CN103197347A - Oil gas absorption and analysis predicting method based on self-adaptation time window - Google Patents

Oil gas absorption and analysis predicting method based on self-adaptation time window Download PDF

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CN103197347A
CN103197347A CN2013100540857A CN201310054085A CN103197347A CN 103197347 A CN103197347 A CN 103197347A CN 2013100540857 A CN2013100540857 A CN 2013100540857A CN 201310054085 A CN201310054085 A CN 201310054085A CN 103197347 A CN103197347 A CN 103197347A
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absorption
frequency
self
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adaptation
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CN103197347B (en
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张显文
李维新
姚振兴
赵伟
李绪宣
胡光义
范廷恩
桑淑云
朱振宇
王建花
印海燕
王清振
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China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
CNOOC Research Institute Co Ltd
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CNOOC Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to an oil gas absorption and analysis predicting method based on a self-adaptation time window. The method is based on the low frequency seismic reflection feature of oil gas, utilizes instantaneous frequency to gain the self-adaptation time window of a target layer, and combines generalized S transformation and transient wavelet absorption analysis technology to conduct oil gas prediction. The method comprises the steps of selecting the target layer to conduct spectral analysis, confirming technology parameters adopted by an absorption analysis method, calculating the self-adaptation time window, and conducting the generalized S transformation temporal frequency analysis on the selected target layer path by path; utilizing the transient wavelet absorption analysis oil gas prediction technology to calculate the fluid attenuation factor Qf and the gas attenuation factor Qg of the target layer; finally, removing background absorption, and utilizing well absorption abnormal value of a known well oil gas layer to demarcate the section of the gained Qf and the section of the gained Qg so as to quantificationally predict potential oil gas. Compared with fixed time window technology, the oil gas absorption and analysis predicting method can more sufficiently reflect the absorption feature of the oil gas, reduces oil gas prediction multiplicity of solutions, and is more remarkable in oil gas prediction effect for medium amplitude type oil gas reservoirs and weak amplitude type oil gas reservoirs.

Description

A kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction method of window during based on self-adaptation
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of petroleum-gas prediction method of utilizing the formation absorption characteristic to analyze, particularly about a kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction method of window during based on self-adaptation.
Background technology
From the petrophysics angle, absorption is the same with parameters such as speed and density, has characterized the basic physical property of rock.Development and the application of geophysics petroleum-gas prediction technology show that the formation absorption characteristic is one of efficiency index of identification reservoir and hydrocarbon-bearing pool.Petroleum-gas prediction technology based on the formation absorption signature analysis can or not have and utilize earthquake information to carry out petroleum-gas prediction under the well situation at few well, have its distinctive technical advantage than other petroleum-gas prediction technology, as Yinggehai Basin ground rock gas forecasting techniques, basin, fine jade southeast rock gas forecasting techniques and Liaodong Wan lithologic gas reservoirs forecasting techniques etc. all with the formation absorption characteristic as one of identification oil gas information effective marker.
Both at home and abroad to the research of attenuation by absorption, mainly also being based on fixedly, window length carries out the absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction at present.As Mitchell(Mitchell J.T., Derzhi N.T., Lichman, E.T., Energy absorption analysis:A case study, SEG66-th Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts 1996:1785-1788) has proposed the method that energy absorption is analyzed, the timesharing window carries out spectrum analysis to seismologic record, carries out petroleum-gas prediction by the ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS of high band and low-frequency range frequency component rate of decay.Lichman (LichmanE, Goloshubin G.Unified approach to gas and fluid detection on instantaneous seismic wavelets[G] .SEG73th Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 2003:1699-1702) the petroleum-gas prediction technology of instantaneous wavelet absorption analysis has been proposed, the timesharing window carries out spectrum analysis to seismologic record, instantaneous wavelet when extracting by the intermediary heat spectral technology in the window is carried out the absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction.(Jiang Li such as Li, Yang Shaoguo, Zhao Mingjin, et al., Frequency-dependent seismic attributes and their application for hydrocarbon detection.80th Annual International Meeting, SEG Expanded Abstracts 2010:1566-1569) adopts wavelet transformation, utilizes the energy absorption analytical approach to carry out the absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction.Above-mentioned absorption analysis technology and relevant commercial application software all are based on fixedly window length and realize, these technology only are applicable to the strong amplitude of the 3rd class " bright spot " type hydrocarbon-bearing pool (Zhang Yiming in actual applications, Li Xuxuan, Fu Liyun. instantaneous wavelet absorption analysis The Application of Technology---detecting with the CHINESE OFFSHORE rock gas is example. petroleum exploration, 2009,48 (4): 368-376), and for the hydrocarbon-bearing pool of medium tenacity type or weak amplitude type hydrocarbon-bearing pool, these methods exist stronger multi-solution, and its effect has been subjected to certain restriction.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction method of window during based on self-adaptation, this method can reduce the multi-solution of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction technology, expand absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction The Application of Technology field, the geology applicability of its technology is generalized to the hydrocarbon-bearing pool of medium tenacity amplitude type by the hydrocarbon-bearing pool of strong amplitude " bright spot " type, so weak amplitude type hydrocarbon-bearing pool.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction method of window during based on self-adaptation, it may further comprise the steps: 1) selecting to comprise the seismic data for the treatment of petroleum-gas prediction target reservoir geological data, described geological data is through the poststack pure wave geological data after guarantor's width of cloth, the guarantor's frequency processing; 2) choose the geological data time range in the seismic data that step 1) is selected, as the seismologic record for the treatment of absorption analysis, this seismologic record will comprise the geological data scope of target reservoir at least; 3) seismologic record is carried out spectrum analysis, determine the low cut-off frequency F of effective band limits 1With high cut-off frequency F 2, and β when setting energy attenuation rate α that time frequency analysis uses and energy delay; 4) calculate the instantaneous frequency of seismologic record data volume, and window when asking for corresponding self-adaptation accordingly; 5) seismologic record is carried out the time domain interpolation by the road; 6) seismologic record after the interpolation is carried out the generalized S-transform time frequency analysis by the road, each time-sampling point is calculated corresponding decay factor according to separately self-adaptation window length; 7) seismologic record after the interpolation is removed the background absorption value by the road, obtain to absorb abnormal profile; 8) the absorption exceptional value of utilizing the fixed well hydrocarbon zone is to absorbing the demarcation that abnormal profile absorbs exceptional value: show that actual conditions conform to the absorption analysis result if demarcate, just predict potential hydrocarbon quantitatively; Otherwise, return step 3), adjust low cut-off frequency F 1With high cut-off frequency F 2, and the value of β when energy attenuation rate α and energy delay, carry out absorption analysis again.
Above-mentioned steps 6) comprise following little step:
1. choose the trace record Trace (i) in the seismologic record after the interpolation, i=1～N Trace, carry out generalized S-transform calculate this trace record time-frequency spectrum TF_Spectrum (t, f);
2. choose a time-sampling point j in this trace record, j=1～NT, wherein, NT is sampled point number in this trace record, with the instantaneous point spectrum TF_Spectrum (t of the time-frequency spectrum that obtains behind the generalized S-transform j, f) as the frequency spectrum F_Spectrum (f) of this time-sampling point;
3. utilize the intermediary heat spectral technology to calculate the instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) of this time-sampling point;
4. calculate the dominant frequency f of the instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) of this time-sampling point 0
5. to instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) at low-frequency range scope F 1～f 0In carry out
Figure BDA00002843542900021
The attenuating fluid factor Q of this time-sampling point is calculated in match f(j);
6. to instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) at high band range f 0～F 2In carry out
Figure BDA00002843542900022
The gas attenuation factor Q of this time-sampling point is calculated in match g(j);
7. check the time-sampling point that whether does not calculate decay factor in this trace record in addition:
If return step 2.;
Otherwise, enter step 8.;
8. check the record that whether does not carry out absorption analysis in the seismologic record after the interpolation in addition:
If return step 1.;
Otherwise, enter step 7).
