CN104356550A - 阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花 - Google Patents

阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花 Download PDF

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CN104356550A
CN104356550A CN201410647805.5A CN201410647805A CN104356550A CN 104356550 A CN104356550 A CN 104356550A CN 201410647805 A CN201410647805 A CN 201410647805A CN 104356550 A CN104356550 A CN 104356550A
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朱金浩
吴剑飞
陈忠华
曾亮
卢向书
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ZHEJIANG BOTAI PLASTIC CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,由下述工艺制备而得:PVC膜各配方称重后经升温搅拌、密炼、二辊预塑化、过滤、四辊压延、轧花、冷却、印花、风干后卷取得到;其中,PVC膜的配方为:PVC树脂粉100重量份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯20~25重量份、阻燃剂5~7重量份、抑烟剂1~2重量份、钛白粉6~7重量份、钡锌稳定剂3~4重量份、大豆油1~4重量份、胶化促进剂0.1~0.4重量份、碳酸钙25~40重量份。本发明通过将阻燃剂与抑烟剂的有效组合以实现其协同作用,不仅具有优良的阻燃性能,而且也具有很好的抑烟性能,其烟毒性FED≤1,同时可以有效防止发生火灾时大量烟雾对人体的伤害,提高了知识产品的安全性。

Description

阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花
技术领域
本发明涉及一种玻璃装饰贴花,尤其是涉及一种阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花。
背景技术
玻璃制品种类繁多,在日常生活中经常接触到,例如家庭生活需要用到的玻璃杯、茶具、果盘、玻璃餐具以及玻璃酒瓶、花瓶等,还有家居装潢上的平版玻璃壁画、玻璃窗、玻璃门、间隔屏风玻璃等,以及市面上的各种玻璃类艺术品。由于玻璃及玻璃制品的种类不同,其装饰加工的工艺方法也不尽相同,有些玻璃器皿在其表面根据需求将采用平印、曲面印刷或贴花转移等方式;而有些门窗玻璃上的装饰则完全可以通过贴花材料来装饰加工。
玻璃制品与人们的生活密切相关,近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,对玻璃制品的装饰也提出了更高的要求,产品不仅需要外观优美,而且需要有良好的附加性能。
聚氯乙烯(PVC)是目前用途最为广泛的化工材料之一,不论是在化工、轻工、建材行业,还是在机电、纺织等行业上都被大量的使用着,PVC材料也广泛用于玻璃贴花的生产。但是PVC材料存在着容易燃烧的缺陷,且燃烧中还会产生大量的毒烟,现在市场上的玻璃贴花一般不存在阻燃抑烟性,研究发现,火灾中,吸入烟气致死往往占死亡人数的70~75%,使用易燃可燃装饰材料是火灾中致人窒息死亡的主要原因,因此,开发具有阻燃抑烟功能材料是开发新产品的一个重要方向。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供了一种外观优美、附加性能好力学性能好、阻燃性能优、烟毒性优的阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花。 
本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,由下述工艺制备而得:PVC膜各配方称重后经升温搅拌、密炼、二辊预塑化、过滤、四辊压延、轧花、冷却、印花、风干后卷取得到;
其中,PVC膜的配方为:PVC树脂粉100重量份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯20~25重量份、阻燃剂5~7重量份、抑烟剂1~2重量份、钛白粉6~7重量份、钡锌稳定剂3~4重量份、大豆油1~4重量份、胶化促进剂0.1~0.4重量份、碳酸钙25~40重量份;
所述阻燃剂为三氧化二锑,抑烟剂为氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁,其中氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁的重量比为1.5~2.5:1。
