CN111257933B - Novel method for predicting oil and gas reservoir based on low-frequency shadow phenomenon - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a new method for predicting an oil and gas reservoir based on a low-frequency shadow phenomenon, which comprises the following steps of: (1) calculating various transient spectral attribute bodies by using three-dimensional seismic data, preferably transient spectral attribute bodies capable of reflecting reservoir development; (2) performing coherent calculation on the optimized transient spectrum attribute body to generate a transient spectrum coherent attribute body; (3) performing S-transform wave frequency spectrum analysis on the transient spectrum coherence attribute body of the target interval to generate a series of transient spectrum coherence attribute bodies with single frequency and extract a target interval stratum slice; (4) and (3) preferably selecting low-frequency transient spectrum coherent attribute stratigraphic slices by combining the proven oil and gas interpretation results of the existing well drilling, and further carrying out plane distribution prediction of the oil and gas reservoir. The method provided by the invention can greatly reduce the influence of the false low-frequency shadow phenomenon of the three-dimensional seismic data volume, accurately depict the planar distribution of the oil and gas reservoir, further greatly improve the prediction accuracy of the oil and gas reservoir in oil and gas exploration, and directly serve the exploration and production of the oil and gas field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas exploration, in particular to a novel method for predicting an oil and gas reservoir based on a low-frequency shadow phenomenon.
Background
The low-frequency shadow is a phenomenon that strong energy clusters appear below an oil-gas reservoir when the seismic data are at low frequency, and no strong energy clusters exist at corresponding positions when the seismic data are at high frequency. Low frequency anomalies are often observed in the frequency component obtained by transient spectral analysis (Castagna et al, 2003; Chen et al, 2009; Gooshubin et al, 2006; He et al, 2008; Liu and Marfurt, 2007; Sinha et al, 2005; Sun et al, 2002; Wang, 2007). More and more research has shown that low frequency seismic signals can be successfully used for reservoir detection. Taner et al (1979) first discovered in seismic trace analysis that low frequency shadows appear in seismic reflections directly below the oil-bearing zone. Castagna (2003) developed a wavelet transform-based transient spectrum analysis (ISA) technique for the first time and successfully completed the detection of the aquifer and the aquifer in the gulf of mexico. Korneev (2004) performed numerical simulations with a fluid-containing layered model, and successfully observed the low frequency shadowing phenomenon. Since Castagna, reservoir detection has been valued and implemented using transient Spectroscopy (ISA) (Tai et al, 2009; Tisato and Madonna, 2012; Chen et al, 2014). Although the low-frequency shadow is more obvious on data processed by an instantaneous spectrum technology (ISA) than on a broadband seismic profile, the detection of the known oil and gas reservoir is realized, the factors influencing the low-frequency shadow phenomenon are more, so that a plurality of false low-frequency shadow phenomena exist, the explanation of the low-frequency shadow phenomena has great uncertainty and multiple solutions, and the accuracy of oil and gas prediction by utilizing the low-frequency shadow phenomena and the popularization and application of the oil and gas prediction in the exploration and development of oil fields are greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a new method for predicting an oil and gas reservoir based on a low frequency shadow phenomenon, which mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1: the reservoir sensitivity attribute body is optimized, namely, three-dimensional seismic data are utilized to calculate a plurality of instantaneous spectrum attribute bodies, including an instantaneous amplitude spectrum attribute body, an instantaneous frequency spectrum attribute body and an instantaneous phase spectrum attribute body, the instantaneous spectrum attribute bodies are respectively sliced, the correlation analysis of the thickness of a well hole reservoir in a research area and the slicing correlation of the instantaneous spectrum attribute bodies is carried out, the instantaneous spectrum attribute body with the correlation coefficient larger than a given threshold value is optimized, and the instantaneous spectrum attribute body which can most reflect the development condition of the reservoir in the research area is selected;
step 2: coherent attribute body calculation, namely performing coherent calculation by using the instantaneous spectrum attribute body optimized in the step 1 to generate an instantaneous spectrum coherent attribute body;
and step 3: performing spectrum analysis, namely performing spectrum analysis on the target interval of the instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body in the step 2 to generate a series of instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute bodies with single frequency in the target interval, and performing stratigraphic slicing on the instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute bodies with single frequency;
and 4, step 4: optimizing and verifying analysis, (1) optimizing instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices of low-frequency target intervals, namely observing whether information on the instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices with single frequency can clearly reflect geological information or not, wherein information blank caused by high-frequency disappearance of low-frequency shadows on general high-frequency slices is obvious, information on the slices from low frequency to high frequency is obviously lost, information is selected to retain the most complete instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices of the low-frequency target intervals, and after preliminary judgment, performing subsequent verifying analysis on the optimized instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body slices of the low-frequency target intervals until the instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices of the low-frequency target intervals which are consistent with the actual conditions of a research area are selected, namely the plane prediction result of an oil-gas reservoir; (2) and (3) verification analysis, namely performing coincidence verification on all verified drilling oil and gas interpretation results in a research area and the optimized low-frequency target interval transient spectrum coherence attribute body stratigraphic slice, wherein if the prediction result is coincident with the actual condition of the research area, the plane prediction with the coincidence rate meeting the exploration and development requirements of each oil and gas field is the final oil and gas reservoir plane prediction result, and the oil and gas reservoir exploration and development practice of the oil and gas field can be directly guided.