Above-mentioned steps 7) in, the decay factor that step 6) obtains is carried out the second-order polynomial curve match by the road, obtain the background absorption value of per pass record, each decay factor is deducted the background absorption value of oneself, thereby be absorbed abnormal profile.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in, ask for the instantaneous frequency ω (t) of seismologic record S (t) by following equation, the length A TW of window when getting its inverse multiplication by constants Coeff obtaining self-adaptation again:
ω(t)＝[λ 2Ι+S(D-λ 2Ι)] -1Sn
ATW = Coeff ω ( t )
In the following formula, n=S (t) H'(t)-S'(t) H (t), wherein H (t) is the Hilbert transform of seismologic record S (t), H'(t) and S'(t) be the derivative of H (t) and S (t), D is by S 2(t)+H 2(t) diagonal operator of Gou Chenging, S are level and smooth shaping operator, λ be D mould square, the quick convergence of control inverting iteration, Ι is identity operator.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in, calculate the instantaneous frequency ω (t) of seismologic record S (t) by Hilbert transform, the length A TW of window when getting its inverse multiplication by constants Coeff obtaining self-adaptation again:
ω ( t ) = S ( t ) H ′ ( t ) - S ′ ( t ) H ( t ) S 2 ( t ) + H 2 ( t )
ATW = Coeff ω ( t )
In the following formula, H (t) is the Hilbert transform of seismologic record S (t), H'(t) and S'(t) be the derivative of H (t) and S (t).
Above-mentioned steps 3) in when energy attenuation rate α and energy delay the β span be respectively 0.1～1 and 0～1.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: window setting technique when 1, the present invention introduces self-adaptation, when calculating the attenuation by absorption value of each sampled point, window length can carry out the self-adaptation adjustment based on instantaneous frequency, therefore with existing based on fixedly the time absorption approach of window setting technique compare, can utilize the low frequency Seismic reflection character of oil gas more fully, reduce the petroleum-gas prediction multi-solution, especially for middle amplitude type hydrocarbon-bearing pool and even weak amplitude type hydrocarbon-bearing pool, the petroleum-gas prediction effect is more obvious.2, the present invention adopts the time-frequency spectrum of generalized S-transform time frequency analysis technique computes per pass seismologic record, generalized S-transform is a kind of Multi-scale Time-Frequency Analysis technology, time frequency resolution is relevant with frequency, can overcome the fixing deficiency of basic transformation function form of S conversion, more conventional time frequency analysis technology can obtain higher time frequency resolution.3, the present invention adopts the attenuation by absorption value of instantaneous each sampled point of wavelet absorption analysis technique computes, the instantaneous wavelet of seismologic record in the window when extracting based on the intermediary heat spectral technology, compare with the absorption analysis technology based on seismologic record of routine, weakened the influence of reflection coefficient to the stratum absorption analysis, reduce the petroleum-gas prediction multi-solution, have better petroleum-gas prediction effect.The present invention is applicable to prediction strong amplitude " bright spot " type hydrocarbon-bearing pool and the hydrocarbon-bearing pool of medium tenacity amplitude type, and even weak amplitude type hydrocarbon-bearing pool, and especially for the hydrocarbon-bearing pool of medium tenacity amplitude type, effect is better.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is workflow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the seismologic record of embodiment of the invention target reservoir;
Fig. 3 is the spectrum analysis of embodiment of the invention target reservoir;
Fig. 4 is the instantaneous frequency of embodiment of the invention target reservoir seismologic record;
Window when Fig. 5 is the self-adaptation of embodiment of the invention target reservoir seismologic record;
Fig. 6 is the instantaneous wavelet absorption analysis of the generalized S-transform of window petroleum-gas prediction technology Q when the present invention is based on self-adaptation gResult map;
Fig. 7 is the instantaneous wavelet absorption analysis of conventional business software petroleum-gas prediction technology Q gResult map;
Fig. 8 is the another kind of embodiment of workflow of the present invention.
Embodiment
By technique scheme as can be known, core content of the present invention has 3 points: window setting technique during self-adaptation, and generalized S-transform time frequency analysis technology and instantaneous wavelet absorption analysis technology, its specific implementation principle is as follows:
1. window setting technique during self-adaptation
Because the limiting resolution of seismic data determines that by half instantaneous wavelength of each time-sampling point therefore when carrying out absorption analysis, the window length of selection should be more than or equal to limiting resolution.Conventional absorption analysis technology adopt fixedly window length to each road earthquake record with the time window step-length pointwise carry out absorption analysis, but because hydrocarbon-bearing formation is usually expressed as the Seismic reflection character of low frequency at seismologic record, its instantaneous wavelength is bigger, therefore for the fixedly window length technology of conventional absorption analysis technology, will certainly cause the multi-solution of absorption analysis technology petroleum-gas prediction, the application of restriction absorption analysis technology petroleum-gas prediction.
