CN106405639B - A kind of inversion method of pre-stack seismic reservoir lithology parameter - Google Patents
A kind of inversion method of pre-stack seismic reservoir lithology parameter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to earthquake oil-gas explorations, development field, provide a kind of inversion method of pre-stack seismic reservoir lithology parameter comprising earthquake graded impedance reservoir lithology parametric inversion can be developed with predicting reservoir.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to earthquake oil-gas exploration, development field, in particular to a kind of inverting side of pre-stack seismic rock parameter
Method.
Background technique
AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset, amplitude with offset distance variation) technology for study seismic reflection shake
Width inquires into reflection coefficient response with big gun with the distance between shot point and wave detector are the variation characteristic of geophone offset (or incidence angle)
The variation away from (or incidence angle) is examined, and then determines and is covered on reflecting interface, the lithologic character transitivity parameter for the medium that underlies.Oil gas is surveyed
The rock properties of oil-gas reservoir reservoir can preferably be assessed by AVO technology by visiting development technique personnel.
Compared with poststack earthquake oil-bearing information, since pre-stack seismic amplitude contains formation lithology abundant and oil gas letter
Breath, by many researcher's researches of technique, recent decades AVO technology is rapidly developed.In the seismic wave side Zoeppritz
On the basis of journey, the approximate expression of the easy AVO of many applications is developed, such as Aki and Rechards (1980), Shuey
(1985), Bortfeid (1987), Mallick (1993) approximate expression etc., have greatly pushed the application of AVO technology.But
It is, along with the influence of seismic wavelet resolution ratio, to be made since the factor for influencing physical properties of rock (such as speed, pool river in Jiangsu Province which flows into the Huangpu River of Shanghai ratio) variation is more
At AVO reservoir prediction technique, there are multi-solutions.In order to improve the description precision of reservoir, although having developed the various folded of well shake constraint
Preceding reservoir parameter inversion technology, but application conditions are harsh, it is very high to calculate cost, using being restricted.Easy, effective application
AVO prestack seismic attributes carry out lithology and hydrocarbon detection technology needs further research and development.
Although there are many prestack AVO property parameters, they are different to the sensibility of reservoir lithology and oil-gas possibility,
The most commonly used is the expression formulas of Shuey, i.e. AVO intercept P and gradient G attribute in AVO attributive analysis.Intercept P indicates reflecting interface
The response of the P wave impedance variation of two sides, and slope G indicates amplitude with the change rate of incidence angle (or geophone offset), it is rock stratum bullet
The concentrated expression of property parameter, contains the shear wave velocity of reflecting interface two sides, the information of velocity of longitudinal wave and variable density, is lithology
The sensitive parameter of identification.
However, above-mentioned AVO technology is there are the precision of seismic recognition lithology is low, the high problem of the risk of oil-gas exploration and development.
Therefore, it is necessary to improve for the technology, to improve the precision of seismic recognition lithology, the wind of oil-gas exploration and development is reduced
Danger.
Summary of the invention
The seismic strata longitudinal wave reflection coefficients R (θ) that is widely used in actual production scientific research at present is the AVO bis- of Shuey
Item approximate expression：R (θ)=P+Gsin2θ, wherein θ is the incidence angle of P wave, and P is the intercept attribute of seismic AVO, and G is earthquake
The gradient attribute of AVO.
It is p-wave impedance AI=V that the present invention, which corresponds to reservoir lithology parameter for AVO intercept attribute P,P(wherein, AI indicates vertical to ρ
The sound impedance of wave, VpIt is the velocity of longitudinal wave of reservoir, ρ is the density of reservoir), and propose the reservoir rock of corresponding gradient G attribute
The inversion technique of property parameter gradients impedance, the earthquake graded impedance of reservoir is AVO technology and prestack elastic parameter inversion technology
It inherits and develops, the precision of seismic recognition lithology can be improved, reduce the risk of oil-gas exploration and development.
Therefore, one of present invention provides a kind of inversion method of pre-stack seismic reservoir lithology parameter comprising earthquake ladder
Spend the parametric inversion of impedance reservoir lithology.
