RU2206911C2 - Process of search, prospecting, examination of deposit of mineral wealth and of construction of its model - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: geology, prospecting for mineral resources. SUBSTANCE: process is intended for traditional plans of geological prospecting operations for search and examination of ore and nonmetallic minerals, water included, predominantly for sections with known formation of the Earth' crust. Process in implemented with use of drilling operations or stock of existing holes and with performance of geophysical, geochemical and geotechnological examination of holes and of field geological, geophysical, geochemical and aerospace operations ensuring formation of framework from sections, cubes and slices of holes-standards. EFFECT: reduced cost of prospecting operations, raised efficiency of control over operation of deposit, improved ecological situation. 31 cl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of geophysical methods of exploration, in particular vibro-seismic exploration, and can be used in traditional schemes of geological exploration for the search, exploration and research of deposits of ore and non-metallic minerals, including water, mainly for areas with known earth crust structure.

 Geological exploration for the search and investigation of oil and gas fields can be decomposed into two stages: field, primarily seismic exploration and well drilling. The cost of the first stage is not comparable with the cost of the second. In addition, well drilling in any case violates the environmental situation in the surrounding area, and in areas with a developed settlement structure or in areas with increased sensitivity to external influences (in particular, in the permafrost zone), drilling wells, all the more so erroneously laid, can lead to to an environmental disaster. For these reasons, lately, maximum attention has been paid to the development of field, primarily seismic methods, which allow more accurately determine the prospectivity of the search area, as well as the location of the well.

 The technical problem to which the present invention is directed, is to develop a method for the search, exploration and study of mineral deposits with high accuracy of prediction.

 The technical result obtained as a result of the implementation of the invention is to reduce the cost of exploration, the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of monitoring the exploitation of mineral deposits, as well as improving the environmental situation in the region of the search for deposits by reducing the number of erroneously drilled wells.

 The specified technical result is achieved by using the method of search, exploration, research, creating a model, calculating reserves and monitoring mineral deposits.

- преимущественной нефтегазоносности (нефть-вода; нефти больше 50%) когда

и вероятность нефтегазоносности

где 1≤Т<1≤T≤∞; определяет границу между категориями преимущественной нефтегазоносности (нефть-вода) и преимущественной водоносности (вода-нефть), в среднем Т= 2, что соответствует 50% вероятности нефтегазоносности; Δ - ширина области неопределенности решения;
- преимущественной водоносности (вода-нефть, воды больше 50%) когда

вероятность водоносности

При вычислении кривых фильтрационно-емкостных и физических свойств в эталонных либо синтетических (псевдо) скважинах или по данным сейсморазведки в выбранном исследуемом объеме при исследовании нефтегазового месторождения используют для расчета пористости К_п по АК - зависимости

где L_i - медленности (величины, обратные скорости): L - в пласте в целом, L_cк - в матрице породы, L_фп - во флюиде и по поверхности порового пространства, М и А - структурные коэффициенты, зависящие от структуры порового пространства, глинистости, карбонатности и т.д. При вычислении кривых фильтрационно-емкостных и физических свойств в эталонных либо синтетических (псевдо) скважинах используют для расчета пористости по нейтронным методам зависимости

