CN111239823A - Method for identifying distribution of invaded rocks - Google Patents
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- CN111239823A CN111239823A CN202010128831.2A CN202010128831A CN111239823A CN 111239823 A CN111239823 A CN 111239823A CN 202010128831 A CN202010128831 A CN 202010128831A CN 111239823 A CN111239823 A CN 111239823A
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magma rock space distribution identification method in the field of oil exploration, in particular to an identification method of invasion rock distribution. The method comprises the following steps: 1) wave field forward analysis is carried out to determine the reflection characteristics of the invaded rock; 2) separating the invaded rock wave field by applying wavelet reconstruction technology; 3) sensitive attribute analysis is carried out to determine the plane distribution of the invaded rock; 4) and quantitatively predicting the thickness of the invaded rock. The invention has the beneficial effects that: under the condition that the distribution of the magma invaded rocks is complex, the spatial distribution of the invaded rocks can be extracted and identified through multi-method comprehensive constraint and effective information; 2. the invention realizes the purpose of identifying the thickness of the thin layer invaded rock by establishing the quantitative relation between the sensitive attribute and the thickness of the invaded rock.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a magma rock space distribution identification method in the field of oil exploration, in particular to an identification method of invasion rock distribution.
(II) background of the invention
Invaded rocks are rocks formed by the migration of magma deep in the crust or in the upper mantle towards the surface layer of the crust and cooling and solidifying in the crust.
The invaded rock is usually high-speed compact rock, and the density is generally 2.6-2.9 g/cm3The speed range is generally 5000 to 6000 m/s. The density of the sand shale stratum is 2.2-2.5 g/cm3The speed is usually 3000 to 4000 m/s. Therefore, obvious wave impedance difference usually exists between the invaded rock and the sand argillaceous surrounding rock, and the invaded rock and the sand argillaceous surrounding rock usually show the reflection characteristics of medium-low frequency, strong amplitude and good continuity on the seismic section. When the invaded rock invades near the exploration target layer, due to unstable penetrating angle and thickness, the seismic shielding and interference effect covers the reflection characteristic and occurrence of the exploration target layer, and the seismic response of the same stratum interface on two sides of the fault is transversely lostSimilar features of (a). In the construction and interpretation process, the identification of horizons and faults is difficult, and the implementation of oil and gas trapping is influenced.
The conventional rock pulp invasion rock carving method can successfully carve the plane distribution range of the invasion rock and can realize the thickness prediction of the invasion rock. However, when the distribution of the invaded rocks is complex, the physical properties of the rocks are close to those of the surrounding rocks, and the frequency of seismic data is low, the ambiguity of identifying the invaded rocks by the conventional method is increased, and the prediction of the thickness of the invaded rocks is difficult to realize. On the other hand, the purpose of reducing the prediction multi-solution can be achieved through simple combination of multiple methods, but the improvement effect is limited, and effective identification of the spatial distribution rule of the thin layer invaded rock cannot be completed. These problems make the conventional method difficult to identify the invaded rock space under complex conditions.
Disclosure of the invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the identification method of the distribution of the invaded rocks, which can accurately identify and depict the distribution of the magma invaded rocks under the conditions of complex distribution of the magma invaded rocks and low frequency of seismic data.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method of identifying the distribution of invaded rocks comprising the steps of: 1) wave field forward analysis is carried out to determine the reflection characteristics of the invaded rock; 2) separating the invaded rock wave field by applying wavelet reconstruction technology; 3) sensitive attribute analysis is carried out to determine the plane distribution of the invaded rock; 4) quantitatively predicting the thickness of the invaded rock; 5) and (3) calibrating and explaining the earthquake of the invaded rock: performing intrusion rock profile and plane tracking interpretation on seismic data according to seismic reflection characteristics; calibrating the invaded rock identified in the well in seismic data by using time-depth conversion and tracking the top surface of the invaded rock; 6) identifying the phase mutation points of the invaded rock seismic: determining earthquake facies mutation points and distribution of the invaded rock by adopting comparative observation and an along-layer earthquake attribute extraction means to obtain earthquake facies mutation suspected points, and extracting the along-layer time window attribute according to the invaded rock top surface interpretation result to judge and obtain earthquake facies mutation points; the discriminating index of the seismic facies mutation point is as follows: the amplitude change of the adjacent seismic channels is more than 5%, the main frequency change of the adjacent seismic channels is more than 15%, and the change of the dip angle of the same-direction axis on two sides of a certain channel is more than 20%, and the mutation point can be considered when one of the three meets the requirement; 7) fault interpretation: determining the fault position by using the established fault identification mode of the invaded rock development area and the catastrophe points discovered by the invaded rock seismic attribute; and then, the trend of the fault is explained by utilizing the distribution condition of the catastrophe points on the seismic attribute plane diagram and combining the knowledge of the regional structural stress field and the fracture development rule.