In a specific embodiment, the earthquake graded impedance reservoir lithology parametric inversion is the construction letter of graded impedance
Number, and including S wave (shear wave) speed, the information of P wave (longitudinal wave) speed and density of reservoir in the graded impedance function.
In a specific embodiment, the constructed fuction is GI=Vp·Vs -8k·ρ-4k, wherein GI is graded impedance,
VpIt is the p wave interval velocity of reservoir, VsIt is the S wave velocity of reservoir, ρ is the density of reservoir, and
In a specific embodiment, standard is carried out to the graded impedance GI according to the codomain of the sound impedance of reservoir
Change.The purpose is to make the graded impedance of reservoir and P wave impedance codomain having the same.
In a specific embodiment, for statistical analysis to the Lithology Discrimination of the graded impedance of well reservoir, then to institute
The graded impedance for stating well reservoir carries out spectrum analysis, according to the prestack of reservoir near the frequency spectrum and well of the graded impedance of well reservoir
The frequency spectrum weighted average for shaking gradient attribute data, seeks the frequency spectrum of convolution operator O, and the frequency spectrum of convolution operator O is made to have well reservoir
The neighbouring pre-stack seismic gradient of reservoir of the low-frequency information of graded impedance, high-frequency information and well primary spectrum information；Then again
The convolution operator O acquired is applied to the seismic channel of the gradient data body of prestack seismic attributes, it is available by formula Z=O*S
The graded impedance of prestack seismic attributes；Wherein, Z indicates the impedance of reservoir lithology parameter gradients, and O indicates that convolution operator, * are convolution calculation
Subsymbol, S indicate the seismic channel of prestack seismic attributes gradient data body.
Wherein, low-frequency information refers to seismic energy of the gross energy lower than the low-frequency component of seismic wave gross energy 10%.Earthquake
Low frequency is also a relative concept, and the low-frequency component of different seismic data cubes is different.
High-frequency information refers to seismic energy of the gross energy lower than the radio-frequency component of seismic wave gross energy 10%.Earthquake high frequency
It is a relative concept, the radio-frequency component of different seismic data cubes is different.
The primary spectrum information of the pre-stack seismic gradient of reservoir refers to using earthquake dominant frequency as the ground in the frequency band of center near well
Shake the seismic frequency ingredient that energy is greater than 80% earthquake gross energy.Earthquake dominant frequency therein refers to the frequency spectrum in Seismic spectral analysis
Analyze crest frequency corresponding to curve maximum.
The two of the present invention provide a kind of method as described above in the developmental application of predicting reservoir.
The three of the present invention provide a kind of method developed using method predicting reservoir as described above comprising following step
Suddenly：
(1) V of well reservoir is measuredp、VsAnd ρ, then according to the V of measurementp、VsWell reservoir graded impedance is constructed with ρ
GI curve, wherein VpIt is the p wave interval velocity of reservoir, VsIt is the S wave velocity of reservoir, ρ is the density of reservoir, and GI is graded impedance；
(2) the Lithology Discrimination sensitivity analysis of graded impedance GI is carried out for well reservoir；
(3) amplitude-frequency cross analysis of the graded impedance data of well reservoir in log-domain；
(4) the relational expression L=F of fitting graded impedance spectrum and frequencyα, wherein L indicates the graded impedance spectrum of well reservoir, F table
Show frequency, α is the attenuation coefficient that graded impedance changes about variable frequency F；
(5) use in conjunction well reservoir graded impedance composes the frequency spectrum of the pre-stack seismic gradient attribute data of reservoir near L and well
Weighted average calculates the frequency spectrum of convolution operator O as the average frequency spectrum of reservoir graded impedance；
(6) frequency spectrum for the convolution operator O for acquiring (5) carries out -90 ° of phase shifts, and the inverting for ultimately forming a time-domain is calculated
Then sub- O ' carries out the body convolution operation of earthquake gradient and obtains graded impedance inverting；
(7) on the basis of well shake calibration and layer position are explained, the plane of the graded impedance root-mean-square value of reservoir interlayer is sought
Distribution map develops Favorable Areas according to the lithologic character predicting reservoir of reservoir.