где Y_нк - показания нейтронного метода в пласте в целом, Y_ск - в матрице породы, Y_ф - во флюиде; t и а - структурные параметры, зависящие от типа породы и структуры порового пространства, а также вида нейтронного каротажа, причем в значении Y_ск и Y_ф вносятся мультипликативные поправки α, β, γ, θ, ε, φ, на эксцентриситет, обсадную колонну, цементное кольцо, соленость бурового раствора, глинистую корку, каверны в стволе скважин и т. д. из соответствующих таблиц. Обычно применяют метод двух или более опорных пластов с известными свойствами и значениями полей, из решения уравнений для которых определяют необходимые значения показаний полей в матрице, флюиде, структурные и поправочные коэффициенты, а при расчетах плотности (или пористости) по ГТК используют формулы и приемы, приведенные ранее. Преимущественно наиболее характерные опорные глины отыскивают по минимуму функционала, зависящего от значений ПС, ГК, удельного сопротивления, кавернометрии, скоростей продольных и поперечных волн, сжимаемости, спектрометрии ГК, поглощения, затухания. Для расчета глинистости используют зависимость естественной радиоактивности Y_тк и глинистости Y=R•C^К _ГЛ, где К и R - структурные коэффициенты, зависящие от песчанистости, алевритистости, минерального состава глин. При формировании геолого-геофизической и геолого-технологической модели нефтегазового месторождения на основе псевдоскважинных (синтетических) кривых отыскивают зоны трещиноватости по минимуму функционала от мгновенной частоты, сжимаемости, интервальной скорости продольной и поперечной волн, коэффициенту Пуассона, удельному сопротивлению структурных коэффициентов из электрокаротажа и сейсмоакустики, скорости медленной внутренней порово-флюидной волны (типа БИО), поглощения, затухания. Обычно после построения срезов, слайзов, разрезов или кубов интервальных скоростей, коэффициентов Пуассона, сжимаемости и псевдоакустики анализируют главные компоненты срезов, слайзов, разрезов или кубов и главные факторы срезов, слайзов, разрезов или кубов. В случае наличия данных о потенциальных и квазипотенциальных полях используют их аналитические продолжения вниз и вверх и трансформанты (разности, суммы, плотность, магнитную проницаемость, полные нормированные градиенты, плотность линеаментов и др.) в форме трасс - представлений в разрезе, срезе, слайзе или кубе в качестве информативного набора исходных данных. В случае появления вновь пробуренных скважин с данными ГИС и ГТИ после классификации сравнивают полученные данные с данными ГИС и ГТИ с целью выводов о правильности и надежности прогнозов. При наличии электроразведочной информации по месту поиска осуществляют ее привязку к глубинному представлению потенциальных и/или сейсмических данных посредством их экстраполяции или интерполяции.The specified method includes conducting drilling operations or using the stock of existing wells and conducting geophysical and geotechnological studies of wells and field geological, geophysical, geochemical and aerospace works, which ensure the formation of: - a framework from sections of cubes, intervals (slides) of reference wells based on processing and interpretation geophysical and geotechnological information about wells using deterministic (analytical and petrophysical) and recognition-statistical dependencies and methods (factorial, cluster, regression, component and other analyzes), including correlations of sections of reference wells; - a correlation model of the entire set of wells based on the use of a framework and a correlation scheme of reference wells using deterministic-statistical dependencies, including dividing the well section into lithological and technological types, as well as the formation of trace- or GIS-represented correlation well-logging or borehole-parametric (porosity, permeability, clay, oil saturation, etc.), including pseudo-borehole sections, with a given, for example, seismic or logging discreteness of surface sections, intervals (slides) or cubes for inter-well and near-well space; - a framework of seismic or complex (seismic, gravitational, electrical, etc.) in a deep or temporal scale or a set of multimethod, combined in time and / or depth sections, surface sections, intervals (slides) or cubes. Additionally conduct geophysical and geological and technological research of wells in the research area. Over the information of the borehole and geotechnological section, surface section, interval (slice) or cube, standard transformations are carried out, the same information transformations with discreteness of the logging or seismic field are performed over the entire complex, including seismic, electrical, gravimagnetic, integrated and other geophysical, geochemical and pseudopotential information. Using the Hilbert transform, sections, slices, slices or cubes of instantaneous frequencies, instantaneous amplitudes and instantaneous phases, and other transformations and their pseudo-analogs for fields of non-seismic-acoustic nature are built. Downhole information objects are transformed in a similar way, sets of properties are obtained at each point of the selected investigated spatio-temporal volume, including sets of properties for each point along the wellbores. Well sections are divided into lithological and technological classes-types, sequentially applying iterative deterministic and statistical methods for assessing the similarities and differences without and with training. Fix and set the number of classes. Capacitance and physical properties are calculated. Between wells, multi-parameter correlation, extrapolation and interpolation of properties are carried out in a section, slice, interval (slice) and cube with a given number of classes, forming frames from reference wells and from geophysical sections, slices, slides or cubes. Classify spatial, interwell and near-well objects based on a comparison of the formed frames and previously obtained properties in the wells and in the inter-well and near-well spaces, resulting in a section, cut, slice or cube with a predetermined number of classes, lines or surfaces of tectonic or lithological-stratigraphic disturbances and substitutions, a list of the most informative initial properties-attributes, ranked according to the degree of informativeness, based on received or used The determined deterministic petrophysical, analytical, and recognition-statistical dependences of the results of geophysical surveys of wells on previously obtained attribute properties with the necessary discreteness (seismic or logging) calculate (synthesize) and construct sections, sections, intervals (slides) or cubes of the field model with the reference and most probable traces-represented or GIS-represented aggregate sets of pseudo-borehole (synthetic) and field