CN104355728A - Application of slightly-soluble salt pond crystals as plant fertilizer - Google Patents

Application of slightly-soluble salt pond crystals as plant fertilizer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104355728A
CN104355728A CN201410564366.1A CN201410564366A CN104355728A CN 104355728 A CN104355728 A CN 104355728A CN 201410564366 A CN201410564366 A CN 201410564366A CN 104355728 A CN104355728 A CN 104355728A
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China
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
salt pond
slightly soluble
crystallisate
slightly
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CN201410564366.1A
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张永宏
高公略
王挺
朱文谨
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Huaihai Institute of Techology
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Huaihai Institute of Techology
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Priority to CN201410564366.1A priority Critical patent/CN104355728A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/002—Apparatus for sowing fertiliser; Fertiliser drill

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses application of slightly-soluble salt pond crystals as a plant fertilizer. A method for using the slightly-soluble salt pond crystals as the plant fertilizer comprises the following steps: spreading the slightly-soluble salt pond crystals onto the surface of soil, or deeply ploughing the slightly-soluble salt pond crystals into the soil as a base fertilizer in combination with a harrow, or ditching for row applying and hole applying, or using the slightly-soluble salt pond crystals as a seeding fertilizer in combination with a seeding process, with the using amount of 23g/m<2>; in the using process, rinsing the slightly-soluble salt pond crystals to remove chlorine salts first and then using the slightly-soluble salt pond crystals as the fertilizer. The slightly-soluble salt pond crystals are better inorganic compound fertilizer and can comprehensively provide calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer, sulfur fertilizer and potassium fertilizer for plants; the slightly-soluble salt pond crystals can be obtained on site and are renewable resources and low in cost; according to local conditions, waste are turned into treasures, so that a long-term misunderstanding that the slightly-soluble salt pond crystals are taken as wastes and must be cleared away is solved.

Description

A kind of salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is as the purposes of vegetable fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to preparing salt by working up seawater product reutilization technology field, particularly relate to the purposes of a kind of salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate as vegetable fertilizer.
Background technology
It is produce with preparing salt by working up seawater that salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is also called saline and alkaline, by degree Beaume degree be 2 ° of B é seawater introduce salt pond expose to the weather, start when reaching 17 ° of B é bottom salt pond, produce slightly soluble crystalline mineral (locality is named saline and alkaline), start to tie salt when reaching 25 ° of more than B é, salt is on saline and alkaline, owing to not affecting receipts salt, do not cause everybody concern.
To slightly soluble crystalline mineral salt bottom salt, former people lack research to it, think that slightly soluble crystallisate can cause very large harm to plant-growth as saline soil bottom salt pond, all top layer 1m are cleaned out as saline soil.Subject study through me proves: bottom salt, slightly soluble crystalline mineral salt is different from saline-alkali soil, favourable to plant-growth, favourable to the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil, at all without the need to cleaning out, but also being the valuable production means such as fertilizer, cement, changing the traditional concept of people.At the bottom of salt pond, the saline and alkaline shape that is translucent, is mainly monoclinic crystal, is hexagonal crystal on a small quantity, is slightly soluble in water.
Existing vegetable fertilizer is mainly as follows:
(1) current calcareous fertilisers: principal item is lime (comprising unslaked lime, white lime and limestone powder), gypsum, most of phosphate fertilizer (as fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, calcium superphosphate etc.), part nitrogenous fertilizer (as nitrocalcite, lime nitrogen etc. also all contain a considerable amount of calcium).
(2) current sulfur fertilizer: principal item is sulphur ammonium, sulphur, gypsum, calcium superphosphate.
(3) current fertiliser containing magnesium: fertiliser containing magnesium divides water-soluble fertiliser containing magnesium and microsolubility fertiliser containing magnesium.The former comprises magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassic-magnesian fertilizer; The latter mainly contains ammonium magnesium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, rhombspar and magnesite.
(4) current potash fertilizer: mainly contain Repone K, account for more than 90% of potash fertilizer output; Next is potassium sulfate and langbeinite, accounts for 8% ~ 10%; The kiln ash potash fertilizer etc. reclaimed in plant ash potash fertilizer and manufacture of cement on a small quantity.
