CN109669212A - Seismic data processing technique, interval quality factors evaluation method and device - Google Patents
Seismic data processing technique, interval quality factors evaluation method and device Download PDFInfo
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- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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Abstract
The present invention relates to seismic data processing techniques, ground interval quality factors evaluation method and device, static correction is carried out to primary earthquake data, spherical diffusion compensation, prestack noise attentuation, earth surface consistency vibration amplitude compensation processing, the method for using high-order statistic by superimposed data, extract seismic wavelet, initial Quality Factor is obtained than method by spectrum, then the interference on main profile direction and interconnection direction is sorted into using high density attribute filter method removal initial value quality factor, finally obtain the quality factor of optimization, and inverse Q filtering is carried out using the quality factor, obtain the seismic data that final process is crossed.The present invention can be under the conditions of lacking near-surface investigation information and VSP data, accurate Q value is obtained according to existing seismic data, and carry out inverse Q filtering processing, restore seismic data amplitude information, the seismic data handled by inverse Q filtering, fidelity protects width, provides reliable basis for seismic inversion.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil exploration Seismic Data Processing Technique fields, and in particular to seismic data processing technique, stratum
Quality factor evaluation method and device.
Background technique
In seismic data, energy attenuation and speed frequency can occur when non-fully elastic underground medium is propagated for seismic wave
It dissipates.Energy attenuation makes deep formation seismic wave energy weaker, influences the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution ratio of seismic data.Inverse Q filtering is
A kind of effective ways for compensating earth absorption effect can compensate the amplitude decaying and frequency loss of seismic wave, enhance weak reflection
The energy of wave, and then improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution ratio of seismic data.
The Chinese patent that publication No. is 106646601 discloses a kind of shallow mid-deep strata Three-Dimensional Q-Value of multi information joint constraint
Method for building up, this method utilize near-surface investigation information, are constrained by surface layer Q value measurement data, establish Q at measurement point position
The relation curve of value and velocity amplitude；Under the constraint of velocity amplitude, tomographic inversion is constrained by high-precision and obtains shallow three-dimensional speed
Model；Using the relation curve of Q value and velocity amplitude at shallow three-dimensional rate pattern and measurement point position, the shallow-layer of Depth Domain is obtained
Three-Dimensional Q-Value；Using seismic data, the three-dimensional velocity structure of mid-deep strata is established；Under the constraint of three-dimensional velocity structure, middle depth is sought
Layer Three-Dimensional Q-Value；Shallow three-dimensional Q value and mid-deep strata Three-Dimensional Q-Value are transformed into a domain by depth or using in soil deeply when progress, and benefit
With sine and cosine matching constraint three-dimensional fusion technology, shallow three-dimensional Q value and mid-deep strata Three-Dimensional Q-Value are subjected to effective integration, establish packet
The shallow mid-deep strata Three-Dimensional Q-Value of the factor containing near surface effectively solves the problems, such as that shallow-layer Q value is isolated with mid-deep strata Q value.
Publication No. is provided and a kind of is handled seismic data based on VSP data for 103913770 Chinese patent
Method, this process employs reference VSP data, compensate to the amplitude of seismic data, the earthquake number after obtaining amplitude compensation
According to；Using the downlink longitudinal wave of VSP data as target wavelet, reference target wavelet carries out the seismic data after amplitude compensation whole
Shape, the seismic data after obtaining shaping；Using the Q value of VSP data estimation different layers position, the Q value of different layers position is counted,
Obtain global Q value；Inverse Q filtering is carried out to the seismic data after shaping using global Q value, obtains filtered seismic data.
The constraint of surface layer multi information joint, VSP (Vertical Seismic is utilized in existing seismic data processing technique
Profiling, vertical seismic profiling (VSP) technology) data or cross-well data are handled, and to a certain extent, can be found out reliable
Quality factor, effectively improve the precision of inverse Q filtering, but the routine for lacking near-surface investigation information and VSP data
Seismic data can not directly seek quality factor and carry out inverse Q filtering, limit its answering in common seismic data processing
With.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of seismic data processing technique, interval quality factors evaluation method and device, use
It is existing when handling seismic data shortage near-surface investigation information or VSP data in solving, acquire accurate quality factor and raising
The precision of inverse Q filtering.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a kind of seismic data processing technique, comprising the following steps:
1) seismic data for obtaining stratum, after seismic data static correction, using geometrical attenuation compensation method in time side
The energy of compensation spherical diffusion loss upwards；Then reduce the anomalous amplitude in seismic data using prestack noise reduction method；
2) earth's surface-consistent compensation method is used, capacity volume variance of the seismic data between big gun, between road is eliminated, obtains prestack road
Collect data, by prestack trace gather data investigation, obtains superposition pure wave data volume；
3) seismic wavelet is extracted from superposition pure wave data volume, the product on stratum is found out than method using spectrum to the seismic wavelet
Prime factor Q value；Inverse Q filtering is carried out to the prestack trace gather data using Q value, obtains filtered seismic data.