Further, in the step 1), the reflected wave field characteristics of the invaded rock at the known position are determined by performing forward analysis on the two-dimensional typical seismic profile and forward results of the one-dimensional single-well wave equation.
Further, in the step 2), according to a wave field forward result, a wavelet reconstruction technology is applied to separate the seismic wave field of the invaded rock on a specific scale, and finally a seismic data volume which is consistent with the wave field forward result and can reflect the characteristics of the invaded rock is obtained.
Further, the separation process is as follows: and searching seismic data wave fields with different scales by combining the characteristics of the invaded rock reflection wave field, optimizing one or more scales of seismic wave field data capable of reflecting the information of the invaded rock wave field to obtain seismic data bodies capable of reflecting the characteristics of the thin layer invaded rock wave field in the reservoir, and reconstructing the seismic data bodies.
Further, in the step 3), according to the reflection characteristics of the invaded rock determined in the step 1), sensitive attribute analysis is performed on the data volume obtained in the step 2), so that the plane distribution of the invaded rock is determined.
Further, the sensitive attribute analysis process is as follows: determining the difference between the wave field characteristics of the invaded rock and the reservoir of the surrounding rock through the forward analysis result in the step 1), performing trial calculation on the seismic data body obtained in the step 2), preferably selecting the seismic wave field attribute which can best meet the two conditions by taking the actual drilling result as hard constraint and the geological knowledge of the invaded rock distribution as the basis, and finally preferably selecting the negative amplitude attribute to predict the plane distribution of the invaded rock.
Further, in the step 4), a quantitative relation between the thickness of the invaded rock and the sensitive attribute is established according to the sensitive attribute selected by the seismic data obtained based on the wavelet reconstruction technology in the step 2) and the forward calculation result of the one-dimensional single-well wave equation in the step 1), so that the thickness distribution of the invaded rock is determined.
Further, the process of determining the thickness distribution of the invaded rock is: determining that the existence of the invaded rock has great influence on the amplitude of the reflected wave field according to a forward modeling result given by well data; therefore, sensitive attributes are selected based on wavelet reconstruction data in the step 2), response characteristics of the amplitude attributes of the invaded rocks with different thicknesses are quantitatively analyzed through the prediction results of the thickness of the invaded rock encountered by partial drilling and the amplitude attribute of the well point position by a linear regression method, and in the quantitative relation between the maximum amplitude attribute and the thickness of the invaded rock, the thickness of the invaded rock and the maximum amplitude value have a good linear relation within the thickness range of the invaded rock of 0-100m, and the correlation coefficient can reach 0.91; based on the thickness, the thickness of the invaded rock determined in the step 3) is calculated, so that the spatial distribution of the invaded rock is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the method can comprehensively restrict and extract and identify the spatial distribution of the invaded rocks by multiple methods under the condition that the distribution of the magma invaded rocks is complex; 2. the invention realizes the purpose of identifying the thickness of the thin layer invaded rock by establishing the quantitative relation between the sensitive attribute and the thickness of the invaded rock.
(IV) description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of the intersection of invaded rock thickness with maximum amplitude in the present invention.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The attached drawing is an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for identifying distribution of invaded rocks, which comprises the following steps: 1) wave field forward analysis determines invaded rock reflection signatures.