Saline and alkaline energy provides calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium, sulfur fertilizer, potash fertilizer for plant, simultaneously and saline-alkali soil have essential difference, during use, saline and alkaline is first washed away except villaumite with water punching one, is re-used as fertilizer, through test, the crop growing state preference using saline and alkaline to shed some, because saline and alkaline belongs to slightly soluble mineral salt, can as long-effect plant fertilizer, we by cultivating peanut, spinach, garlic bolt experiment find, really so.Saline and alkaline energy provides following several fertilizer for plant:
1 calcareous fertilisers
Calcium is one of essential nutrient element of plant-growth, and the calcium content of most of soils is higher, can meet the needs of most of crop under normal condition.Vegetables suction calcium amount is larger, belong to happiness calcium crop, more than wheat several times, simultaneously vegetables have that growth cycle is shorter, output is high, multiple crop index high, therefore on Vegetable produce, the physiological disease that normal generation causes nutritional trouble to cause due to calcium deficiency, saline and alkaline is good calcareous fertilisers, is used by local farmers, and this fertilizer not only can promote the robust growth of crops and vegetables, improve the yield and quality, also obviously can improve soil group grain pattern, activate the nutritive element be fixed in soil, culture fertility, impel crop root flourishing healthy and strong, leaf look dark green.
2 fertiliser containing magnesiums
Magnesium is the important composition element of chlorophyll and multiple enzyme, participates in the multinomial metabolism in body, promotes plant growth, improves crop yield and quality.Agricultural becomes clear day by day to the requirement of magnesium.Fertiliser containing magnesium mainly contains MgCl 2and MgSO 4, use magnesium sulfate effect more lasting, saline and alkaline is the MgSO containing some amount 4.
3 sulfur fertilizers
Sulphur is the required nutritive element of plant, executes sulphur and can improve crop yield and oil recovery enhancement.Execute sulphur can improve root nodule bacterium raw amount, strengthen the nitrogen fixing capacity of leguminous forage, sulphur can also improve cold-resistant, the drought-resistant ability of crop.Saline and alkaline main component is gypsum, sulfur-bearing composition up to 18.6%, to soil without acidification, can life-time service, base manure can be made, to topdress and seed manure uses.
4 potash fertilizer
Potassium, in plant growth and development process, participates in photosynthesis, anabolism, multiple enzyme activation effect, and potassium can also strengthen the abilities such as the disease and insect resistance of crop, resistant to lodging, anti-problem soils environment, drought resisting, cold-resistant and heat resistanceheat resistant, improves the yield and quality of crop.The potash fertilizer of China can not meet agricultural needs far away, and Potash Resources is mainly containing potassium bittern.
Containing a small amount of Repone K in saline and alkaline, Repone K is soluble in water, is quick acting fertilizer, directly can absorb for plant.Repone K is chemically neutral, physiological acidic fertilizer, is comparatively suitable for saline-alkali soil fertilising.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to provide the purposes of a kind of salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate as vegetable fertilizer.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Salt pond of the present invention slightly soluble crystallisate is as the purposes of vegetable fertilizer, described salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is as follows as the using method of vegetable fertilizer: slightly soluble crystallisate throwing in salt pond removed and impose on soil surface, or combine and plough rake and plough deeply to bury and make base manure, or trench digging row replacement, spread manuer in holes, also can be used as seed-fertilizer applying in conjunction with sowing, usage quantity is 23g/m 2.
During use, by salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate first with water punching, remove villaumite, be re-used as Fertilizer application.
Described salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is translucent shape, is mainly monoclinic crystal, is hexagonal crystal on a small quantity, is slightly soluble in water.