Further, in the step 1, the thickness of the borehole reservoir and the transient spectrum attribute stratigraphic slice attribute value are positively correlated, the correlation coefficient is larger than a threshold value, and the threshold value is 0.8, so that reservoir sensitivity attribute optimization is completed.
Further, the coherence calculation in step 2 is as follows:
setting seismic channel signals in three-dimensional seismic data as Xj(n), and j ═ 1, 2, …, M; n is 1, 2, …, N, wherein M is the total channel number of the seismic channel signals, j is the number of the seismic channel signals, N is the total number of the sampling points of the calculation window, N is the number of the sampling points of the calculation window, and the correlation attribute value R is obtained according to the relation between the standard channel signals and the M channel signals:
the magnitude of the attribute value R reflects the similarity degree of M seismic channel signals, the R value between seismic channels at non-fracture positions is usually close to 1, when fracture occurs, the R value is obviously reduced, in order to highlight abnormality, the incoherence is described by a value 1-R in practical application, and the value range of 1-R is 0-0.3, which indicates incoherence.
Further, in the step 4, the verified drilling oil and gas interpretation result indicates that the drilling oil and gas layer corresponds to the energy cluster region with the low frequency shadow of the oil and gas reservoir plane prediction result in the step 4, and the oil and gas reservoir plane prediction result is consistent with the actual situation of the research area.
The method provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the reservoir and migration of oil and gas are considered, the prediction result is constrained by the geological conditions of the oil and gas reservoir, and the possibility of wrong prediction caused by false low-frequency shadow is greatly reduced, so that the accuracy of oil and gas reservoir prediction through the low-frequency shadow phenomenon is greatly improved, and the known oil and gas reservoir detection technology based on the low-frequency shadow phenomenon really advances to the prediction technology of unknown oil and gas reservoirs; (2) the interference of factors such as strong reflection of the reservoir itself is greatly weakened, and only the oil-gas section of the reservoir indicated by the low-frequency shadow phenomenon is highlighted; (3) the planar distribution form of the oil and gas reservoir can be drawn, and the oil and gas reservoir can be directly used for exploration and production of oil and gas fields.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a new reservoir prediction method based on low frequency shadowing of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the location of an application research area of an example of the novel method for predicting the oil and gas reservoir based on the low-frequency shadow phenomenon;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a well-through original extracted from three-dimensional data of 11 well zones in a new method for predicting hydrocarbon reservoirs based on low-frequency shadowing and a cross-sectional view processed by transient spectrum analysis according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a slice through a hydrocarbon reservoir of the new reservoir prediction method based on low frequency shadowing of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the processing results of the novel method for reservoir prediction based on low frequency shadowing after transient spectrum analysis;
FIG. 6 is a reservoir prediction profile result graph of a new reservoir prediction method based on low frequency shadowing;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the new method for predicting the fracture distribution of an oil and gas reservoir based on the low-frequency shadowing phenomenon;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional result display of spectral analysis of a stratigraphic body according to a novel method for predicting hydrocarbon reservoirs based on low-frequency shadowing;
FIG. 9 is a final plane prediction result diagram of the new method for hydrocarbon reservoir prediction based on the low frequency shadowing phenomenon;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the validation results of the new reservoir prediction method based on low frequency shadowing on the 9 wells of the shielder 12 well zone in the tower;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the result of the verification of the new reservoir prediction method based on the low frequency shadowing on 10 wells of the shielder 12 well zone in the tower.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a new method for reservoir prediction based on low-frequency shadowing, which includes the following specific steps:
step 1: the reservoir sensitivity attribute is optimized, namely, three-dimensional seismic data is utilized to calculate a plurality of instantaneous spectral attribute bodies, including an instantaneous amplitude spectral attribute body, an instantaneous frequency spectral attribute body and an instantaneous phase spectral attribute body, the instantaneous spectral attribute bodies are respectively sliced, correlation analysis is carried out on the thickness of a well bore reservoir in a research area and the slicing of the instantaneous spectral attribute bodies, the instantaneous spectral attribute body with the correlation coefficient larger than a given threshold value, namely the instantaneous spectral attribute body capable of reflecting the development condition of the reservoir in the research area is optimized, as shown in fig. 3, a graph (a) is a well-passing original section selected from three-dimensional data of 11 well zones in a tower, and a graph (b) is a section processed by utilizing an instantaneous spectral analysis method on the graph (a). The invention adopts the transient spectrum analysis method used by Castagna (2003) to perform transient spectrum analysis oil-gas reservoir detection on three-dimensional seismic data in the middle area of a Chinese Tarim basin tower by using S-converted waves, and FIG. 2 shows the position of an example application research area. Fig. 4 is a series of slices of the stratigraphic layer at a single frequency extracted at the slice of plot (b) in fig. 3.