geological-geophysical traces-represented initial and transformed curves of effective and initial properties that make up a lot of synthetic wells (pseudo-wells), and form the geological, geophysical and geological and technological models of the field, comparing the results with the history of the development of the field, the results of newly drilled wells or already known mineral deposits or parts of such deposits with the same geological structure, they judge both the presence of the field and its geological, geophysical geological, chemical and technological characteristics, including the size and category of reserves, mineral extraction coefficient, development recommendations, projected production and flow rates, in particular, in the areas of primary, secondary and tertiary impacts on the formation, in the case of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in areas of exploration and exploration of solid minerals and aquifers. Typically, sample fragments of wells and geophysical sections are used as references for vertical and horizontal correlation and interpretation. Mainly use non-standard classification. If there is one well, it is used in the same way as described above. Also, if there is one well, its or its spatial information fragments are used to create pseudo-standards in different parts of the studied section, section, slice and cube. In the absence of reference wells, selective spatial information fragments of geophysical complex and local geophysical (for example, seismic) and geotechnological fields are used as pseudo etalons for classification, and for quantitative calculations, pseudo etalons are imitated from these fragments according to known statistical dependencies, or borrowed from territories (in including and adjacent) with close geological conditions. If there is only one source field, it is used in the same way as described above. When classifying, varying the number of classes. Usually, the characteristics of well logging and well logging in wells are additionally restored according to well logging data for other wells using numerical methods using a complex of well logging data, well logging and field methods. Preferably, pseudo-wells carry out analytical actions similar to those carried out on real wells. If there is seismic information at the place of search, the seismic data are converted from time to depth representation with preliminary calculation of the above standard transformants, including Hilbert transform, PAK and peak (walevet) transformations, and the obtained information is used for mathematical processing and classification of the obtained objects. Mostly in addition to Hilbert transformations, based on the interval velocity analysis in wells and on seismic data, as well as on the basis of models of various physical quantities in wells or a priori ideas about the minimum and maximum values of these quantities in wells, sections of interval, average and effective speed, pseudoacoustics and peak (wavelet) transformations for these quantities and their gradients, using them to build field models. Usually used as standard transformants are averaged estimates of technological, complex geophysical, local geophysical, for example, wave seismic fields, the same for all points of the intervals of the section, or planar sections, or slides, or cubes. Mostly in the set of indicated physical quantities, density, Poisson's ratio, compressibility and acoustic rigidity, amplitude-frequency and phase characteristics are used; their combinations and transformants for longitudinal and transverse seismic waves, converted waves or other types of waves. In addition, the density, compressibility, volumetric or weight contents of minerals or elements, porosity and permeability, or other quantitative characteristics of the rock can be used as the indicated physical quantities. When interpolating, extrapolating, classifying and constructing synthetic wells, cluster analysis methods are used. In the absence of the initial continuous lithological separation of wells, the sections of the reference and / or the entire set of wells are divided into lithological and technological classes-types by cluster analysis methods for the entire initial set of wells based on the initial limited set of benchmarks traced at all wells, or most of them visually, or by the characteristic numerical values of the borehole fields, or by known selective lithotypes. Typically, the breakdown of wells into lithological and technological classes is performed by cluster analysis methods along the boreholes of each well according to well-known formations (interlayers). In addition, the division of well sections into lithological and technological classes can be performed by cluster analysis methods both along each well and throughout the entire set of wells in a single set of formations (reference layers). In the absence of an initial lithological breakdown of wells, reference clusters are assigned to characteristic fragments of wells along wellbores. If there is a frame breakdown of reference wells along wellbores by type classes and the presence of a geophysical, geometric and parametric framework and multi-parameter correlation framework, extrapolation and interpolation in a section, slice, interval (slide) or cube, classification and construction of synthetic wells is carried out automatically or semi-automatically , considering tectonic disturbances, pinching out and substitution. In the presence of wireframe partitioning of wells, but in the absence of well frames and geophysical and parametric fields, an interactive mode is used for classification. In numerical calculations, in particular, regression with degrees or other nonlinear functions is used. When interpolating, extrapolating, classifying and constructing synthetic wells, the method of searching for connected elements in the property space is used. To calculate reference or synthetic (pseudo-borehole) curves, a pre-formed and dynamically updated standard bank of petrophysical probabilistic-statistical and analytical dependencies of the type “parameter-parameter”, “parameter-sign”, “sign-sign” is used for both borehole and field and geotechnological data. When forming a geological-geophysical and geological-technological model of an oil and gas field based on pseudo-borehole (synthetic) curves, the following criteria are used:
- the known water content of the formation or layer, when the reservoir resistance ρ _{p is} less than or equal to the resistance of the host clay ρ _hl : ρ _p ≤ρ _hl ,
- known oil and gas content, when the total volumetric clay content of the formation C _hl (0-1) and structural coefficient M (0.3-1 from weakly clay to strongly clay rocks) are taken into account:

- predominant oil and gas potential (oil-water; oil more than 50%) when

and the likelihood of oil and gas

where 1≤T <1≤T≤∞; defines the boundary between the categories of predominant oil and gas potential (oil-water) and preferential water content (water-oil), on average T = 2, which corresponds to a 50% probability of oil and gas potential; Δ is the width of the region of uncertainty of the solution;
- primary water content (water-oil, water more than 50%) when

probability of water availability

When calculating the curves of filtration-capacitive and physical properties in reference or synthetic (pseudo) wells or according to seismic data in the selected test volume when studying an oil and gas field, they are used to calculate the porosity K _p from AK

where L _i are the slownesses (values that are inverse velocities): L is in the formation as a whole, L _ck is in the rock matrix, L _fp is in the fluid and along the surface of the pore space, M and A are structural coefficients depending on the structure of the pore space, clay, carbonate, etc. When calculating the curves of filtration-capacitive and physical properties in reference or synthetic (pseudo) wells, dependencies are used to calculate porosity according to neutron methods

where Y _NK - neutron testimony in the formation as a whole, Y _SK - in the rock matrix, Y _f - in the fluid; t and a are structural parameters depending on the type of rock and the structure of the pore space, as well as the type of neutron logging, with multiplicative corrections α, β, γ, θ, ε, φ for eccentricity, casing being introduced in the values of Y _sc and Y _f , cement ring, mud salinity, clay cake, caverns in the wellbore, etc. from the corresponding tables. Usually, the method of two or more supporting formations with known properties and field values is used, from the solution of the equations for which the necessary values of the field readings in the matrix, fluid, structural and correction coefficients are determined, and when calculating the density (or porosity) by SCC, formulas and techniques are used, given earlier. Mostly the most characteristic reference clays are searched for by the minimum of the functional, which depends on the values of PS, HA, resistivity, cavernometry, longitudinal and shear wave velocities, compressibility, HA spectrometry, absorption, attenuation. To calculate the clay content, the dependence of the natural radioactivity Y _tk and clay content Y = R • C ^K _{GL is used} , where K and R are structural coefficients depending on sandiness, siltiness, and mineral composition of clays. When forming a geological-geophysical and geological-technological model of an oil and gas field on the basis of pseudo-bore (synthetic) curves, fracture zones are searched for at the minimum of functional from instantaneous frequency, compressibility, shear and shear wave spacing velocity, Poisson's ratio, resistivity of structural coefficients from electric logging and seismic acoustic the speed of the slow internal pore-fluid wave (type BIO), absorption, attenuation. Usually, after constructing slices, slides, sections, or cubes of interval velocities, Poisson's ratios, compressibility, and pseudoacoustics, the main components of slices, slides, sections, or cubes and the main factors of slices, slides, sections, or cubes are analyzed. If data on potential and quasipotential fields are available, their analytical extensions up and down and transformants (differences, sums, density, magnetic permeability, full normalized gradients, lineament density, etc.) are used in the form of traces - representations by section, slice, slice, or cube as an informative set of source data. In the case of newly drilled wells with well logging and well logging data, after classification, the data obtained is compared with well logging and logging data with the aim of concluding that the forecasts are correct and reliable. If there is electrical information at the place of search, it is tied to the in-depth representation of potential and / or seismic data by extrapolation or interpolation.

 In a preferred embodiment, the proposed method is implemented as follows.

 Form a seismic section, surface section, slice (interval) or cube. Geophysical and geological and technological studies of wells are carried out at the place of search. Transformations are performed over a seismic section, surface section, slice or cube. The same information transformations are carried out over all integrated borehole geophysical and geological and technological information. Using the Hilbert transform, sections, surface slices, slides, and cubes of instantaneous frequencies, instantaneous amplitudes, and instantaneous phases are built. Get a set of properties for each point. Similar procedures are carried out on downhole information objects. Along the wellbores, based on the previously obtained properties, the well sections are divided into lithological and technological classes-types, sequentially applying iterative, deterministic and statistical methods for assessing similarities and differences without and with training, record and set the number of classes. Between the wells, a multi-parameter correlation and interpolation of properties are carried out by section, surface section, slide or cube with a given number of classes. All spatial cross-well and near-well objects are classified on the basis of previously obtained properties, resulting in a section, surface cut, slice or cube with a predetermined number of classes, tectonic or lithological-stratigraphic disagreements, a list of the most informative properties, ranked by degree of information. Based on the determination of the dependence of the results of geophysical studies of wells on previously obtained properties, sections or cubes of pseudo-wells with pseudo-well curves are built and, comparing the results with previously known mineral deposits with the same geological structure, they judge the presence of the field and its geological, geophysical, geochemical and technological characteristics . Preferably, after performing the Hilbert transform, pseudoacoustic sections for these quantities are constructed based on models of various physical quantities in the wells or a priori ideas about the minimum and maximum values of these quantities in the wells. Preferably, the classification uses the method of searching for connected elements in the property space or cluster analysis methods. Usually, acoustic stiffness for seismic waves is used as the indicated physical quantities. Mostly after constructing sections or cubes, pseudoacoustics analyze the main components of sections or cubes and the main factors of sections or cubes. Usually, if data on potential fields is available, their analytical continuations and transformants in the form of trace-views in the section or cube are used as additional source data. Mostly, with the well-known data of the GIS and GTI, after classification, the data obtained are compared with the data of the GIS and GTI.