Wherein, the L in step (5) and above-mentioned O the difference is that：The frequency spectrum of convolution operator O has the low frequency and height of L
Frequency information, while remaining effective bandwidth of earthquake gradient and primary spectrum information that earthquake gradient includes.
In a specific embodiment of predicting reservoir development, GI=Vp·Vs -8k·ρ-4k, and and
In a specific embodiment of predicting reservoir development, near the well reservoir graded impedance spectrum L and well in step (6)
The frequency spectrum of seismic reservoir gradient attribute is obtained using Fourier transformation.
A kind of inversion method of pre-stack seismic reservoir lithology parameter proposed by the present invention, is that well reservoir lithology is information constrained
Pre-stack seismic gradient attribute opens up wide algorithm, by well reservoir lithology information and earthquake gradient attribute effective integration, constructs one
The parameter that kind has reservoir lithology instruction sensitive, improves the precision of seismic recognition reservoir lithology.It is few that the technology is related to parameter, meter
It is at low cost, using simplicity, it can preferably identify sand body, it is preferable, the effective oil gas field of AVO technology suitable for earthquake quality
Exploration and development.
The technical method tentatively in certain marine oil field development of West Africa, discovery because it optimizes oilfield development program,
Good application effect thus can be obtained, obtains good economic benefit, such as increases and can adopt 5,500,000 barrels of crude oil, is produced
Raw economic benefit has great application prospect up to more than 3,500,000,000 RMB.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the graded impedance curve of certain oil field S well reservoir, well logging gamma curve, (grey is sand to P ingrated seismic trace
Rock).Wherein, Fig. 1-A is graded impedance curve (GI curve)；Fig. 1-B is well logging gamma curve；Fig. 1-C is P ingrated seismic trace
(AI curve).
Fig. 2 is the P wave impedance of certain oil field S well, (heavy black is sandstone to graded impedance lithology statistic histogram, and thin black line is
Mud stone).Fig. 2-A is the lithology statistic histogram of P wave impedance；Fig. 2-B is the lithology statistic histogram of graded impedance.
Fig. 3 is the log-domain spectrum analysis of the graded impedance of certain oil field S well reservoir.
Fig. 4 is the spectrum signature (right figure) of the convolution operator time response feature (left figure) and convolution operator that acquire.
Fig. 5 was the earthquake reflection section of well (well logging gamma curve) (white indicates that low value, black indicate high level).
Fig. 6 be acquire it is corresponding with Fig. 5 cross well (well logging gamma curve) graded impedance lithological profile (white indicates sandstone,
Black indicates mud stone).
Fig. 7 is the sand body flat distribution map that target is acquired according to seismic amplitude (white indicates sand body development area).
Fig. 8 is the sand body flat distribution map that target is acquired according to graded impedance body (white indicates sand body development area).
Specific embodiment
In order to illustrate more clearly of technology implementation steps scheme of the invention, below with reference to concrete application situation, and with attached
Diagram form is briefly described.In case of no particular description, the method used in the present invention is the skill of this field routine
Art method includes international standard, state's calibration method, the method preferably used in national standard, particularly preferably in international standard
The method of use.
Embodiment
Example overview：After 3-D seismics are implemented in certain oil field of West Africa sea, rock physics basic research shows P-wave impedance
Sand shale cannot be efficiently differentiated.Then on the basis of the analysis of the reservoir elastic parameter of well, prestack AVO attribute lithology is carried out
Identification and hydrocarbon detection research.Study area's area 200km2, depth of water 1200-1500m, reservoir buried depth 2200-3200m, mainly
Target series of strata are the third system Oligocene series turbidite sandstone that deep-marine-environment is formed, and main extending direction is in nearly north-south.According to research
Target improves the needs of sandstone precision of prediction, has carried out the research and application of the relevant technologies, is embodied as follows：
(1) the P ingrated seismic trace and graded impedance GI curve of key well reservoir are constructed, wherein the building of P ingrated seismic trace
Belong to the routine techniques of those skilled in the art.GI=Vp·Vs -8k·ρ-4k, GI is graded impedance, VpIt is the p wave interval velocity of reservoir,
VsIt is the S wave velocity of reservoir, ρ is the density of reservoir, andSuch as Fig. 1.