The ion content of described salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is as shown in the table:
The ion content of table 1 salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate
SO in table 4 2-, Ca 2+, Mg 2+three kinds of ions are that dissolving with hydrochloric acid measures, and in table, other ion is water-soluble obtaining, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, SO 4 2-three kinds of positive and negative mole number sums of ion are+0.033, should by CO 3 2-ion balances, CO 3 2-ion and hydrochloric acid reaction define CO 2gas, is difficult to after acid-soluble measure.Four kinds of ion four kinds of mineral salts capable of being combined, due to CaCO 3be insoluble in water, other is all slightly soluble in water, from the most stable, and CO 3 2-radical ion should be all from CaCO 3in out, mainly form three kinds of mineral salts, have two kinds with crystal water, be respectively CaSO 42H 2o, MgSO 47H 2o, CaCO 3, CaSO 42H 2o crystal mole number should be 0.5476-0.033=0.5145, and quality is 0.5145 × 172.1=88.554g, and the rest may be inferred by analogy, and calculation result is in table 2.
The precipitation mineral salt of table 2 salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate and free ion content
Salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate, has the following advantages as fertilizer compared with existing various fertilizer:
(1) slightly soluble crystallisate in salt pond is good inorganic composite fertilizer, comprehensively can provide calcareous fertilisers, fertiliser containing magnesium, sulfur fertilizer, potash fertilizer for plant.
(2) lime is comparatively applicable in acid soil, and uses the validity that too much can reduce the micronutrient element such as boron, zinc and cause salting of soil to harden.And salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate belongs to physiological acidity, use as calcareous fertilisers, utilize saline and alkaline middle acid group (SO 4 2-) alkali in sweetening of the soil solution, utilizable calcium ion (Ca again 2+) be swapped out sodium ion (Na in soil +), the sodium sulfate (Na of formation 2sO 4), soluble in water, the soil body can be discharged with water.The formation of calcium colloid, makes soil physico-chemical property be improved, compares and be suitable in saline-alkali soil.
(3) elementary sulfur in sulfur fertilizer is oxidized to sulfuric acid by thiobacillus, H+ is had to generate, the various sulfur fertilizer of long-term application can cause soil acidification, various sulfur fertilizer is on the impact of pH value: sulphur ammonium >=elementary sulfur > gypsum, salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate main component is gypsum, uses, to soil without acidification as sulfur fertilizer, can life-time service, base manure can be made, to topdress and seed manure uses.
(4) the fertiliser containing magnesium MgSO containing some amount in salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate 4, MgSO wherein 4use as fertiliser containing magnesium, effect is more lasting.
(5) contain a small amount of Repone K in salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate, Repone K is soluble in water, is quick acting fertilizer, and directly can absorb for plant, Repone K is chemically neutral, physiological acidic fertilizer, is comparatively suitable for saline-alkali soil fertilising.
(6) because salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate belongs to slightly soluble crystalline mineral salt, can use as controlled availability fertilizer.
(7) slightly soluble crystallisate in salt pond directly can shed Tanaka, is easy to use.
(8) can gather materials on the spot, cost is lower;
(9) saline and alkaline belongs to renewable resources, as long as carry out Salt production, bottom salt pond, just continuous crystallization goes out saline and alkaline, and production vegetable fertilizer materials are more, energy consumption is comparatively large, make full use of the requirement that saline and alkaline can meet green economy development well;
(10) suit measures to local conditions, turn waste into wealth: the saline and alkaline foreign material belonged in Salt production, can affect quality and the collection of the main products salt (NaCl) in salt pond, need periodic cleaning; When salt pond transforms arable land, land use for greening, engineering land used into, past people, to saline and alkaline its shortage research, all clean out top layer 1m as saline soil.Saline and alkaline land occupation of cleaning, affects environment.Proof is studied: saline and alkaline is excellent saline-alkali soil modifying agent through us, the valuable production means, the administration idea that our seminar proposes initiatively " suit measures to local conditions, fully utilize ", solve the long-term mistaken ideas of " people must clear up as refuse saline and alkaline ", and just the comprehensive utilization of saline and alkaline proposes a set of effective Application way.
Embodiment
The following examples describe in further detail of the present invention.
Salt pond of the present invention slightly soluble crystallisate is as the purposes of vegetable fertilizer, described salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is as follows as the using method of vegetable fertilizer: slightly soluble crystallisate throwing in salt pond removed and impose on soil surface, or combine and plough rake and plough deeply to bury and make base manure, or trench digging row replacement, spread manuer in holes, also can be used as seed-fertilizer applying in conjunction with sowing, usage quantity is 23g/m 2.