The present invention considers the low frequency Seismic reflection character of hydrocarbon-bearing formation, before calculating absorption coefficient, at first calculate instantaneous frequency ω (the t) (Taner of seismologic record S (t), M.T., F.Koehler, and R.E.Sheriff.Complex seismic trace analysis, Geophysics, 1979,44:1041-1063):
ω ( t ) = S ( t ) H ′ ( t ) - S ′ ( t ) H ( t ) S 2 ( t ) + H 2 ( t ) - - - ( 1 )
In the following formula, H (t) is the Hilbert transform of seismologic record S (t), H'(t) and S'(t) be the derivative of H (t) and S (t), τ is intermediate variable.Instantaneous frequency is got inverse obtains instantaneous wavelength, the length A TW of window when multiplication by constants Coeff obtains self-adaptation again:
ATW = Coeff ω ( t ) - - - ( 2 )
Because the algorithm of above-mentioned conventional instantaneous frequency is subjected to The noise easily, and be easy to generate insignificant numerical value, as negative value, (White, R.E.Properties of instantaneous seismic attributes, The Leading Edge, 1991,10:26 – 32), therefore the present invention is more prone to adopt (the Sergey Fomel.Local seismic attributes of Fomel proposition, Geophysics, 2007,73 (3): A29-A33) the instantaneous frequency algorithm of realizing based on the regularization inverting calculates instantaneous frequency:
ω(t)=[λ 2Ι+S(D-λ 2Ι)] -1Sn （3）
In the following formula, n represents the molecule in the equation (1), D is the diagonal operator that is made of the denominator in the equation (1), S is level and smooth shaping operator, window when choosing Gauss usually, λ be D mould square, the quick convergence of control inverting iteration, Ι is identity operator, and this algorithm has good stability and noise immunity by regularization Inversion Calculation seismologic record instantaneous frequency.And then with its substitution equation (2) window when obtaining corresponding self-adaptation.
The introducing of window setting technique links together the calculating of absorption analysis and the oily Seismic reflection character on stratum during above-mentioned self-adaptation, when making based on self-adaptation the absorption analysis technology of window conventional fixedly the time window setting technique more can reflect the absorption feature of oil gas, especially to medium amplitude type hydrocarbon-bearing pool and even weak amplitude type hydrocarbon-bearing pool, effect is more remarkable, has reduced the multi-solution of absorption analysis technology petroleum-gas prediction effectively.
Window setting technique is suitable for other time frequency analysis technology equally during self-adaptation, and as time frequency analysis technology such as Short Time Fourier Transform, wavelet transformation, S conversion, but generalized S-transform time frequency analysis technology has better time frequency resolution.Window setting technique equally also is suitable for other absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction technology during self-adaptation, and as the absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction technology based on seismologic record, but instantaneous wavelet absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction technology has better petroleum-gas prediction effect.
2. generalized S-transform time frequency analysis technology
The S conversion of propositions such as Stockwell is to be the extension of the continuous wavelet transform of basic small echo with the Morlet small echo, compare with Time-Frequency Analysis Method such as continuous wavelet transform, Fourier conversion in short-term, the S conversion has its unique advantage, as: the resolution of the time-frequency spectrum of signal S conversion is relevant with frequency (yardstick), and keep directly contacting with its Fourier spectrum, and basic small echo needn't satisfy the admissibility condition.Because the basic transformation function form in the S conversion is fixed, so the present invention has adopted (Gao Jinghuai, Chen Wenchao such as Gao Jinghuai, Li Youming etc., generalized S-transform and thin interbed seismic response analysis, Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2003,46(4): the 526-532) generalized S-transform of Ti Chuing:
S ( τ , f ) = ∫ - ∞ ∞ S ( t ) g f ( t - τ ) exp ( - i 2 π f c ft ) dt - - - ( 4 )
In the following formula, f is frequency, f cBe the video frequency of basic small echo, g f(t) be defined as:
In the following formula, A is the amplitude of basic small echo, and it is the function of time t in the present invention, the seismic reflection energy when putting its value for self-adaptation for each time-sampling in the window, and α is the energy attenuation rate, β is the energy delay time.