 When implementing the method in the traditional way, geophysical surveys of wells are carried out. Traditional seismic methods also provide a seismic section, surface section, slice or cube. Over the seismic section, surface section, interval (slice) or cube to obtain the characteristics - the properties of each point of the initial spatiotemporal seismic field, standard transformation operations are performed: band-pass filtering with 4-frequency zero-phase trapezoidal filters in different frequency ranges, coherent filtering, homomorphic filtration, homomorphic deconvolution, zero-phase deconvolution, elimination of linear trends in amplitudes and average values of amplitudes. Then, through Hilbert transforms over the initial cut, surface cut, slice, or cube, transformations of instantaneous frequencies, instantaneous amplitudes, and instantaneous phases are obtained as a result of transformations and transformations. The characteristics of each geometrical point of the initial section, slice, slice or cube are obtained in the form of a set of properties, which are a set of values, sections, surface slices, slides or cubes of which were obtained earlier. These properties of points will be considered as coordinates of points in a multidimensional space of properties. The same information transformation is carried out over all available complex borehole, geophysical and geological and technological information. Separately, wells are classified, the classes and their number are identified with a given number of classes, and the cross-hole and near-well correlation and interpolation of the resulting properties are carried out. In these procedures, methods are used to assess the similarities both without training and with training. Based on the previously obtained properties (coordinates of points), objects are classified, preferably using methods of cluster analysis and searching for related elements in the property space. The classification results in a section, surface slice, slice or cube containing a breakdown of points into a predetermined number of classes, lines or surfaces of tectonic or lithologic-stratigraphic disagreements, a list of the most informative properties, ranked by degree of informational content, as well as an assessment of the quality of classification. Based on the results of the classification, the obtained section, surface section, slice or cube is linked to geological, geological-technological or geophysical benchmarks or lithological columns in wells to obtain an extrapolation of geological, geological-technological or geophysical benchmarks or lithological types for the entire section, surface slice, slide or cube. Carry out all the above standard transforming and meaningful operations on wave and potential fields, as well as quasipotential fields, including attracting, recounting up and down and other transformations of potential and quasipotential fields with reference in the form of a deep or temporary trace representation in each geometric point of the original section , surface slice, slice or cube. Classifications of sections, surface sections, slides and cubes are carried out, their reference to geological, geophysical and geological and technological benchmarks, these frames are extrapolated and interpolated to a seismic or potential (quasipotential) section, surface section or cube with the construction of sections, surface sections, slides and cubes of predicted geological and geographical and geological and technological characteristics (properties) and an assessment of their uncertainty. On the basis of the previously obtained parameters of the wells, sections, planar sections, slides or cubes of pseudo-wells with pseudo-well curves are constructed. A pseudo-borehole curve is a forecast curve of a geophysical parameter measured in a real well, defined (predicted) at any place in the earth's crust under the assumption that a well has been drilled there. The forecast can be made in the form of pseudo-seismic traces representation or yew representation. The set of pseudo-borehole curves predicted in any one place of the earth's crust is called pseudo-borehole. The operation of obtaining pseudo-wells consists in creating a mathematical model for each OGT or deep point of another accumulation method (DEM, PRO, ERO, etc.) based on the known and calculated fields of the new field of pseudo-well curves, which is an extrapolation of the set of well logs of reference wells. Logging curves of reference wells are the values of any of the logging characteristics measured in wells: resistance, natural gamma activity, neutron logging, density logging, porosity, velocity, etc. Within the framework of modeling, it is possible to estimate the reliability of obtaining a pseudo-log (pseudo-borehole) section or cube. A pseudo-log curve is a term equivalent to a pseudo-well curve. A pseudo-logging (pseudo-borehole) cube is a collection of pseudo-borehole curves that are cartographically tied to any area of the Earth’s surface like a seismic cube. Each model of the pseudo-borehole curve and the pseudo-well as a whole, generated by operations on seismic traces of CDPs or another accumulation method (DEM, PRO, ERO, etc.) and their transformants and / or trace representations of potential and quasipotential fields and their transformants at each geometric point of the volume under study , is characterized by estimates of the reliability of building the model and makes it possible to implement the classical approach to each pseudo-borehole curve from the position of automatic or manual interpretation of logging methods (GIS): correlation of lithological separation, determination of parameters for reserves assessment and field development. This leads to independent geological and technological solutions confirming the earlier conclusions and to pseudo-logs of a section, slice or cube of the original object (section, slice or cube) for further more reliable interpretation or re-interpretation of geophysical fields and their combination according to the technology described above . Based on a comparison of the results with a known field with a similar geological structure, it is judged on the presence or absence of a field at the place of search and, if there is a field, on its geological, geophysical, geochemical and technological characteristics.

 In the absence of continuous seismic complex, potential or well logging, well logging and lithological characteristics along well bores, selective fragments are preferably used as a reference for vertical and horizontal correlation and interpretation, including on the basis of visual analysis or by numerical values. In the absence of standards for well sections or in interwell and near-wellbore spaces, standardless classifications are predominantly used, including the least open path method. With clustering and classification, variation in the number of classes is possible, and judging by the reliability of the correlation of wells by the number and mutual arrangement of classes. In the absence of characteristics of well logs or well logging curves in some reference wells, it is possible to restore these well logs or well logging curves in some wells according to well data in other wells using regression, deterministic, or any other numerical methods using a complex of well logging data, well logging and field methods . Preferably, in the study of pseudo-wells, the same methods and methods are used as in the study of real wells. Mostly interpolation between wells, correlation or construction of pseudo-wells is carried out within the boundaries of classes, clusters, taxa, tectonic disturbances, or according to calculated calculations or interactive intervals.