During use, by salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate first with water punching, remove villaumite, be re-used as Fertilizer application.
Described salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is translucent shape, is mainly monoclinic crystal, is hexagonal crystal on a small quantity, is slightly soluble in water.
The ion content of described salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is as shown in table 1, SO in table 4 2-, Ca 2+, Mg 2+three kinds of ions are that dissolving with hydrochloric acid measures, and in table, other ion is water-soluble obtaining, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, SO4 2-three kinds of positive and negative mole number sums of ion are+0.033, should by CO 3 2-ion balances, CO 3 2-ion and hydrochloric acid reaction define CO 2gas, is difficult to after acid-soluble measure.Four kinds of ion four kinds of mineral salts capable of being combined, due to CaCO 3be insoluble in water, other is all slightly soluble in water, from the most stable, and CO 3 2-radical ion should be all from CaCO 3in out, mainly form three kinds of mineral salts, have two kinds with crystal water, be respectively CaSO 42H 2o, MgSO 47H 2o, CaCO 3, CaSO 42H 2o crystal mole number should be 0.5476-0.033=0.5145, and quality is 0.5145 × 172.1=88.554g, and the rest may be inferred by analogy, and calculation result is in table 2.
Saline and alkaline as fertilizer embodiment 1
(1) test fertilizer to select
At present, 1. nitrogenous fertilizer mainly contains: urea, ammonium nitrate, carbon ammonium, ammonium sulfate, nitrocalcite, SODIUMNITRATE, ammonium chloride, liquefied ammonia, ammoniacal liquor phosphate fertilizer.2. calcareous fertilisers mainly contain: lime, gypsum, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, calcium superphosphate, nitrocalcite, lime nitrogen; 3. sulfur fertilizer mainly contains: principal item is sulphur ammonium, sulphur, gypsum, calcium superphosphate; 4. fertiliser containing magnesium mainly contains: magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, ammonium magnesium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, rhombspar and magnesite; 5. potash fertilizer mainly contains: mainly contain Repone K, is secondly potassium sulfate and langbeinite; The kiln ash potash fertilizer etc. reclaimed in plant ash potash fertilizer and manufacture of cement on a small quantity.6. potash fertilizer mainly contains: mainly contain normal superphosphate, double superhosphate and ammonium phosphate.
We select fertilizer, compound manure sulphur ammonium and saline and alkaline carry out Experimental Comparison analysis as fertilizer, and in 2011, carried out fertilizer test in fortune salt river bank, Lianyungang medium cloud area, main experimental comprised: application of organic fertilizers; Use sulphur ammonium; Use saline and alkaline.
(2) effectiveness comparison of three kinds of fertilizer and non-applying fertilizer is used:
Fertilizer comprises various agricultural crop straw, green manure, dung polluted water, xylogen organism, weathered coal, furfural dregs and various humic acidses etc.; Sulphur ammonium mainly utilizes waste gas sulfuric acid or the ammonia absorption synthesis of by product or discharge in industrial production, and current is few; The saline and alkaline by-product waste material belonged in salt manufacturing industry, its main component is gypsum.
In 2011, in fortune salt river bank, medium cloud area, select 4 pieces of 5 × 10m vegetable plots, use 50% green manure+50% dung polluted water for the 1st piece and carry out improved treatment, first organic fertilizer is divided height 15cm Tanaka, then turn in burying and make base manure; Directly shed sulphur ammonium fragment for 2nd piece, usage quantity is 23g/m 2, then turn over to bury and make base manure; Directly shed saline and alkaline for 3rd piece, usage quantity is 23g/m 2, then turn over to bury and make base manure; Any improved treatment is not carried out in 4th piece of vegetable plot.Cultivate peanut in April, 2011, after 5 months, the flower growth important and influential persons in the 1st piece of vegetable plot is better than the peanut growing way of the 4th piece simultaneously, output increased 16.5%; The peanut yield of peanut than the 4th piece in the 2nd piece of vegetable plot improves 21.4%; The peanut in the 3rd piece of vegetable plot is better than the peanut growing way of the 4th piece, output increased 17.7%.In September, 2011 plants spinach and garlic bolt simultaneously, and after two months, the growing way using 3 kinds of fertilizer is better than the growing way of not applying fertilizer.