为了制备得到有较好的拉伸、撕裂性能以及较优的阻燃性能、烟毒性能,本发明在PVC膜配方中加入抑烟剂,以降低产品在燃烧过程中的产烟量,在压延过程中采用四辊压延。
本发明通过将阻燃剂与抑烟剂的有效组合以实现其协同作用。阻燃剂三氧化二锑在燃烧初期,首先是熔融,其熔点为655℃,在材料表面形成保护膜隔绝空气,通过内部吸热反应,降低燃烧温度。在高温状态下,三氧化二锑被气化,稀释了空气中氧浓度,从而起到阻燃作用。三氧化二锑通过隔断热传导、热辐射、壁面效应等实现其阻燃性能。氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁阻燃抑烟剂是通过提高聚合物的热容,使其在达到热分解温度前吸收更多的热量。从而降低可燃物表面的温度,有效抑制可燃性气体的生成并提高其阻燃性能。因为任何燃烧在较短的时间所放出的热量是有限的,如果能在较短的时间吸收火源所放出的一部分热量,那么火焰温度就会降低,辐射到燃烧表面和作用于将已经气化的可燃分子裂解成自由基的热量就会减少,燃烧反应就会得到一定程度的抑制。根据三氧化二锑和氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁在作用机理上的区别,将其复合使用,可以产生协同作用,并且起到消烟、抑烟的功效。
作为优选,所述PVC膜的配方中还包括若干份色料,可以增加产品的美观性。
作为优选,所述搅拌温度为100~105℃,密炼温度为140~160℃,二辊预塑化温度为180℃,四辊压延温度为170~185℃。
作为优选,所述二辊预塑化后采用150目筛进行过滤。
对于贴花装饰材料,在生产过程中对其表面光洁度有一定的要求。但是在制备过程中往往会出现表面细纹和表面颗粒的产生,不仅影响产品的表面光洁度,而且使后道的印花产生印制不均、疵点等的问题。在实验过程中发现,表面细纹和表面颗粒的出现主要与产品加工原料的粒径有关。搅拌、密炼不充分,会使部分填料或者树脂粉未完全融化,并以颗粒聚集态形式存在,因此造成表面细纹和颗粒的问题。本发明一方面在前道的加工工序中,通过延长搅拌时间,升高搅拌温度,使原料尽可能分散并熔融;另一方面,在密炼的后道,加强了过滤作用,采用150目的滤网对加工产品进行过滤,对一些大颗粒的原料作进一步滤除。
作为优选,制备过程中速度控制为15~30m/min。
作为优选,所述印花过程中选用PVC快干油墨,通过不同套色的分色处理,选用六色凹版进行印制。印刷后通过冷风吹干即可牢固印刷。
作为优选,所述氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁的重量比为1.8~2.1:1。
塑料燃烧成烟常有黑烟白烟之别,黑烟指在缺氧条件下燃烧气体产物中悬浮的固体颗粒;白烟是指蒸气凝结物等悬浮在空气中的微小粒子。PVC 材料的发烟机理为PVC 燃烧中脱氯化氢,生成共轭双键的不饱和烃,接着碳链断裂环化生成石墨化炭粒子,白烟的主要成分是燃烧生成的氯化氢、一氧化碳、二氧化碳等气体及吸附的水蒸汽。氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁对PVC 都有一定的抑烟作用,氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁的消烟作用, 一方面是由于在受热过程中生成的氧化铝和氧化镁有较大的表面积,能吸附烟核和烟粒,达到消烟作用;另一方面,氢氧化铝抑制烟的生成,是由于在固相中,它促进了炭化过程,取代了烟灰形成过程的缘故。一般来说,它的消烟作用大概也是和它在燃烧过程中的脱水吸热有关,因为在凝聚相中,热的消散会减少热解而有利于交联反应的发生。氢氧化镁在高温下脱水,并吸收大量的热,使放热速率减慢,同时它使聚合物表面生成较紧密的炭层,降低了烟中的碳微粒,使发烟量有所下降,另外氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁还可吸收燃烧生成的酸性气体氯化氢,进一步使烟密度等级(SDR)下降。
作为优选,所述二辊预塑化过程中速度控制为25 m/min。
作为优选,所述四辊压延过程中的前辊、中辊、后辊温度分别为185℃、175℃、170℃。
本发明对PVC膜配方的确定、PVC膜的压延工艺等都作了深入的研究分析,既考虑到产品的阻燃性、烟毒性以及力学性能,又考虑到产品生产工艺的可行性以及生产成本。本发明阻燃性符合GB/T 17591-2006中装饰用织物B1级技术要求,拉伸负荷纵向≥18MPa,横向≥13MPa,断裂伸长率纵向≤135%,横向≤70%,撕裂强度纵向≥100kN/m,横向≥68kN/m,烟毒性FED≤1。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明不仅具有优良的阻燃性能,而且也具有很好的抑烟性能,其烟毒性FED≤1,同时可以有效防止发生火灾时大量烟雾对人体的伤害,提高了知识产品的安全性;
2、本发明具备超薄但挺括的特点;
3、本发明产品表面光滑度好,为了达到产品的镜面效果,分别从原料精加工和产品防缩方面进行改进,一方面,通过前期的树脂粉原料筛选以及过程中150目筛网的过滤加工,保证了原来的精细度和杂质的滤除;另一方面,通过对卷曲轮张力的控制,有效控制了产品加工过程中的拉伸应力,防止产品冷却过程中因收缩引起的表面光整度下降;