 Along with the implementation of the Hilbert transform over the initial section or cube, it is possible to build on the basis of models of various physical quantities in wells or a priori ideas about the minimum and maximum values of these sections, sections, slices, slides or PAK cubes or peak (wavelet) transformations for these quantities. As these values, acoustic rigidity for longitudinal or transverse waves and other quantities (velocities of seismic-acoustic longitudinal and transverse waves and porosity) are preferably used. If there is data on the anomalous values of gravitational and magnetic fields and data on the value of the velocities of longitudinal waves, sections or cubes of these fields and their derivatives are constructed in different directions using standard methods of continuing gravitational and magnetic fields downwards and the transformant of these fields is calculated. Before the classification of objects, their previously defined properties can be subjected to additional analysis of the main components and analysis of the main factors, in particular, the minimum load method. This allows you to choose a set of principal components or major factors explaining a significant part of the variance. As a result, only those properties that are a linear combination of the original properties and linearly independent of each other will be selected from the entire set of properties. The analysis of the section classification resulting from the classification can be carried out using the data from the geophysical and geological-technological study of wells (TIS) and GTI obtained at the stage of formation of the seismic section. In this case, using the GIS and GTI data, the obtained and, therefore, the initial sections can be linked to the GIS and GTI data, as well as extrapolating geological benchmarks to the section. A regression analysis of the dependence of GIS and GTI data on sections and cubes characterizing the properties of objects can be used, or interpolation of GIS and GTI data in the properties space with the construction of sections or cubes of forecasts of GIS and GTI data and estimates of their uncertainty.

 Using the method of component analysis, the above properties can be represented as linear combinations of new linearly independent orthogonal properties - the main components. At the same time, additional information is received on the contribution of the main components to information on the environment. It may turn out that a section of some main component, for example, the first main component, characterizes the geological section much more informative compared to the initial seismic section. As a result, the set of initial properties at each point is replaced by a set of principal components - orthogonal properties, ranked by the degree of contribution to the information about the environment.

 Adding pseudo-logging (pseudo-borehole) curves to the existing section data can significantly increase the information content of the data used for subsequent interpretation of the material with an increase in the accuracy of the forecast for the presence of the field and its characteristics.

 The invention will be further illustrated by the following example.

 When searching for an underground water-saturated stratum in Central Asia, a usual set of seismic surveys was carried out, as well as gravimetric and magnetometric studies. The transformations described above were performed on the obtained seismic wave field - analysis of the power spectrum, calculation of instantaneous dynamic characteristics and other previously mentioned procedures. The above transformations were carried out over potential fields - continuation of fields down and up, obtaining trace representations of potential fields, calculation of derivatives and gradients. The results were used to obtain interval predictions of water availability by pseudo-logging characteristics based on classification in the feature space.

 Lighter in color areas were concentrated in the upper part and in the center of the obtained section, and dark areas were located in the lower part, as well as to the right and left of the center. According to petrophysical and geological concepts, it is precisely the light sections-classes that indicate the water content of the layers (high porosity, low seismic velocities, the absence of high-frequency magnetic anomalies, exits to the near-surface layers in the form of keys in adjacent areas).

 The drilling results confirmed the accuracy of the prediction of the presence of an aquifer.

 Using the proposed method allows to reduce the cost of exploration, increase the efficiency and effectiveness of monitoring the operation of mineral deposits, and also improve the environmental situation in the region of prospecting for deposits by reducing the number of erroneously drilled wells.

Claims (31)