(2) the rock physics elastic parameter lithology of key well reservoir is statisticallyd analyze, determines the effective of graded impedance parameter
Property such as Fig. 2.
(3) according to the log-domain spectrum analysis of the graded impedance curve of key well reservoir, the frequency spectrum for being fitted graded impedance is bent
Line relationship L=Fα, wherein L indicates that the graded impedance of reservoir, F indicate frequency, and α is what graded impedance changed about variable frequency F
Attenuation coefficient.Such as Fig. 3.
(4) according to the seismic channel frequency spectrum of reservoir near the graded impedance frequency spectrum L and well of key well reservoir, convolution operator is calculated
The frequency spectrum of O.
(5) use in conjunction well reservoir graded impedance composes the frequency spectrum of the pre-stack seismic gradient attribute data of reservoir near L and well
Weighted average, as the average frequency spectrum of reservoir graded impedance, calculates the convolution operator O of time-domain, such as Fig. 4.
(6) frequency spectrum of the convolution operator O acquired carries out -90 ° of phase shifts, ultimately forms the inversion operator O ' an of time-domain,
Then graded impedance body is obtained with earthquake gradient body convolution operation.The convolution operator O that will be acquired is applied to prestack seismic attributes
Gradient data body seismic channel, the Lithology Discrimination body of graded impedance can be obtained.Fig. 6 was that the graded impedance lithology of well is cutd open
Face.
(7) on the basis of well shake calibration and layer position are explained, the plane of the graded impedance root-mean-square value of reservoir interlayer is sought
Distribution map develops Favorable Areas according to the lithologic character predicting reservoir of reservoir.That is, extract the graded impedance body of destination layer
Amplitude root mean square flat distribution map determines sandstone reservoir Favorable Areas, such as Fig. 8 according to reservoir lithology feature.
For goal in research, Fig. 1 illustrates the graded impedance curve of oil field S well reservoir, well logging gamma curve (is used as storage
The lithology calibration of layer), P ingrated seismic trace response characteristic, grey indicates sandstone in figure, known by the comparison of Fig. 1-A, 1-B, 1-C,
Fig. 1-A graded impedance, 1-B gamma curve have good correlation, and the P wave impedance correlation of Fig. 1-B gamma curve, 1-C are poor,
Illustrate the validity of the graded impedance identification lithology of reservoir；Fig. 2 is the rock parameter statistical analysis comparison diagram for reservoir, slightly
Line indicates that mud stone, filament indicate sandstone, research shows that P wave impedance cannot effectively distinguish lithology, and graded impedance parameter improves rock
Property recognition capability, can efficiently differentiate sand shale；The reservoir graded impedance log-domain frequency spectrum point that Fig. 3 is oil field key well S
Analysis, low, high-frequency component with reservoir, low frequency can sufficiently make up the low-frequency information of seismic data missing.Fig. 4 is basis
The convolution operator that the lithological information of well reservoir and the spectrum information of earthquake acquire.Fig. 5 was earthquake reflection section (the white table of well
Show that low value, black indicate high level), reservoir sandstone development area only not can determine that according to amplitude reflection magnitude；Fig. 6 is that corresponding diagram 5 is anti-
The graded impedance lithological profile (white indicates that sandstone development, black indicate mud stone development) drilled, wherein well curve is well logging
Gamma curve, the lithology as calibration reservoir；It is bright to be clear that the ability of earthquake graded impedance identification sandstone has from Fig. 6
Aobvious raising.Fig. 7 is the sand body flat distribution map (white indicates sand body) that target is acquired according to seismic amplitude, and sand body is in nearly north and south
To feature spread, Fig. 8 is the sand body flat distribution map (white indicates sand body) that target is acquired according to inverting graded impedance data volume,
Compared with Fig. 7, especially the north in work area, the resolution ratio of the lithologic sand body of pre-stack seismic rock parameter identification are more clear, more
Add the deposition rule for meeting geologic body.The development plan that oil field is optimized according to research achievement, reduces the risk of oil and gas development,
Achieve good economic benefit.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of inversion method of pre-stack seismic reservoir lithology parameter comprising earthquake graded impedance reservoir lithology parametric inversion；
It is for statistical analysis to the Lithology Discrimination of the graded impedance of well reservoir, frequency spectrum point then is carried out to the graded impedance of the well reservoir