4、在产品生产的印花工序中,采用高精度的六色凹版印花,使产品对花精准,花纹精细,套色丰富;此外,印花中采用快干型的PVC油墨,仅需冷风吹干即可达到较好的印刷色牢度,降低了能源消耗。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
实施例1
一种阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,由下述工艺制备而得:PVC膜各配方称重后经升温搅拌、密炼、二辊预塑化、过滤、四辊压延、轧花、冷却、印花、风干后卷取得到;
其中,PVC膜的配方为:PVC树脂粉100重量份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯22重量份、阻燃剂6重量份、抑烟剂1.5重量份、钛白粉6.5重量份、钡锌稳定剂3.5重量份、大豆油2重量份、胶化促进剂0.3重量份、碳酸钙32重量份;所述阻燃剂为三氧化二锑,抑烟剂为氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁,其中氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁的重量比为2.1:1。所述PVC膜的配方中还包括若干份色料,可以增加产品的美观性。
本发明工艺路线为:PVC树脂粉配料称重→搅拌(100~105℃)→密炼(140~160℃)→二辊预塑化(180℃,25 m/min)→过滤(150目)→四辊压延(前辊、中辊、后辊温度分别为185℃、175℃、170℃)→镜面轮→轧花→冷却→六色凹版印花→风干→卷取,期间控制速度为15~30m/min。
所述印花过程中选用PVC快干油墨,通过不同套色的分色处理,选用六色凹版进行印制,使产品对花精准,花纹精细,套色丰富;此外,印花中采用快干型的PVC油墨,仅需冷风吹干即可达到较好的印刷色牢度,降低了能源消耗。
本发明通过对添加剂中胶化促进剂和增塑剂配方的优化,同时结合合适的压延加工工艺,使产品的硬度从PHR=26升高到PHR=22,同时产品的厚度从0.12~0.14mm降低到0.075mm,兼顾了产品超薄且硬挺的要求。
根据DIN 5510-2:2009轨道车辆防火保护第2部分:材料及部件的燃烧特性和燃烧伴生现象;分级、要求和测试方法,附录C(规范性附录)-烟气毒性的测定附录D(资料性附录)-气体毒性分析方法指定的程序进行,得到FED值为0.05,符合FED≤1的要求。
根据GB/T 1040.3-2006测试产品的拉伸强度及断裂伸长率,得到拉伸强度为:纵向33.3MPa,横向35.6 MPa;断裂伸长率为:纵向44%,横向24%。
根据QB/T 1130-1991测试产品的直角撕裂强度,得到撕裂强度为:纵向131.5kN/m,横向89.1 kN/m。
根据GB/T 5455-1997测试产品的燃烧性能,得到结果如表1所示:
表1
根据结果可以看出,本发明产品符合标准GB/T 17591-2006中装饰用织物B1级技术要求。
实施例2
参照实施例1,改变PVC膜的配方。PVC膜的配方为:PVC树脂粉100重量份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯20重量份、阻燃剂5重量份、抑烟剂1重量份、钛白粉6重量份、钡锌稳定剂3重量份、大豆油1重量份、胶化促进剂0.1重量份、碳酸钙25重量份;所述阻燃剂为三氧化二锑,抑烟剂为氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁,其中氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁的重量比为2.1:1。所述PVC膜的配方中还包括若干份色料,可以增加产品的美观性。
根据DIN 5510-2:2009轨道车辆防火保护第2部分:材料及部件的燃烧特性和燃烧伴生现象;分级、要求和测试方法,附录C(规范性附录)-烟气毒性的测定附录D(资料性附录)-气体毒性分析方法指定的程序进行,得到FED值为0.08,符合FED≤1的要求。
根据GB/T 1040.3-2006测试产品的拉伸强度及断裂伸长率,得到拉伸强度为:纵向31.6MPa,横向33.2MPa;断裂伸长率为:纵向52%,横向31%。
根据QB/T 1130-1991测试产品的直角撕裂强度,得到撕裂强度为:纵向130.7kN/m,横向79.8 kN/m。
根据GB/T 5455-1997测试产品的燃烧性能,得到结果如表2所示:
表2
根据结果可以看出,本发明产品符合标准GB/T 17591-2006中装饰用织物B1级技术要求。
实施例3