 1. A method of searching for a mineral deposit, characterized in that a framework is formed from sections, cubes and / or slides of reference wells based on the performed drilling operations and the stock of available wells, taking into account the geophysical, geochemical and geotechnological studies of the wells and field geological and geophysical, geochemical and aerospace work, as well as processing and interpretation of geophysical, geochemical and geotechnological information about wells using deterministic and statistical recognition dependencies and methods, including correlation of sections of reference wells, form a correlation model of the entire set of wells based on the use of a framework and a correlation scheme of reference wells using deterministic-statistical dependencies, including dividing the section of wells into lithological and technological types, as well as form trace- and GIS-presented correlation well-logging and borehole-parametric, including pseudo-borehole sections, with a given discreteness of surface sections, slides and cube in for the inter-well and near-well space, form a framework of seismic and complex in deep or temporal scale and sets of sections combined in time and depth, surface sections, slides and cubes, and additionally conduct geophysical and geological and technological studies of wells in the research area, over the information a borehole and geotechnological section, a surface section, a slice and a cube carry out standard transformations, the same information transformations with discrete logging The ith and seismic fields are carried out over all the complex, including geophysical, geochemical and pseudopotential information, using the Hilbert transform, sections, slices, slides and cubes of instant frequencies, instant amplitudes, instant phases and their pseudo-analogs for fields of non-seismic-acoustic nature are constructed, similarly transform well information objects receive sets of properties at each point of the selected investigated spatio-temporal volume, including sets of properties for each point along the trunk in wells, the sections of wells are divided into lithological and technological classes-types, sequentially applying iterative deterministic and statistical methods for assessing similarities and differences without training and learning, fix and set the number of classes, calculate filtration-capacitive and physical properties, multiparameter between the wells correlation, extrapolation and interpolation of properties in a section, slice, slide and cube with a given number of classes, forming frames from reference wells and from geophysical sections, medium calls, slides and cubes, classify spatial, cross-well and near-well objects based on a comparison of the formed frames and previously obtained properties in the wells and in the inter-well and near-well spaces, resulting in a section, cut, slice and cube with a predetermined number of classes, lines and surfaces tectonic and lithological-stratigraphic violations and substitutions, a list of the most informative initial properties-attributes, ranked by degree of informativeness, based on The determined and used deterministic petrophysical, analytical and recognition-statistical dependences of the results of geophysical, geochemical and geotechnological studies of wells on previously obtained attribute properties with the necessary discreteness, calculate and construct sections, sections, slides and cubes of the field model with the reference and most probable paths presented and GIS-represented aggregate sets of borehole and field geological and geophysical, geochemical and geotechnological routes The initial and transformed curves of the effective and initial properties that make up a lot of pseudo-wells form the geological-geophysical and geological-technological models of the field, comparing the obtained results with the history of the field development, the results of newly drilled wells and already known mineral deposits and parts of such deposits with the same geological structure, they judge both the presence of the field and its geological, geophysical, geochemical x and technological characteristics, including the size and category of reserves, the chemical composition of oils and gases, the coefficient of mineral extraction, development recommendations, projected production and production rates, in particular, in the areas of primary, secondary and tertiary impacts on the formation in the case of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in the areas of exploration and exploration of solid minerals and aquifers.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as samples for vertical and horizontal correlation and interpretation using selective fragments of wells and geophysical sections.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that use non-standard classification.  4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the presence of one well, as well as in the presence of a larger number of wells, they are processed, interpreted, correlated, extrapolated and interpolated vertically and horizontally with geophysical and geotechnological fields and their transformants, used in the classification and calculation of parameters, moreover, information about the well and its spatial information fragments are used to create pseudo-standards in different parts of the studied section, section, slice and cube.  5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the absence of reference wells, selective spatial information fragments of geophysical complex and local geophysical, geotechnological fields are used as pseudo etalons for classification, and for quantitative calculations pseudo etalons are imitated from these fragments according to known statistical dependencies or apply standards used in areas with similar geological conditions.  6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the classification is carried out by varying the number of classes.  7. The method according to claims 1-6, characterized in that in the presence of one source geophysical, geochemical and geotechnological field above it, the entire sequence of procedures for transformation, processing, interpretation and calculation of parameters is carried out, they are aligned with wells, if they exist, produce a reference and non-standard classification and judge the geological and technological properties of the reservoir.  8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally restores the characteristics of the well logging and well logging, as well as geochemical studies in wells according to well logging data at other wells using numerical methods using a complex of well logging data, geochemical studies, well logging and field methods.  9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the analytical information is carried out on the information about pseudo-wells, similar to the actions performed on information about real wells.  10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the presence of seismic information at the place of search, the seismic data are recalculated from the temporary to the deep representation with preliminary calculation of the above standard transformants, including the Hilbert transform, PAC and peak transformations, and the obtained information is used for mathematical processing and classification of the received objects.  11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the Hilbert transforms based on interval velocity analysis in wells and seismic data, as well as on the basis of models of various physical quantities in wells and a priori representations of the minimum and maximum values of these values in wells sections of interval, average, and effective velocity, pseudoacoustics, and peak transformations for these quantities and their gradients are constructed, using them to construct field models.  12. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that averaged estimates of technological, geochemical, complex geophysical, local geophysical, for example, wave seismic fields are used as standard transformants, the same for all points of the section intervals, planar sections, slices and cubes.  13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the density, Poisson's ratio, compressibility and acoustic stiffness, amplitude-frequency and phase characteristics, their combinations and transformants for longitudinal and transverse seismic waves, converted waves, and also waves of other types.  14. The method according to p. 11, characterized in that the density, electrical and geomagnetic characteristics of the medium, volume and weight contents of minerals and elements, porosity and permeability, fracture, anisotropy coefficients, as well as other quantitative characteristics of the rock are used as the indicated physical quantities .  15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when interpolating, extrapolating, classifying and constructing synthetic wells, cluster analysis methods are used.  16. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in the absence of an initial continuous lithological separation of wells, the sections of the reference and the entire set of wells are divided into lithological and technological classes-types by cluster analysis methods for the entire initial set of wells based on the initial limited set of benchmarks traced at least on most of all wells visually and by the characteristic numerical values of the well fields, as well as by known selective lithotypes.  17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the breakdown of the well sections into lithological and technological classes is performed by cluster analysis methods along the boreholes of each well in a non-standard manner and according to known horizons, layers and reference layers taken as standards.  18. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the breakdown of the well sections into lithological and technological classes is performed by cluster analysis methods both along each well and throughout the entire set of wells in a non-standard way and across a single set of horizons, formations and reference layers.  19. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in the absence of an initial lithological breakdown of wells, reference clusters are assigned to characteristic fragments of wells along the wellbores.  20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the presence of wireframe splitting of reference wells along wellbores by type classes and the presence of a geophysical, geometric and parametric framework, as well as the framework of multi-parameter correlation, extrapolation, sectional interpolation, slice, slice, cubic classification and construction of synthetic wells is carried out at least semi-automatically, taking into account tectonic disturbances, wedging and substitution.  21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the presence of wireframe partitioning of wells, but in the absence of frames between wells and geophysical and parametric fields, the interactive mode is used for classification.  22. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in numerical calculations, in particular, linear regression, regression with degrees and other non-linear functions are used.  23. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when interpolating, extrapolating, classifying and constructing synthetic wells, the method of searching for connected elements in the property space is used.  24. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for calculating the reference and pseudo-well curves, a pre-formed and dynamically replenished standard bank of petrophysical probabilistic-statistical and analytical dependencies of the type parameter - parameter, parameter - sign, sign - sign for both well and and for field and geotechnological data. 25. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when forming a geological-geophysical and geological-technological model of an oil and gas field on the basis of pseudo-bore curves, the criteria of the known water content of the formation and interlayers are used when the reservoir resistance ρ _{p is} less than or equal to the resistance of the host clay ρ _hl : ρ _p ≤ρ _hl , of known oil and gas content, when the total volumetric clay content of the formation C _hl and structural coefficient M are taken into account: ρ _p ≥ (ρ _hl / C $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{m}}{\text{hl}}$ ), predominantly oil and gas potential (oil - water; oil more than 50%), when

