicate adjustment parameter.
The time width of window function reduces with the increase of frequency f.Improve the following institute of discrete expression of generalized S-transform
Show:
Wherein, GGST indicates to improve generalized S-transform, and τ represents the time, enables f → j/NT, t → kT and τ → nT, then improves wide
Adopted S-transformation discrete type can be abbreviated are as follows: GGSTN[n, j], j indicate discrete frequency sampling point, and k and n represent discrete time sampling point, N table
Show total frequency number of samples, T indicates the time cycle.
Kaiser proves that energy of the discrete-time signal at t=n Δ t can indicate are as follows:
Here m is the quality of object, and ρ is the density of object, xn,xn+1And xn-1Discrete-time signal is represented in n point, n+1
Sampling at point and n-1 point, w is circular frequency, AnIt is amplitude of the sampled signal at n point.If m is regarded as object by we
The concentration of continuous density is approximate, then equation (3) and the energy balane formula of seismic wave are consistent.Therefore, we utilize public affairs
The Teager-Kaiser energy of formula (3) calculating seismic signal, it may be assumed that seismic wave instantaneous energy, and equation (3) is for simple signal
Strictly set up.Therefore, research combines time-frequency analysis technology with Teager-Kaiser energy operator, calculates seismic wave
Time-frequency instantaneous energy, the time-frequency distributions feature of spread seismic wave energy.Discrete seismic signal time-frequency energy balane formula is as follows:
En,j=[GGSTN(n,j)]2-[GGST(n+1,j)]·[GGSTN(n-1,j)] (4)
Wherein, En,jFor the time-frequency energy of discrete seismic signal.
Teager-Kaiser energy corresponding to seismic wave instantaneous energy, that is, maximum instantaneous frequency, is calculated by following formula:
(2) instantaneous energy decaying estimation stratum quality factor q is utilized
Using the thinking of time-frequency energy transient attenuation, the estimation formula of stratum quality factor q is obtained:
Wherein, Q is the energy relative attenuation (λ=ν T) in unit wavelength, and 1/Q is the inverse of quality factor q, to absorb
Coefficient, E0And EnIt is the instantaneous energy of seismic wave at reference point energy and n (n=1,2 ..., Nn, Nn are total number of samples) point respectively
Amount.Formula (6) links together the qualitative characterization of seismic amplitude energy properties and reservoir.Formula (6) can calculate each
Q value at road n point.The Q value at n point is calculated by road using this formula, until entire 3D data volume, can obtain the Q on stratum
Value, the Q value on stratum is calculated using this formula, so that it may realize Efficient Characterization and the prediction of oil and gas reservoir.
Test example.It has been carried out using seismic data of this method to triumph regional field of razor clam island block based on time-frequency instantaneous energy
Attenuation parameter extracts, and obtains preferable effect.Fig. 1 is original earthquake data, and black line indicates A1 well and A2 well position,
Middle A1 well is oil-producing well, and A2 well is well, and this is at two all shown as strong shock preparation in Fig. 1.Fig. 2 is to be shaken based on root mean square
The 1/Q value of width energy balane shows some Q abnormal positions in figure, and the oil reservoir position Q value where A1 well is smaller, out
Now obvious abnormal, the water layer Q value where A2 well is bigger, and abnormal phenomenon is weaker, but is non-reservoir position (such as dotted ellipse institute
Position in circle) Q value is also relatively low, and it is suitable with the Q value of oil-bearing layer position, cause the trap of reservoir prediction and fluid identification.
Fig. 3 is the 1/Q value calculated based on time-frequency energy arithmetic, and the gas-bearing formation position Q value in figure is relatively low, and water layer Q value is relatively high, and
The energy of non-reservoir position is suppressed extremely.Comparison diagram 3 is as can be seen that proposed in this paper be based on time-frequency domain energy balane Q
The method of value can preferably distinguish oil, water layer.Examine the applicability of the accuracy of method, stability and method.