As shown in Equation (4), the value of β has determined the time frequency resolution of generalized S-transform when energy attenuation rate α and energy delay, and then determines the temporal resolution of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction.The span of suggestion α is that the span of 0.1～1, β is 0～1 among the present invention.Wherein, α is, and the time frequency resolution influence is bigger, and α is more big, and frequency resolution is more high, and the temporal resolution of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction is more low, and vice versa.Parameter beta is less to the frequency resolution influence, and the more big frequency resolution of β is more high, the temporal resolution of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction is more low.
3. instantaneous wavelet absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction technology
Because the absorption feature on stratum only exerts an influence to seismic wavelet, reflection coefficient does not comprise the information of seismic energy decay, and seismologic record is the convolution of wavelet and reflection coefficient, therefore, the conventional absorption analysis technology based on seismologic record of instantaneous wavelet absorption analysis technology has better petroleum-gas prediction effect, has weakened the influence of reflection coefficient to the stratum absorption analysis.Instantaneous wavelet absorption analysis technology mainly comprises following technology contents:
(1) instantaneous wavelet is asked for
The present invention finishes asking for of instantaneous wavelet by the intermediary heat spectral technology, has for seismologic record S (t):
S ^ ( t ) = IFT [ log ( | FT ( S ( t ) | ) ] - - - ( 6 )
In the following formula,
Figure BDA00002843542900063
Be the intermediary heat spectrum of seismologic record S (t), FT is the conversion of Fu's formula, and IFT is the conversion of anti-Fu's formula.
Be the convolution of wavelet and reflection coefficient for time domain seismologic record S (t), at the intermediary heat spectral domain, wavelet is near initial point (smoothness infinity), and reflection coefficient and random noise are near the edge (zero smoothness) away from initial point, therefore, can extract the instantaneous wavelet of seismologic record by mode isolated wavelet and the reflection coefficient of " low-pass filtering " at the intermediary heat spectral domain.
(2) the wavelet energy absorption is analyzed
When seismic event during at underground propagation, along with the increase of propagation distance, energy is decayed continuously, can cause the abnormal rate of seismic wave energy decay when the oily of stratum.The seismic wave energy decay is made up of fluid and gas energy loss two parts, and the wavelet amplitude maximum amplitude is corresponding with minimal energy losses, i.e. dominant frequency f 0Place's seismic reflection energy loss minimum.Wherein, the energy loss of seismic reflection low-frequency range is mainly caused by formation pore fluid, and the energy attenuation of high band is mainly caused by formation pore gas.
For target reservoir, before carrying out absorption analysis, at first carry out spectrum analysis, to determine the effective frequency range of geological data, obtain the low cut-off frequency F in effective band limits 1With high cut-off frequency F 2Again to the spectral amplitude of instantaneous wavelet at low-frequency range F 1～f 0Scope is carried out
Figure BDA00002843542900071
Match, Fluid Computation decay factor Q f, to high band f 0～F 2The wavelet amplitude of band limits is carried out
Figure BDA00002843542900072
The gas attenuation factor Q is calculated in match g
(3) interpolation technique
The influence of the sampled point quantity that the stability of spectrum analysis algorithm can be calculated.According to sampling thheorem, minimum time resolution is subject to half instantaneous wavelength, and minimum frequency resolution depends on maximum window length.It is 8-80ms that the scale of typical oil-containing or gas-bearing reservoir needs window length, and such window length comprises less number of samples, carry out conventional FFT and can produce unsettled result, so the present invention need carry out interpolation before seismologic record is carried out time frequency analysis.
Constant in order to guarantee the frequency component before and after the seismologic record interpolation, reach the nyquist frequency of expectation by the frequency field zero-adding to realize the time domain interpolation, this interpolation algorithm can increase the quantity of whole road earthquake record sampled point and not change frequency component.In addition, decompose in order to realize instantaneous spectrum, make the effective band scope have enough frequency sampling points, also need to carry out the frequency field interpolation, similarly, realize the frequency field interpolation by the time domain zero padding.
(4) background absorption is eliminated
Ripple is when underground propagation, and wavelet can be learned character and changes continuously along with formation rock, the attenuating fluid factor Q that obtains by instantaneous wavelet absorption analysis technology fWith gas decay factor Q gNot the indicator of fluid and gas, but reflected the relative variation of formation absorption feature.Therefore, at first need to utilize the low order polynomial curve fitting to determine the background absorption value on stratum, then with each decay factor Q fAnd Q gThe subtracting background absorption value obtains the decay pattern of anomaly that produced by the existence of gas in the formation pore or fluid, absorbs exceptional value in conjunction with the oil gas of logging trace and demarcates, and carries out the quantitative interpretation of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction.