FIG. 4 is a left view of a hydrocarbon reservoir slice and a right view of the slice shifted down 160m, i.e., shaded at low frequencies in FIG. 3 (b). When the frequency is 10Hz, the oil-gas reservoir energy in the left slice is stronger, and the low-frequency shadow in the right slice is obvious; when the frequency is increased to 20Hz, which corresponds to B in the graph 4, the reservoir energy of the left slice is still strong, and the low-frequency shadow energy in the right slice is obviously weakened and almost disappears; when the frequency is increased to 30Hz, corresponding to C in fig. 4, the reservoir energy in the left slice is still strong, and the low frequency shadow in the right slice disappears completely. As the frequency increases, the energy change at the reservoir in the left slice is small and the low frequency shadow in the right slice gradually disappears, corresponding to B in fig. 4 and C in fig. 4.
For the research area, the oil and gas reservoir is a sand rock layer, the surrounding rock layer is a mud rock layer, the wave impedance difference between the reservoir and the surrounding rock is large, the reservoir and the surrounding rock layer can be effectively distinguished by extracting an instantaneous amplitude spectrum, fig. 5 (a) is a reservoir sensitivity attribute preferred plane result, and fig. 6(a) is a reservoir sensitivity attribute preferred section result.
If the single transient spectrum attribute body can not reflect the development condition of the reservoir in the actual research area, the optimization of the sensitivity attribute of the reservoir is completed, and a composite transient spectrum attribute body which accords with the actual condition can be extracted; the threshold value in step 1 is 0.8.
Step 2: coherent attribute calculation is a widely accepted and effective method for identifying fracture in seismic data at present. The fracture generally plays an important role in oil and gas transportation and structure trapping in the oil and gas reservoir formation process, the oil and gas reservoir formation science considers that the fracture is an important migration channel of oil and gas, and the oil and gas are gathered in a reservoir layer to form an oil and gas reservoir through fracture migration under the action of pressure, so that the fracture often exists near the oil and gas reservoir. Interference can be suppressed through coherent attribute body calculation, prediction errors caused by false low-frequency shadows can be reduced by predicting fractures existing around the oil and gas reservoir, and the prediction accuracy is further improved. And after the optimization of the reservoir sensitivity attribute is completed, performing coherent attribute body calculation on the optimized transient spectral attribute body to identify fracture, generating a transient spectral coherent attribute body, and selecting the transient spectral coherent attribute body within a coherence threshold value.
The coherence attribute was calculated as follows:
setting seismic channel signals in three-dimensional seismic data as Xj(n), and j ═ 1, 2, …, M; n is 1, 2, …, N, where M is the total number of channels, j is the number of seismic channel signals, N is the total number of samples of the calculation window, N is the number of samples of the calculation window, and the correlation attribute value R is obtained according to the relationship between the standard channel signals and the M channels of signals:
the magnitude of the attribute value R reflects the similarity degree of M-channel signals, the R value between seismic channels at non-fracture positions is usually close to 1, when fracture occurs, the R value is obviously reduced, in order to highlight abnormality, the incoherence is described by a common value 1-R in practical application, and the value range of 1-R is 0-0.3, which represents the incoherence.
Fig. 6(b) shows the cross-sectional results after the treatment of step 2, and fig. 7 shows the slicing results of fig. 6 (b). FIG. 7 clearly shows the distribution of the fractures in the study area, with fractures developing on both sides of the low frequency shaded area. Comparing the sections (a) and (b) in fig. 6, it can be clearly seen in fig. 6(b) that the fracture is quite developed on both sides of the location of the low frequency shadow in fig. 6(a), and in fig. 6(b), the stratum body between S1 and S2 is light gray except for the reservoir region above the low frequency shadow, i.e., the box region in fig. 6 (b). The interference caused by the factors such as the strong reflection of the reservoir itself and the like in (a) in fig. 5 is greatly weakened after the processing of step 2 of the method, and the oil-gas-containing segment indicated by the low-frequency shadow is highlighted.