By performing forward analysis of a two-dimensional typical seismic profile and forward results of a one-dimensional single-well wave equation, the reflected wavefield characteristics of the invaded rock at a known location can be determined.
In this embodiment, a complex case where a thin layer invades the near-formation top boundary of rock is taken as an example for explanation. Through a two-dimensional forward modeling result, it can be found that the reflection characteristics of the invaded rock are wholly annihilated in the side lobe of the strong amplitude of the top of the reservoir, and no obvious interface characteristic exists. It has also been found that invaded rock results in about a 40% increase in amplitude and the formation has a tendency to thicken. In addition, a one-dimensional wave equation simulation analysis is performed on the known well by a full wave field seismic simulation technique. Simulation results show that the presence of invaded rocks significantly enhances seismic amplitude. But the enhancement percentage is not the same for positive and negative amplitudes. The presence of invaded rocks enhanced the positive amplitude by about 30% while the negative amplitude was enhanced by 70%.
2) And (3) separating the invaded rock wave field by applying wavelet reconstruction technology.
And according to the wave field forward result, separating the seismic wave field of the invaded rock on a specific scale by applying a wavelet reconstruction technology, and finally obtaining a seismic data body which is consistent with the wave field forward result and can reflect the characteristics of the invaded rock.
In this example, the separation process is described by taking the complex case of thin layer invasion into the near reservoir top interface as an example:
by applying wavelet transform method, multiple sets of seismic data bodies can be separated from wavelets of different scales. And (2) searching seismic data wave fields of different scales by combining the characteristics of the invaded rock reflection wave field in the step 1), optimizing one or more scales of seismic wave field data capable of reflecting the information of the invaded rock wave field to obtain seismic data bodies capable of reflecting the characteristics of the thin layer invaded rock wave field in the reservoir, and further reconstructing the seismic data bodies. The wavelet reconstruction technology successfully separates the reflected wave field of the invaded rock from the wave field of the stratum top interface, and the space position of the invaded rock is well consistent with the known well.
3) Sensitive property analysis determines the planar distribution of the invaded rock.
According to the reflection characteristics of the invaded rock determined in the step 1), sensitive attribute analysis is carried out on the data body obtained in the step 2), and therefore the plane distribution of the invaded rock is determined.
In this embodiment, the sensitive property analysis is described by taking the complex case of invasion of a thin layer into the top interface of a near reservoir as an example: determining the difference (generally, but not limited to the analysis of amplitude, frequency, phase and structure type attributes) between the wave field characteristics of the invaded rock and the surrounding rock reservoir through the forward analysis result in the step 1), performing trial calculation on the seismic data volume obtained in the step 2), and preferably selecting the seismic wave field attributes which can best meet the two conditions according to the actual drilling result as hard constraint and the geological knowledge of the invaded rock distribution and finally preferably predicting the plane distribution of the invaded rock by using the negative amplitude attribute.
4) And quantitatively predicting the thickness of the invaded rock.
Establishing a quantitative relation between the thickness of the invaded rock and the sensitive attribute according to the sensitive attribute selected by the seismic data obtained by the wavelet reconstruction technology in the step 2) and the forward result of the forward one-dimensional single-well wave equation in the step 1), thereby determining the thickness distribution of the invaded rock.
In this embodiment, a complex case where a thin layer invades into the top interface of the near reservoir will be described as an example. From the forward results given by the well data, it was determined that the presence of invaded rock had a greater effect on the reflected wavefield amplitude. Therefore, sensitive attributes are selected based on wavelet reconstruction data in the step 2), through a linear regression method, according to the thickness of the invaded rock encountered by partial drilling and the prediction result of the amplitude attribute of the well point position, the response characteristics of the amplitude attribute of the invaded rock with different thicknesses are quantitatively analyzed, and in the quantitative relation between the maximum amplitude attribute and the thickness of the invaded rock, the thickness of the invaded rock and the maximum amplitude value have a good linear relation within the thickness range of the invaded rock of 0-100m, and the correlation coefficient can reach 0.91 (as shown in fig. 2). Based on this, the thickness of the invaded rock determined in step 3) can be calculated, thereby obtaining the spatial distribution of the invaded rock.