Below on the south sea region block seismic data be embodiment, by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in detail:
1) selection comprises the seismic data of the target reservoir geological data for the treatment of petroleum-gas prediction:
Wherein, the geological data requirement is through the poststack pure wave geological data after guarantor's width of cloth, the guarantor's frequency processing.
2) choose the geological data time range in the seismic data that step 1) is selected, as the seismologic record for the treatment of absorption analysis, this seismologic record will comprise the geological data scope of target reservoir at least.
The selected seismologic record scope of present embodiment is CDP-1280～1850, Time-1.2～2.4s.
3) seismologic record is carried out spectrum analysis, determine the low cut-off frequency F of effective band limits 1With high cut-off frequency F 2, and time frequency analysis parameters such as energy attenuation rate α and energy delay time β.
As Fig. 2～shown in Figure 3, by spectrum analysis as can be known, effective band limits of present embodiment seismologic record is 12～70Hz, therefore low cut-off frequency F 1Can be made as 12Hz, high cut-off frequency F 2Can be made as 70Hz.Energy attenuation rate α is made as 0.2, and the energy delay time, β was made as 1.
4) calculate the instantaneous frequency of seismologic record data volume, and window (as Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5) when asking for corresponding self-adaptation accordingly.
5) seismologic record is carried out the time domain interpolation by the road.
In the present embodiment, seismologic record is interpolated to the time-sampling rate of 1ms by the time-sampling rate of 2ms, to increase the stability of time frequency analysis algorithm.
6) seismologic record after the interpolation is carried out the generalized S-transform time frequency analysis by the road, each time-sampling point is calculated corresponding decay factor according to separately self-adaptation window length, concrete steps are as follows:
1. choose the trace record Trace (i) in the seismologic record after the interpolation, i=1～N Trace, carry out generalized S-transform calculate this trace record time-frequency spectrum TF_Spectrum (t, f);
2. choose a time-sampling point j in this trace record, j=1～NT, wherein, NT is sampled point number in this trace record, with the instantaneous point spectrum TF_Spectrum (t of the time-frequency spectrum that obtains behind the generalized S-transform j, f) as the frequency spectrum F_Spectrum (f) of this time-sampling point;
3. utilize the intermediary heat spectral technology to calculate the instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) of this time-sampling point;
4. calculate the dominant frequency f of the instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) of this time-sampling point 0
5. to instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) at low-frequency range scope F 1～f 0In carry out
Figure BDA00002843542900081
The attenuating fluid factor Q of this time-sampling point is calculated in match f(j);
6. to instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) at high band range f 0～F 2In carry out The gas attenuation factor Q of this time-sampling point is calculated in match g(j);
7. check the time-sampling point that whether does not calculate decay factor in this trace record in addition:
If return step 2.;
Otherwise, enter step 8.;
8. check the record that whether does not carry out absorption analysis in the seismologic record after the interpolation in addition:
If return step 1.;
Otherwise, enter step 7);
7) seismologic record after the interpolation is removed the background absorption value by the road, obtain to absorb abnormal profile.
To the attenuating fluid factor Q that obtains by step 6) f(j, i), i=1～N Trace, j=1～NT and gas decay factor Q g(j, i), i=1～N Trace, j=1～NT carries out the second-order polynomial curve match by the road, obtains the background absorption value of per pass record, and each decay factor is deducted oneself background absorption value, obtains because of the caused absorption abnormal profile of stratum oily.
8) the absorption exceptional value at the hydrocarbon zone place of the actual well logging brill of utilization chance absorbs the demarcation of exceptional value to the absorption abnormal profile of step 7) acquisition:
Show that actual conditions conform to the absorption analysis result if demarcate, enter step 9);
Otherwise, return step 3), adjust low cut-off frequency F 1With high cut-off frequency F 2, and the value of β when energy attenuation rate α and energy delay, carry out absorption analysis again;
9) absorb the quantitative test of exceptional value, the prediction potential hydrocarbon.