And step 3: and (3) performing spectrum analysis, namely performing spectrum analysis on the target interval of the transient spectrum coherence attribute body in the step (2) to generate a series of transient spectrum coherence attribute bodies with single frequency in the target interval, and performing stratigraphic slicing on the transient spectrum coherence attribute bodies with single frequency.
The oil and gas reservoir prediction method based on the low-frequency shadow phenomenon has the advantages that a low-frequency seismic data body is used, energy clusters appear below the oil and gas reservoir when the seismic data are low in frequency, and the oil and gas reservoir prediction is carried out by utilizing the unique low-frequency shadow phenomenon that the energy clusters do not exist at the corresponding position when the seismic data are high in frequency. The three-dimensional post-stack seismic data and the seismic data calculated through the steps are data bodies of composite frequency bands, and the method performs frequency spectrum analysis on the instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute bodies to generate a series of single low-frequency instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute bodies.
The temporal spectral coherence attribute between the formations S1 and S2 is subjected to spectral analysis, wherein (a) and (b) in FIG. 8 are shown by the sectional results, FIG. 9 is shown by the sectional results of (a) and (b) in FIG. 8, and the sectional positions are shown in (a) and (b). Comparing fig. 8 (a), (b) and fig. 5 (b), it can be seen that the processed result highlights the hydrocarbon-containing segment, so that it is highlighted, and the hydrocarbon-free segment is greatly weakened. It can be clearly seen by comparing the graphs (b) in fig. 7 and 8 that the processed result not only weakens the energy of the hydrocarbon-free segment and makes the hydrocarbon-containing segment directly above the low-frequency shadow show high energy, but also the low-frequency shadow of the graph (b) in fig. 8 and the boundaries at two sides of the hydrocarbon-containing segment coincide with the crack development boundaries, thereby greatly reducing the possibility of false low-frequency shadow and greatly improving the accuracy of hydrocarbon prediction.
Fig. 9 is the final reservoir plane prediction result of the present method. It can be seen that the planar distribution of oil and gas is depicted. Comparing fig. 9 and fig. 7, it can be easily seen that the final predicted region of the oil and gas reservoir based on the low frequency shadow phenomenon is surrounded by fractures, and the fractures are an important element for searching the oil and gas reservoir, and the oil and gas reservoir is moved by the fractures and converged in the reservoir, so the fractures are often present near the oil and gas reservoir. The fractures near the predicted hydrocarbon reservoir zones in FIG. 9 further confirm that the low frequency shadows are caused by the hydrocarbon reservoir, greatly reducing the possibility of false low frequency shadows and greatly improving the accuracy of hydrocarbon prediction.
And 4, step 4: optimizing and verifying analysis, (1) optimizing instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices of low-frequency target intervals, namely observing whether information on the instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices with single frequency can clearly reflect geological information or not, wherein information blank caused by high-frequency disappearance of low-frequency shadows on general high-frequency slices is obvious, information on the slices from low frequency to high frequency is obviously lost, information is selected to retain the most complete instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices of the low-frequency target intervals, and after preliminary judgment, performing subsequent verifying analysis on the optimized instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body slices of the low-frequency target intervals until the instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices of the low-frequency target intervals which are consistent with the actual conditions of a research area are selected, namely the plane prediction result of an oil-gas reservoir; (2) and (3) verification analysis, namely performing coincidence verification on all verified drilling oil and gas interpretation results in the research area and the optimized transient spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slice of the low-frequency target interval, and if the prediction result is coincident with the actual condition of the research area, namely the energy cluster area with low frequency shadow of the oil and gas reservoir plane prediction result corresponding to the drilling oil and gas reservoir in the verified drilling oil and gas interpretation results indicates that the oil and gas reservoir plane prediction result is coincident with the actual condition of the research area. The plane prediction with the coincidence rate meeting the exploration and development requirements of the oil and gas fields is the final plane prediction result of the oil and gas reservoir, and the exploration and development practices of the oil and gas reservoir can be directly guided.
Through the steps, the transient spectrum coherent attribute body of the 5Hz target interval is preferably selected, and then the transient spectrum coherent attribute body is used for oil and gas reservoir prediction and verification analysis.