(3) effectiveness comparison of several fertilizer
Application of organic fertilizers, significantly can reduce the pH of soil, and soil pH is the important factor affecting plant-growth, therefore the plant growing way of application of organic fertilizers is good, do not reduce because of application of organic fertilizers due to saline and alkaline in soil, so application of organic fertilizers just quick result then, carryover effect is not ideal.
Use sulfur fertilizer, in sulfur fertilizer, elementary sulfur is oxidized to sulfuric acid by thiobacillus, has H+ to generate, and better to eliminating soil alkaline effect, the pH of upper soll layer reduces obviously, effectively can promote the growth of plant.
Sulphur ammonium can provide nitrogenous fertilizer simultaneously, increases effect more obvious.If the various sulfur fertilizer of long-term application, sulphur ammonium more can cause the acidification of soil.Use saline and alkaline, because saline and alkaline belongs to slightly soluble salt, fertilizer efficiency is more lasting than sulphur ammonium, also according to the growing way of the pH of soil and plant, can adjust follow-up using dosage.Saline and alkaline as fertilizer, not only cost is low, and does not need purifying treatment and can directly be applied in soil, and method is simple, uses conveniently, owing to being utilization of waste material, as saline-alkali soil modifying agent, and very environmental protection.
Although illustrate and describe embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that and can carry out multiple change, amendment, replacement and modification to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, scope of the present invention is by claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (6)

1. a salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is as the purposes of vegetable fertilizer.
2. salt pond as claimed in claim 1 slightly soluble crystallisate is as the purposes of vegetable fertilizer, it is characterized in that: described salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is as follows as the using method of vegetable fertilizer: slightly soluble crystallisate throwing in salt pond is removed and imposes on soil surface, or combine and plough rake and plough deeply to bury and make base manure, or trench digging row replacement, spread manuer in holes, or be used as seed-fertilizer applying in conjunction with sowing, usage quantity is 23g/m 2.
3. salt pond as claimed in claim 2 slightly soluble crystallisate is as the purposes of vegetable fertilizer, it is characterized in that: during use, by salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate first with water punching, removes villaumite, is re-used as Fertilizer application.
4. salt pond as claimed in claim 1 slightly soluble crystallisate is as the purposes of vegetable fertilizer, it is characterized in that: described salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is translucent shape, is made up of, is slightly soluble in water monoclinic crystal and hexagonal crystal.
5. salt pond as claimed in claim 1 slightly soluble crystallisate is as the purposes of vegetable fertilizer, it is characterized in that: the ion content of described salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate is as shown in the table:
6. salt pond as claimed in claim 1 slightly soluble crystallisate is as the purposes of vegetable fertilizer, it is characterized in that: precipitation mineral salt and the free ion content of described salt pond slightly soluble crystallisate are as shown in the table:
CN201410564366.1A 2014-10-21 2014-10-21 Application of slightly-soluble salt pond crystals as plant fertilizer Pending CN104355728A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102093104A (en) * 2010-12-02 2011-06-15 广东海洋大学 Preparation method of ecological foliar fertilizer for plant
CN102503619A (en) * 2011-09-02 2012-06-20 天津科技大学 Method for preparing compound fertilizer from salt manufacturing mother liquor
CN103833441A (en) * 2012-11-24 2014-06-04 中国海洋大学 Preparation and application of novel plant nutrition supplement agent

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102093104A (en) * 2010-12-02 2011-06-15 广东海洋大学 Preparation method of ecological foliar fertilizer for plant
CN102503619A (en) * 2011-09-02 2012-06-20 天津科技大学 Method for preparing compound fertilizer from salt manufacturing mother liquor
CN103833441A (en) * 2012-11-24 2014-06-04 中国海洋大学 Preparation and application of novel plant nutrition supplement agent

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
化学工业部图书编辑室: "《化学工业概论》", 28 February 1965 *
白由路等: "《测土配方施肥原理与实践 基于高效土壤养分测试技术》", 30 September 2007 *

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