Because present embodiment is gas-bearing reservoir, so an analytical procedure 7) the middle gas attenuation factor Q that obtains g(j, i), the gas-bearing formation layer position of logging trace and explanation in the throwing demarcated according to the absorption exceptional value that the gas-bearing formation layer position of well logging interpretation located.As shown in Figure 6, the absorption exceptional value of doing layer is very little, maximal value is 8, the absorption exceptional value of water layer also a little less than, maximal value is 32, the absorption exceptional value of gas-bearing formation is the strongest, maximal value is 460, even the difference gas-bearing formation absorbs exceptional value and also reaches 60, therefore, aboveground brill is met gas-bearing formation and the strong exceptional value result coupling that absorbs, thereby can further predict three potentiality reservoirs (part shown in the circle among Fig. 6) with the absorption exceptional value of the aboveground gas-bearing formation calibration value as petroleum-gas prediction, their absorption exceptional value is respectively 510,420,480.
As shown in Figure 7, the gas absorption abnormal profile that utilizes conventional business software computational analysis to obtain.Because the algorithm of conventional business software is based on fixedly window length technology, for the hydrocarbon-bearing pool of medium tenacity type or weak amplitude type hydrocarbon-bearing pool, algorithm easily produces multi-solution.As can be seen from the figure: two gas-bearing formations of P-3 well shallow-layer are because the seismic reflection energy is stronger, and conventional absorption analysis technology can access strong absorption feature, absorbs feature by force and conforms to actual gas bearing condition; And for two water layers of P-2 well shallow-layer, in absorption profile, show as strong absorption feature, this and actual water layer should show as the weak feature that absorbs and not be inconsistent, and its reason is that water layer seismic reflection energy is stronger, and conventional absorption analysis technology is subjected to the influence of earthquake strong reflection to produce wrong strong absorption feature; For the gas-bearing formation of P-2 well and P-3 well depth portion and difference gas-bearing formation and since the seismic reflection energy a little less than, the absorption exceptional value that the absorption analysis technology obtains a little less than, the absorption exceptional value of poor gas-bearing formation particularly, this and gas-bearing formation should show as strong absorption feature and not be inconsistent.
Therefore, conventional business software fixedly the time window setting technique carry out petroleum-gas prediction and have stronger multi-solution, especially for the hydrocarbon-bearing pool of medium tenacity type or weak amplitude type hydrocarbon-bearing pool, and window setting technique during the self-adaptation that the present invention proposes, the oily Seismic reflection character on the calculating of absorption analysis and stratum set up contacted, when making based on self-adaptation the absorption analysis technology of window conventional fixedly the time window setting technique more can reflect the absorption feature of oil gas, especially at medium amplitude type hydrocarbon-bearing pool and even weak amplitude type hydrocarbon-bearing pool, effect is more obvious, has reduced the multi-solution of absorption analysis technology petroleum-gas prediction effectively.
Above-described embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention, and wherein the order of each step can be adjusted to some extent.As shown in Figure 8, the time domain interpolation both can have been finished the interpolation of all records once before seismologic record is carried out generalized S-transform by the road, also can be undertaken by the road, namely before a trace record carries out generalized S-transform this trace record was carried out the time domain interpolation.In like manner, remove background absorption and also can be undertaken by the road, namely after the decay factor of interior all the time-sampling points of every acquisition one trace record, this trace record is removed background absorption.To every equivalents and improvement of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. the absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction method of a window during based on self-adaptation, it may further comprise the steps:
1) select to comprise the seismic data for the treatment of petroleum-gas prediction target reservoir geological data, described geological data is through the poststack pure wave geological data after guarantor's width of cloth, the guarantor's frequency processing;
2) choose the geological data time range in the seismic data that step 1) is selected, as the seismologic record for the treatment of absorption analysis, this seismologic record will comprise the geological data scope of target reservoir at least;
3) seismologic record is carried out spectrum analysis, determine the low cut-off frequency F of effective band limits 1With high cut-off frequency F 2, and β when setting energy attenuation rate α that time frequency analysis uses and energy delay;
4) calculate the instantaneous frequency of seismologic record data volume, and window when asking for corresponding self-adaptation accordingly;
5) seismologic record is carried out the time domain interpolation by the road;
6) seismologic record after the interpolation is carried out the generalized S-transform time frequency analysis by the road, each time-sampling point is calculated corresponding decay factor according to separately self-adaptation window length;
7) seismologic record after the interpolation is removed the background absorption value by the road, obtain to absorb abnormal profile;
8) the absorption exceptional value of utilizing the fixed well hydrocarbon zone is to absorbing the demarcation that abnormal profile absorbs exceptional value:
Show that actual conditions conform to the absorption analysis result if demarcate, just predict potential hydrocarbon quantitatively;
Otherwise, return step 3), adjust low cut-off frequency F 1With high cut-off frequency F 2, and the value of β when energy attenuation rate α and energy delay, carry out absorption analysis again.