Inverse Q filtering is carried out to the prestack trace gather data using the Q value after optimization, optimization method includes following
Step:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to the Q value that step 3) obtains and determines interference band, the Q value is removed and is sorted into master
Interference on line direction and interconnection direction in the interference band, the Q value after being optimized.
Seismic wavelet is extracted from superposition pure wave data volume using Higher order Statistics in step 3).
The Higher order Statistics are cumulant matching method, and it includes following step that cumulant matching method, which extracts seismic wavelet,
It is rapid:
Window when the superposition pure wave data volume is divided into different when each in window, is Fourier to input seismic channel
Transformation, obtains the phase spectrum of fourth order cumulant, carries out phase unwrapping using the phase spectrum of fourth order cumulant, obtains seismic wavelet
Phase spectrum, and then find out the seismic wavelet of time-domain.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also proposes a kind of ground interval quality factors evaluation method, following steps:
1) seismic data for obtaining stratum, after seismic data static correction, using geometrical attenuation compensation method in time side
The energy of compensation spherical diffusion loss upwards；Then reduce the anomalous amplitude in seismic data using prestack noise reduction method；
2) earth's surface-consistent compensation method is used, capacity volume variance of the seismic data between big gun, between road is eliminated, obtains prestack road
Collect data, by prestack trace gather data investigation, obtains superposition pure wave data volume；
3) seismic wavelet is extracted from superposition pure wave data volume, the product on stratum is found out than method using spectrum to the seismic wavelet
Prime factor Q value.
Inverse Q filtering is carried out to the prestack trace gather data using the Q value after optimization, optimization method includes following
Step:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to the Q value that step 3) obtains and determines interference band, the Q value is removed and is sorted into master
Interference on line direction and interconnection direction in the interference band, the Q value after being optimized.
Seismic wavelet is extracted from superposition pure wave data volume using Higher order Statistics in step 3).
The Higher order Statistics are cumulant matching method, and it includes following step that cumulant matching method, which extracts seismic wavelet,
It is rapid:
Window when the superposition pure wave data volume is divided into different when each in window, is Fourier to input seismic channel
Transformation, obtains the phase spectrum of fourth order cumulant, carries out phase unwrapping using the phase spectrum of fourth order cumulant, obtains seismic wavelet
Phase spectrum, and then find out the seismic wavelet of time-domain.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also proposes that a kind of ground interval quality factors estimate device, including processor, it should
Processor is used to execute the instruction for realizing following methods:
1) seismic data for obtaining stratum, after seismic data static correction, using geometrical attenuation compensation method in time side
The energy of compensation spherical diffusion loss upwards；Then reduce the anomalous amplitude in seismic data using prestack noise reduction method；
2) earth's surface-consistent compensation method is used, capacity volume variance of the seismic data between big gun, between road is eliminated, obtains prestack road
Collect data, by prestack trace gather data investigation, obtains superposition pure wave data volume；
3) seismic wavelet is extracted from superposition pure wave data volume, the product on stratum is found out than method using spectrum to the seismic wavelet
Prime factor Q value.
Inverse Q filtering is carried out to the prestack trace gather data using the Q value after optimization, optimization method includes following
Step:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to the Q value that step 3) obtains and determines interference band, the Q value is removed and is sorted into master
Interference on line direction and interconnection direction in the interference band, the Q value after being optimized.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: carrying out a series of processing to primary earthquake data, including static correction, spherical diffusion are mended
It repays, prestack noise attentuation, earth surface consistency vibration amplitude compensation, by the method that superimposed data use high-order statistic, extracts
Seismic wavelet obtains initial Quality Factor than method by spectrum, then removes initial value quality factor using high density attribute filter method
The interference being sorted on main profile direction and interconnection direction finally obtains the quality factor of optimization, and utilizes the quality factor
Inverse Q filtering is carried out, the seismic data that final process is crossed is obtained.The present invention can lack near-surface investigation information and VSP data
Under the conditions of, accurate Q value is obtained according to existing seismic data, and carry out inverse Q filtering processing, restores seismic data vibration
Width information, the seismic data handled by inverse Q filtering, fidelity protect width, provide reliable basis for seismic inversion.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is seismic processing chain figure of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the wavelet schematic diagram extracted using fourth order cumulant method from poststack data volume；
Fig. 3 is to compose the Q value schematic diagram sought than method；
Fig. 4 is that spectrum is sought after Q value than method by editor, smoothed out Q value schematic diagram；
Fig. 5-a is stacked section effect diagram before inverse Q filtering；
Fig. 5-b is stacked section effect diagram after inverse Q filtering.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
A kind of embodiment of seismic data processing technique of the invention proposes that one kind can be independent of near-surface investigation information
And the seismic data processing technique of the high-precision inverse Q filtering of VSP data constraint, restore seismic amplitude information, passes through following tool
Body step is realized:
1, obtain prestack trace gather data be superimposed pure wave data volume.