and the likelihood of oil and gas

where 1≤T <∞; defines the boundary between the categories of predominant oil and gas potential (oil - water) and preferential water content (water - oil), on average T = 2, which corresponds to a 50% probability of oil and gas potential; Δ is the width of the region of uncertainty of the solution; primary water content (water - oil, water more than 50%) when

probability of water availability

26. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when calculating the curves of filtration-capacitive and physical properties in the reference and pseudo-wells, as well as according to seismic data in the selected test volume when studying the oil and gas field, they are used to calculate the porosity K _p according to the AK-dependence

where L _i - slowness (values, reciprocal speeds): L - in the reservoir as a whole, L _ck - in the rock matrix, L _fp - in the fluid and on the surface of the pore space;
M and A are structural coefficients, depending on the structure of the pore space, clay, carbonate, etc. 27. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that when calculating the curves of filtration-capacitive and physical properties in the reference, as well as pseudo-wells, they are used to calculate the porosity by neutron dependence methods

where Y _nk - neutron testimony in the reservoir as a whole;
Y _SK - in the matrix of the rock;
Y _{f is} in the fluid;
t and a are structural parameters depending on the type of rock and the structure of the pore space, as well as the type of neutron logging, and in the value of Y _ck and Y _f multiplicative corrections are made α, β, γ, θ, ε, φ, for eccentricity, casing , cement ring, salinity of the drilling fluid, clay cake, cavities in the wellbore, etc. from the corresponding tables.  28. The method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the method of two or more supporting formations with known properties and field values is used, from the solution of the equations for which the necessary values of the field readings in the matrix, fluid, structural and correction factors are determined.  29. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when forming a geological-geophysical and geological-technological model of an oil and gas field based on pseudo-borehole curves, fracture zones are searched for by minimizing the functional of the instantaneous frequency, compressibility, interval velocity of longitudinal and transverse waves, Poisson's ratio , the resistivity of the structural coefficients from electrical logging and seismic acoustics, the speed of the slow internal pore-fluid wave, absorption, attenuation.  30. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after constructing slices, slides, sections and cubes of interval velocities, Poisson's ratios, compressibility and / or pseudo-acoustics, the main components of slices, slides, sections and cubes and the main factors of slices, slices, sections are analyzed and cubes.  31. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that if there is data on potential and quasipotential fields, their analytical extensions up and down and transformants in the form of trace representations in the section, slice, slice and cube are used as an informative set of source data, and if there is electrical exploration information, it is tied to the in-depth representation of potential and seismic data through extrapolation and interpolation.  32. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of the appearance of newly drilled wells with GIS and GTI data after classification, the obtained data are compared with GIS and GTI data with the aim of concluding that the forecasts are correct and reliable.