PVC膜的配方为:PVC树脂粉100重量份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯25重量份、阻燃剂7重量份、抑烟剂2重量份、钛白粉7重量份、钡锌稳定剂4重量份、大豆油4重量份、胶化促进剂0.4重量份、碳酸钙40重量份;所述阻燃剂为三氧化二锑,抑烟剂为氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁,其中氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁的重量比为2.1:1。所述PVC膜的配方中还包括若干份色料,可以增加产品的美观性。
根据DIN 5510-2:2009轨道车辆防火保护第2部分:材料及部件的燃烧特性和燃烧伴生现象;分级、要求和测试方法,附录C(规范性附录)-烟气毒性的测定附录D(资料性附录)-气体毒性分析方法指定的程序进行,得到FED值为0.07,符合FED≤1的要求。
根据GB/T 1040.3-2006测试产品的拉伸强度及断裂伸长率,得到拉伸强度为:纵向32.3MPa,横向31.8MPa;断裂伸长率为:纵向49%,横向32%。
根据QB/T 1130-1991测试产品的直角撕裂强度,得到撕裂强度为:纵向128.9kN/m,横向82.1kN/m。
根据GB/T 5455-1997测试产品的燃烧性能,得到结果如表3所示:
表3
根据结果可以看出,本发明产品符合标准GB/T 17591-2006中装饰用织物B1级技术要求。
实施例4
考察了抑烟剂中不同氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁的重量比的影响,其结果如表4所示:
表4
本发明将氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁进行复配使用,其效果优于单一成分的使用,可能是由于吸热温度范围上的相互补充,使得产品的燃烧性能进一步降低了。氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁对PVC都具有一定的阻燃及抑烟效果,但氢氧化铝的阻燃性比氢氧化镁的阻燃性稍好,而氢氧化镁的抑烟性却较氢氧化铝的消烟作用更好一些。从表4可以看出来,当氢氧化铝与氢氧化镁的重量比达到2.1:1时,其综合达到的效果是最优的。
本发明不仅具有优良的阻燃性能,而且也具有很好的抑烟性能,其烟毒性FED≤1,同时可以有效防止发生火灾时大量烟雾对人体的伤害,提高了知识产品的安全性。

Claims (9)

1.一种阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,其特征在于由下述工艺制备而得:PVC膜各配方称重后经升温搅拌、密炼、二辊预塑化、过滤、四辊压延、轧花、冷却、印花、风干后卷取得到;
其中,PVC膜的配方为:PVC树脂粉100重量份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯20~25重量份、阻燃剂5~7重量份、抑烟剂1~2重量份、钛白粉6~7重量份、钡锌稳定剂3~4重量份、大豆油1~4重量份、胶化促进剂0.1~0.4重量份、碳酸钙25~40重量份;
所述阻燃剂为三氧化二锑,抑烟剂为氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁,其中氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁的重量比为1.5~2.5:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,其特征在于:所述PVC膜的配方中还包括若干份色料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,其特征在于:所述搅拌温度为100~105℃,密炼温度为140~160℃,二辊预塑化温度为180℃,四辊压延温度为170~185℃。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,其特征在于:所述二辊预塑化后采用150目筛进行过滤。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,其特征在于:制备过程中速度控制为15~30m/min。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,其特征在于:所述印花过程中选用PVC快干油墨,通过不同套色的分色处理,选用六色凹版进行印制。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,其特征在于:所述氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁的重量比为1.8~2.1:1。
8.根据权利要求3所述的阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,其特征在于:所述二辊预塑化过程中速度控制为25 m/min。
9.根据权利要求3所述的阻燃抑烟玻璃装饰贴花,其特征在于:所述四辊压延过程中的前辊、中辊、后辊温度分别为185℃、175℃、170℃。
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