The basic conception that the present embodiment is calculated by Q value inspires, and stratum quality factor q is estimated using energy attenuation, by time-frequency
Analytical technology is combined with Teager instantaneous energy, is improved the precision and stability of algorithm, is realized energy properties and reservoir
The qualitative link of characterization, can effectively suppress strong shock preparation feature caused by non-reservoir, efficiently differentiate oil, water layer, quasi-
The applicability of method has been expanded in the position for determining position oil and gas reservoir.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of evaluation method of stratum quality factor q, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: obtaining formation seismic data volume, formation seismic data volume includes multichannel seismic data；
Step 2: one of seismic data is chosen from formation seismic data volume, with improvement generalized S-transform to the road seismic data cube
Carry out time frequency analysis；
The discrete expression for improving generalized S-transform is as follows:
Wherein, GGST indicates to improve generalized S-transform, and τ represents the time, enables f → j/NT, t → kT and τ → nT, then improves broad sense S change
The discrete expression changed can be abbreviated are as follows: GGSTN[n, j], j indicate discrete frequency sampling point, and k and n represent discrete time sampling point
Serial number, N indicate total frequency number of samples, and T indicates the time cycle, and f indicates frequency, and t indicates the arbitrary point time, and h (t) indicates any
Time signal, λ and p are window function adjustment parameters, and i is an imaginary unit；
Step 3: calculating the instantaneous energy of the road seismic data cube；
Step 4: the thinking to be decayed using time-frequency instantaneous energy in per wavelength estimates each discrete time sample of the road seismic data cube
Stratum quality factor q at point；
Step 5: repeating from Step 2 to Step 4, until seismic data is all selected until roads all in formation seismic data volume, lead to
The road Guo Zhu calculates the stratum Q value at each discrete time sampling point of each road seismic data and is summarized, and obtains entire
The stratum quality factor q of geologic body.
2. a kind of evaluation method of stratum quality factor q as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 2, the window function for improving generalized S-transform are as follows:
Wherein t, f respectively represent arbitrary point time and frequency, and p and λ indicate adjustment parameter；The time width of window function is with frequency
The increase of f and reduce.
3. a kind of evaluation method of stratum quality factor q as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 3, the instantaneous energy of seismic data is calculated using Teager-Kaiser energy operator；
Kaiser proves that energy of the discrete-time signal at t=n Δ t can indicate are as follows:
Wherein: m is the quality of object, and n is the serial number of discrete time sampling point, xn,xn+1And xn-1Discrete-time signal is represented in n point,
Sampling at n+1 point and n-1 point, n=1,2 ..., Nn, Nn are total number of samples；
W is circular frequency, AnIt is amplitude of the sampled signal at n point；If we regard m as the concentration of object continuous density
Approximation, then formula (3) and the energy balane formula of seismic wave are consistent；Therefore, seismic signal is calculated using formula (3)
Teager-Kaiser energy, i.e. seismic wave instantaneous energy；
Discrete seismic signal time-frequency energy balane formula is as follows:
En,j=[GGSTN(n,j)]2-[GGST(n+1,j)]·[GGSTN(n-1,j)] (4)；
Wherein, En,jFor the time-frequency energy of discrete seismic signal；
Teager-Kaiser energy corresponding to seismic wave instantaneous energy, that is, maximum instantaneous frequency, is calculated by following formula:
4. a kind of evaluation method of stratum quality factor q as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step 4, it is using the method for seismic wave instantaneous energy decaying estimation stratum quality factor q: utilizes time-frequency energy wink
When the thinking that decays, obtain the estimation formula of stratum quality factor q, it is specific to estimate that formula is as follows:
The stratum Q value at each discrete time sampling point of the road seismic data is calculated using formula (6)；
Wherein, Q is the energy relative attenuation in unit wavelength, i.e. interval quality factors；E0And EnBe respectively reference point energy and
Seismic wave instantaneous energy at n point；Serial number of the n for discrete time sampling point, n=1,2 ..., Nn, Nn indicate total number of samples.
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| CN109239774B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-12-27 | 同济大学 | Seismic signal Q value estimation method based on non-Gaussian maximization |
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