Analysis weights flat according to the frequency spectrum of the pre-stack seismic gradient attribute data of reservoir near the frequency spectrum and well of the graded impedance of well reservoir
, the frequency spectrum for seeking convolution operator O makes the frequency spectrum of convolution operator O have the low-frequency information of the graded impedance of well reservoir, high frequency letter
The primary spectrum information of the pre-stack seismic gradient of reservoir near breath and well；The convolution operator O acquired is then applied to prestack again
The seismic channel of the gradient data body of seismic properties, the graded impedance of prestack seismic attributes can be obtained by formula Z=O*S；
Wherein, Z indicates the impedance of reservoir lithology parameter gradients, and O indicates that convolution operator, * are convolution operator symbol, and S is with indicating prestack
Shake the seismic channel of property gradient data volume.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the earthquake graded impedance reservoir lithology parametric inversion is ladder
The constructed fuction of impedance is spent, and includes S wave velocity, p wave interval velocity and the density of reservoir in the constructed fuction of the graded impedance
Information.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the constructed fuction is GI=Vp·Vs -8k·ρ-4k,
Wherein, GI is graded impedance, VpIt is the p wave interval velocity of reservoir, VsIt is the S wave velocity of reservoir, ρ is the density of reservoir, and
4. according to method described in claim 3 any one, which is characterized in that the codomain of the sound impedance according to reservoir is to institute
Graded impedance GI is stated to be standardized.
5. a kind of method as described in claim 1-4 any one is in the developmental application of predicting reservoir.
6. a kind of method of predicting reservoir development comprising following steps：
(1) V of well reservoir is measuredp、VsAnd ρ, then according to the V of measurementp、VsIt is bent with ρ building well reservoir graded impedance GI
Line, wherein VpIt is the p wave interval velocity of reservoir, VsIt is the S wave velocity of reservoir, ρ is the density of reservoir, and GI is graded impedance；
(2) the Lithology Discrimination sensitivity analysis of graded impedance GI is carried out for well reservoir；
(3) amplitude-frequency cross analysis of the graded impedance data of well reservoir in log-domain；
(4) the relational expression L=F of fitting graded impedance spectrum and frequencyα, wherein L indicates the graded impedance spectrum of well reservoir, and F indicates frequency
Rate, α are the attenuation coefficient that graded impedance changes about variable frequency F；
(5) use in conjunction well reservoir graded impedance composes the frequency spectrum weighted average of seismic reservoir gradient attribute near L and well, as storage
The average frequency spectrum of layer graded impedance, the frequency spectrum as convolution operator O；
(6) frequency spectrum for the convolution operator O for acquiring (5) carries out -90 ° of phase shifts, ultimately forms the inversion operator O ' an of time-domain,
Then graded impedance body is obtained with earthquake gradient body convolution operation；
(7) on the basis of well shake calibration and layer position are explained, the plane distribution of the graded impedance root-mean-square value of reservoir interlayer is sought
Figure develops Favorable Areas according to the lithologic character predicting reservoir of reservoir.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, GI=Vp·Vs -8k·ρ-4k, and and
8. method according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that well reservoir graded impedance spectrum L and well in step (6)
The frequency spectrum of neighbouring seismic reservoir gradient attribute is obtained using Fourier transformation.
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| CN108680955B (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-09-17 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of Lithology Identification Methods and identifying system |
| CN109001800B (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-03-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Time-frequency decomposition and gas reservoir detection method and system based on seismic data |
| CN110261906B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-06-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Multi-parameter lithologic information fusion reservoir prediction method |
| CN113311483B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2024-04-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Pre-stack elastic parameter combination inversion method and system based on shale oil |
| CN112213780B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-11-09 | 同济大学 | Reservoir parameter inversion method considering elastic impedance second-order gradient |
| CN112782760B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-07-29 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Method for dissecting braided river reservoir structure by using discontinuous boundaries of seismic reservoir |
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