2. a kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction method of window during based on self-adaptation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described step 6) comprises following little step:
1. choose the trace record Trace (i) in the seismologic record after the interpolation, i=1～N Trace, carry out generalized S-transform calculate this trace record time-frequency spectrum TF_Spectrum (t, f);
2. choose a time-sampling point j in this trace record, j=1～NT, wherein, NT is sampled point number in this trace record, with the instantaneous point spectrum TF_Spectrum (t of the time-frequency spectrum that obtains behind the generalized S-transform j, f) as the frequency spectrum F_Spectrum (f) of this time-sampling point;
3. utilize the intermediary heat spectral technology to calculate the instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) of this time-sampling point;
4. calculate the dominant frequency f of the instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) of this time-sampling point 0
5. to instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) at low-frequency range scope F 1～f 0In carry out
Figure FDA00002843542800011
The attenuating fluid factor Q of this time-sampling point is calculated in match f(j);
6. to instantaneous wavelet amplitude IW_FSpectrum (f) at high band range f 0～F 2In carry out
Figure FDA00002843542800012
The gas attenuation factor Q of this time-sampling point is calculated in match g(j);
7. check the time-sampling point that whether does not calculate decay factor in this trace record in addition:
If return step 2.;
Otherwise, enter step 8.;
8. check the record that whether does not carry out absorption analysis in the seismologic record after the interpolation in addition:
If return step 1.;
Otherwise, enter step 7).
3. a kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction method of window during based on self-adaptation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step 7), the decay factor that step 6) obtains is carried out the second-order polynomial curve match by the road, obtain the background absorption value of per pass record, each decay factor is deducted the background absorption value of oneself, thereby be absorbed abnormal profile.
4. a kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction method of window during based on self-adaptation as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in the described step 7), the decay factor that step 6) obtains is carried out the second-order polynomial curve match by the road, obtain the background absorption value of per pass record, each decay factor is deducted the background absorption value of oneself, thereby be absorbed abnormal profile.
5. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described a kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction methods of window during based on self-adaptation, it is characterized in that: in the described step 4), ask for the instantaneous frequency ω (t) of seismologic record S (t) by following equation, the length A TW of window when getting its inverse multiplication by constants Coeff obtaining self-adaptation again:
ω(t)＝[λ 2Ι+S(D-λ 2Ι)] -1Sn
ATW = Coeff ω ( t )
In the following formula, n=S (t) H'(t)-S'(t) H (t), wherein H (t) is the Hilbert transform of seismologic record S (t), H ' (t) and S'(t) be the derivative of H (t) and S (t), D is by S 2(t)+H 2(t) diagonal operator of Gou Chenging, S are level and smooth shaping operator, λ be D mould square, the quick convergence of control inverting iteration, Ι is identity operator.
6. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described a kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction methods of window during based on self-adaptation, it is characterized in that: in the described step 4), calculate the instantaneous frequency ω (t) of seismologic record S (t) by Hilbert transform, the length A TW of window when getting its inverse multiplication by constants Coeff obtaining self-adaptation again:
ω ( t ) = S ( t ) H ′ ( t ) - S ′ ( t ) H ( t ) S 2 ( t ) + H 2 ( t )
ATW = Coeff ω ( t )
In the following formula, H (t) is the Hilbert transform of seismologic record S (t), H'(t) and S'(t) be the derivative of H (t) and S (t).
7. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described a kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction methods of window during based on self-adaptation, it is characterized in that: in the described step 3), the span of β is respectively 0.1～1 and 0～1 when energy attenuation rate α and energy delay.
8. a kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction method of window during based on self-adaptation as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: in the described step 3), the span of β is respectively 0.1～1 and 0～1 when energy attenuation rate α and energy delay.
9. a kind of absorption analysis petroleum-gas prediction method of window during based on self-adaptation as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: in the described step 3), the span of β is respectively 0.1～1 and 0～1 when energy attenuation rate α and energy delay.
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