1.1 pairs of target area seismic datas carry out static corrections processing, solve the problems, such as the static correction of seismic data；Expanded using spherical surface
It dissipates and compensates, the off-energy of the seismic data spherical diffusion after compensation static corrections processing in the direction of time；Using prestack noise
Damped system reduces the anomalous amplitude in seismic data, improves seismic data signal-to-noise ratio；After handling anomalous amplitude, earth's surface one is utilized
Cause property vibration amplitude compensation method, compensates the energy of seismic data on direction in space, eliminates seismic data between big gun, energy between road
Difference.After above-mentioned processing, prestack trace gather data are obtained.
1.2 are overlapped prestack trace gather data, obtain superposition pure wave data volume.
2, seismic wavelet is extracted using the superposition of data body that fourth order cumulant matching method is obtained from step 1.2, such as Fig. 2 institute
Show.The one kind of fourth order cumulant matching method as Higher order Statistics, fourth order cumulant signal-based and its fourth order spectrum, benefit
Include the phase information feature extraction wavelet of signal with high-order statistic, is a kind of estimation of seismic signal non-minimum phase wavelet
Method.Higher order Statistics are the prior art, referring specifically to " geophysical prospecting for oil " periodical the 1st phase page 123-of volume 43
Page 128, " methods of seismic wavelet extraction summary " text that author is Yang Peijie.
2.1 firstly, window when the superposition of data body that step 1.2 obtains is divided into different, when each in window, to input ground
Shake road does Fourier transformation, acquires the phase spectrum of fourth order cumulant.
2.2 use least squares method by the phase spectrum of the fourth order cumulant obtained to step 2.1, carry out phase unwrapping,
The phase spectrum for acquiring seismic wavelet does steady and smoothing processing to the phase spectrum, obtains the phase spectrum of accurate seismic wavelet.
2.3 acquire the ground of time-domain after the sub-wave phase spectrum for relatively accurately acquiring step 2.2 using system of linear equations
Shake wavelet.
3, the wavelet that input step 2.3 acquires as reference signal, longitudinally draw by the superposition pure wave data volume that step 1.2 acquires
Timesharing window, using spectrum than method, by the amplitude spectrum of reference signal with each the ratio of the amplitude spectrum of be overlapped time window takes downwards
Logarithm, to calculate Q value, as shown in Figure 3.The principle is as follows:
In view of the absorption on stratum, seismic amplitude spectrum can approximate expression at following form:
Wherein, f is frequency, the seismic amplitude spectrum of t when B (f, t) is seismic wave travelling.Q is the quality factor of medium, B
(f,t0) it is t when seismic wave is travelled0Seismic amplitude spectrum.A (t) is the factor unrelated with frequency, in t1And t2Shi Keyou:
The ratio of above-mentioned two formula takes logarithm, obtains；
Wherein, C=In (A (t2)/A(t1)) be considered constant, f and B be it is unknown, here we assume that Q and frequency without
Close, for each frequency values, we use the available logarithmic spectrum rate of (3.4) formula, it be frequency with slope for-π (t2-t1)/Q
Function, each slope obtains a Q value, we can estimate that Q value can for multiple stratum from prestack common-shot-gather
Use equivalent Q-value principle, it is assumed that stratum is made of n-layer, and every layer of quality factor is Q respectively1、Q2、…、Qn, seismic wave is across phase
The hourage on adjacent stratum is t respectively1、t2、…、tn, every layer of equivalent Q-value Q1eff、Q2eff、…、QneffIt can be from the equations above
Estimation.Estimation for every layer of Q value, at present there are two types of method: a kind of method is n-th layer Q value and seismic wave in each Es-region propagations
Between, the equivalent Q-value of each layer Q value and n-th layer it is related, formula are as follows:
Wherein, tnThe hourage on n-th layer stratum, Q are passed through for seismic wavenFor the quality factor of n-th layer, QneffFor n-th layer
Equivalent Q-value, tiThe hourage on i-th layer of stratum, i=n-1, Q are passed through for seismic waveiFor i-th layer of quality factor.