Claims (6)
1. A method of identifying the distribution of invaded rocks comprising the steps of: 1) wave field forward analysis is carried out to determine the reflection characteristics of the invaded rock; 2) separating the invaded rock wave field by applying wavelet reconstruction technology; 3) sensitive attribute analysis is carried out to determine the plane distribution of the invaded rock; 4) quantitatively predicting the thickness of the invaded rock; 5) and (3) calibrating and explaining the earthquake of the invaded rock: performing intrusion rock profile and plane tracking interpretation on seismic data according to seismic reflection characteristics; calibrating the invaded rock identified in the well in seismic data by using time-depth conversion and tracking the top surface of the invaded rock; 6) identifying the phase mutation points of the invaded rock seismic: determining earthquake facies mutation points and distribution of the invaded rock by adopting comparative observation and an along-layer earthquake attribute extraction means to obtain earthquake facies mutation suspected points, and extracting the along-layer time window attribute according to the invaded rock top surface interpretation result to judge and obtain earthquake facies mutation points; the discriminating index of the seismic facies mutation point is as follows: the amplitude change of the adjacent seismic channels is more than 5%, the main frequency change of the adjacent seismic channels is more than 15%, and the change of the dip angle of the same-direction axis on two sides of a certain channel is more than 20%, and the mutation point can be considered when one of the three meets the requirement; 7) fault interpretation: determining the fault position by using the established fault identification mode of the invaded rock development area and the catastrophe points discovered by the invaded rock seismic attribute; and then, the trend of the fault is explained by utilizing the distribution condition of the catastrophe points on the seismic attribute plane diagram and combining the knowledge of the regional structural stress field and the fracture development rule.
2. The method of identifying an invaded rock distribution of claim 1 further comprising: in the step 1), the reflected wave field characteristics of the invaded rock at the known position are determined by forward analysis of a two-dimensional typical seismic profile and forward results of a one-dimensional single-well wave equation.
3. The method of identifying an invaded rock distribution of claim 1 further comprising: in the step 2), according to the wave field forward result, a wavelet reconstruction technology is applied to separate the seismic wave field of the invaded rock on a specific scale, and finally the seismic data body which is consistent with the wave field forward result and can reflect the characteristics of the invaded rock is obtained.
4. The method of identifying an invaded rock distribution of claim 1 further comprising: the separation process comprises the following steps: and searching seismic data wave fields with different scales by combining the characteristics of the invaded rock reflection wave field, optimizing one or more scales of seismic wave field data capable of reflecting the information of the invaded rock wave field to obtain seismic data bodies capable of reflecting the characteristics of the thin layer invaded rock wave field in the reservoir, and reconstructing the seismic data bodies.
5. The method of identifying an invaded rock distribution of claim 1 further comprising: in the step 3), according to the reflection characteristics of the invaded rock determined in the step 1), sensitive attribute analysis is performed on the data volume obtained in the step 2), so that the plane distribution of the invaded rock is determined.
6. The method of identifying an invaded rock distribution of claim 1 further comprising: in the step 4), a quantitative relation between the thickness of the invaded rock and the sensitive attribute is established according to the sensitive attribute selected by the seismic data obtained based on the wavelet reconstruction technology in the step 2) and the forward result of the one-dimensional single-well wave equation forward in the step 1), so that the thickness distribution of the invaded rock is determined.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111830565A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-10-27 | 中原工学院 | KL-DSW-based TSP multi-wave field separation and noise suppression method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111830565A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-10-27 | 中原工学院 | KL-DSW-based TSP multi-wave field separation and noise suppression method |
| CN111830565B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2023-05-23 | 中原工学院 | KL-DSW-based TSP multi-wave-field separation and noise suppression method |
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Application publication date: 20200605 |