FIGS. 10 and 11 show the results of the present method in the validation of the wells of the aspiration line 12 in the column. And if the high energy of the prediction region corresponding to the oil-gas layer and the low energy of the prediction region corresponding to the water-bearing layer in the well logging interpretation are high, the prediction result is consistent with the actual situation of the research region. The number of wells in the aspiration line 12 of the column is 17, which is divided into two sectional views 10 and 11. The total number of 9 wells in the section 10 is consistent with the prediction result, the total number of 10 wells in the section 11 is consistent with the prediction result, the total number of 19 wells in 12 well zones in the whole tower is known, 17 wells in the 12 well zones are consistent with the prediction result, the coincidence rate reaches 89.5 percent, and the method shows that the prediction of the research area is very accurate and can guide the exploration and development of the oil and gas fields of the research area.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. The novel method for predicting the oil and gas reservoir based on the low-frequency shadow phenomenon is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: selecting reservoir sensitivity attribute bodies, namely calculating a plurality of instantaneous spectrum attribute bodies by utilizing three-dimensional seismic data, wherein the instantaneous spectrum attribute bodies comprise an instantaneous amplitude spectrum attribute body, an instantaneous frequency spectrum attribute body and an instantaneous phase spectrum attribute body, respectively slicing the instantaneous spectrum attribute bodies, carrying out correlation analysis on the thickness of a well hole reservoir in a research area and the instantaneous spectrum attribute body slicing, and selecting the instantaneous spectrum attribute body with the correlation coefficient larger than a given threshold value, namely selecting the instantaneous spectrum attribute body which can most reflect the development condition of the reservoir in the research area;
step 2: performing coherent calculation by using the transient spectral attribute selected in the step 1 to generate a transient spectral coherent attribute;
and step 3: performing spectrum analysis, namely performing spectrum analysis on the target interval of the instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body in the step 2 to generate a series of instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute bodies with single frequency in the target interval, and performing stratigraphic slicing on the instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute bodies with single frequency;
and 4, step 4: selecting and verifying analysis, (1) selecting instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices of low-frequency target intervals, namely observing whether information on the instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices with single frequency can clearly reflect geological information or not, wherein information blank caused by high-frequency disappearance of low-frequency shadows on high-frequency slices is obvious, information on the slices from low frequency to high frequency can be obviously lost, the selected information retains the most complete instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices of the low-frequency target intervals, and after primary judgment, performing next verifying analysis on the selected instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body slice of the low-frequency target intervals until the selected instantaneous spectrum coherence attribute body stratum slices of the low-frequency target intervals, which are consistent with the actual conditions of a research area, are selected, namely, obtaining an oil and gas reservoir plane prediction result; (2) and (3) verification analysis, namely performing coincidence verification on all verified drilling oil and gas interpretation results in the research area and the selected low-frequency target interval transient spectrum coherence attribute body stratigraphic slice, wherein if the prediction result is coincident with the actual condition of the research area, the plane prediction with the coincidence rate meeting the exploration and development requirements of each oil and gas field is the final oil and gas reservoir plane prediction result, and the oil and gas reservoir exploration and development practice of the oil and gas field can be directly guided.
2. The new method for predicting hydrocarbon reservoirs based on the low-frequency shadowing phenomenon is characterized in that in the step 1, the thickness of the borehole reservoir and the property value of the transient spectrum property body stratum slice are positively correlated, the correlation coefficient is larger than a threshold value, and the threshold value is 0.8, so that the reservoir sensitivity property optimization is completed.
3. The new reservoir prediction method based on low frequency shadowing phenomenon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coherent calculation in step 2 is as follows:
setting seismic channel signals in three-dimensional seismic data as Xj(n), and j ═ 1, 2, …, M; n is 1, 2, …, N, wherein M is the total channel number of the seismic channel signals, j is the number of the seismic channel signals, N is the total number of the sampling points of the calculation window, N is the number of the sampling points of the calculation window, and the correlation attribute value R is obtained according to the relation between the standard channel signals and the M channel signals:
the magnitude of the attribute value R reflects the similarity degree of M seismic channel signals, the R value between seismic channels at non-fracture positions is close to 1, when fracture occurs, the R value is obviously reduced, in order to highlight abnormality, incoherence is described by using a value of 1-R in practical application, and the value range of 1-R is 0-0.3, which represents incoherence.
4. The new method for predicting hydrocarbon reservoirs based on low-frequency shadowing phenomenon as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, the verified interpretation result of the drilling hydrocarbon is that the drilling hydrocarbon reservoir area corresponds to the energy cluster area with low-frequency shadowing of the prediction result of the hydrocarbon reservoir plane in step 4, which indicates that the prediction result of the hydrocarbon reservoir plane is consistent with the actual situation of the research area.
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