4, processing is optimized to the Q value that step 3 acquires, the Q value after being optimized, as shown in Figure 4.
The Q value that 4.1 pairs of steps 3 acquire carries out spectrum analysis, and determines the frequency range of low-frequency disturbance, in order to eliminate Q
Low-frequency noise in value.
The Q value that 4.2 steps 3 acquire is sorted into main profile direction, using high density attribute filtering method, in wave-number domain
In, the frequency range that applying step 4.1 analyzes obtained low-frequency disturbance is filtered, and the low frequency removed on main profile direction is dry
It disturbs.
4.3 Q values after step 4.2 main profile trend pass filtering are sorted into interconnection line direction, are filtered using geology
Wave method, in wave-number domain, the frequency range that applying step 4.1 analyzes obtained low-frequency disturbance is filtered, and removes interconnection
Low-frequency disturbance on direction, the Q value after being optimized.
5, applying step 4.3 acquires the Q value after optimization, carries out inverse Q filtering to the prestack trace gather data that step 1.1 obtains,
As shown in Figure 5.
The present invention can obtain essence according to existing seismic data under the conditions of lacking near-surface investigation information and VSP data
True Q value, and inverse Q filtering processing is carried out, restore seismic data amplitude information, the earthquake handled by inverse Q filtering
Data, fidelity protect width, provide reliable basis for seismic inversion.
The invention also provides a kind of ground interval quality factors evaluation methods, comprising the following steps:
The seismic data for obtaining stratum, after seismic data static correction, using geometrical attenuation compensation method in time orientation
The energy of upper compensation spherical diffusion loss；Then reduce the anomalous amplitude in seismic data using prestack noise reduction method.
Using earth's surface-consistent compensation method, capacity volume variance of the seismic data between big gun, between road is eliminated, prestack trace gather is obtained
Prestack trace gather data investigation is obtained superposition pure wave data volume by data.Seismic wavelet is extracted from superposition pure wave data volume, it is right
The seismic wavelet, than method, finds out the Q value on stratum using spectrum.
Spectrum analysis is carried out to Q value and determines interference band, using high density attribute filter method, removes Q value point
Choose the interference on main profile direction and interconnection direction in the interference band, the Q value optimized.
Since above-mentioned ground interval quality factors evaluation method is in the embodiment of a kind of ground interval quality factors evaluation method
Sufficiently clear is complete for the introduction of progress, therefore no longer interval quality factors evaluation method is described in detail over the ground.
The invention also provides a kind of ground interval quality factors to estimate device, including processor, and the processor is for executing reality
The instruction of existing following methods:
The seismic data for obtaining stratum, after seismic data static correction, using geometrical attenuation compensation method in time orientation
The energy of upper compensation spherical diffusion loss；Then reduce the anomalous amplitude in seismic data using prestack noise reduction method.
Using earth's surface-consistent compensation method, capacity volume variance of the seismic data between big gun, between road is eliminated, prestack trace gather is obtained
Prestack trace gather data investigation is obtained superposition pure wave data volume by data.Seismic wavelet is extracted from superposition pure wave data volume, it is right
The seismic wavelet, than method, finds out the Q value on stratum using spectrum.
The ground interval quality factors of above-mentioned meaning estimate device, are actually based on ground of the invention interval quality factors evaluation method
A kind of computer solution, i.e., a kind of software architecture can be applied in computer, due to the introduction to the above method
It is complete through sufficiently clear, therefore be no longer described in detail.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for those skilled in the art
For member, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, it is made it is any modification,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of seismic data processing technique, which comprises the following steps:
1) seismic data on stratum is obtained, after seismic data static correction, in the direction of time using geometrical attenuation compensation method
Compensate the energy of spherical diffusion loss；Then reduce the anomalous amplitude in seismic data using prestack noise reduction method；
2) earth's surface-consistent compensation method is used, capacity volume variance of the seismic data between big gun, between road is eliminated, obtains prestack trace gather number
According to obtaining superposition pure wave data volume for prestack trace gather data investigation；
3) extract seismic wavelet from superposition pure wave data volume, to the seismic wavelet using spectrum than method, find out the quality on stratum because
Sub- Q value；Inverse Q filtering is carried out to the prestack trace gather data using Q value, obtains filtered seismic data.
2. seismic data processing technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that utilize the Q value after optimization
To the prestack trace gather data carry out inverse Q filtering, optimization method the following steps are included:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to the Q value that step 3) obtains and determines interference band, the Q value is removed and is sorted into main profile
Interference on direction and interconnection direction in the interference band, the Q value after being optimized.
3. seismic data processing technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that use high-order statistic side in step 3)
Method extracts seismic wavelet from superposition pure wave data volume.
4. seismic data processing technique according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the Higher order Statistics are accumulation
Flux matched method, cumulant matching method extract seismic wavelet and include the following steps:
Window when the superposition pure wave data volume is divided into different when each in window, does Fourier transformation to input seismic channel,
The phase spectrum of fourth order cumulant is obtained, phase unwrapping is carried out using the phase spectrum of fourth order cumulant, obtains the phase of seismic wavelet
Spectrum, and then find out the seismic wavelet of time-domain.
5. a kind of ground interval quality factors evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
1) seismic data on stratum is obtained, after seismic data static correction, in the direction of time using geometrical attenuation compensation method
Compensate the energy of spherical diffusion loss；Then reduce the anomalous amplitude in seismic data using prestack noise reduction method；
2) earth's surface-consistent compensation method is used, capacity volume variance of the seismic data between big gun, between road is eliminated, obtains prestack trace gather number
According to obtaining superposition pure wave data volume for prestack trace gather data investigation；
3) extract seismic wavelet from superposition pure wave data volume, to the seismic wavelet using spectrum than method, find out the quality on stratum because
Sub- Q value.
6. ground according to claim 5 interval quality factors evaluation method, which is characterized in that utilize the quality factor after optimization
Q value to the prestack trace gather data carry out inverse Q filtering, optimization method the following steps are included:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to the Q value that step 3) obtains and determines interference band, the Q value is removed and is sorted into main profile
Interference on direction and interconnection direction in the interference band, the Q value after being optimized.
7. ground according to claim 6 interval quality factors evaluation method, which is characterized in that use higher order statistical in step 3)
Amount method extracts seismic wavelet from superposition pure wave data volume.
8. ground according to claim 7 interval quality factors evaluation method, which is characterized in that the Higher order Statistics are
Cumulant matching method, cumulant matching method extract seismic wavelet and include the following steps:
Window when the superposition pure wave data volume is divided into different when each in window, does Fourier transformation to input seismic channel,
The phase spectrum of fourth order cumulant is obtained, phase unwrapping is carried out using the phase spectrum of fourth order cumulant, obtains the phase of seismic wavelet
Spectrum, and then find out the seismic wavelet of time-domain.
9. a kind of ground interval quality factors estimate device, which is characterized in that including processor, the processor is following for executing realization
The instruction of method:
1) seismic data on stratum is obtained, after seismic data static correction, in the direction of time using geometrical attenuation compensation method
Compensate the energy of spherical diffusion loss；Then reduce the anomalous amplitude in seismic data using prestack noise reduction method；
2) earth's surface-consistent compensation method is used, capacity volume variance of the seismic data between big gun, between road is eliminated, obtains prestack trace gather number
According to obtaining superposition pure wave data volume for prestack trace gather data investigation；
3) extract seismic wavelet from superposition pure wave data volume, to the seismic wavelet using spectrum than method, find out the quality on stratum because
Sub- Q value.
10. ground according to claim 9 interval quality factors estimate device, which is characterized in that using optimization after quality because
Sub- Q value to the prestack trace gather data carry out inverse Q filtering, optimization method the following steps are included:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to the Q value that step 3) obtains and determines interference band, the Q value is removed and is sorted into main profile
Interference on direction and interconnection direction in the interference band, the Q value after being optimized.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110673211A (en) * | 2019-10-13 | 2020-01-10 | 东北石油大学 | Quality factor modeling method based on logging and seismic data |
| CN111781646A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-16 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Amplitude-preserving and fidelity-preserving linear coherent noise suppression method and processing terminal |
| CN111880218A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-11-03 | 西南石油大学 | Inversion wavelet dictionary construction method based on quality factor |
| CN112711074A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2021-04-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Denoising method and device for seismic first-motion wave |
| CN112764095A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | VSP data Q value calculation method and system based on generalized energy ratio |
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