CN104352739A - 一种用于治疗细菌性痢疾的中药 - Google Patents

一种用于治疗细菌性痢疾的中药 Download PDF

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CN104352739A
CN104352739A CN201410726783.1A CN201410726783A CN104352739A CN 104352739 A CN104352739 A CN 104352739A CN 201410726783 A CN201410726783 A CN 201410726783A CN 104352739 A CN104352739 A CN 104352739A
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于治疗细菌性痢疾的中药,它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成:当归6份、瓜蒌9份、薤白头5份、炒川黄连6份、广木香6份、炙升麻6份、桂枝3份、炒白术5份。临床实验证明,本发明能够安全有效治疗细菌性痢疾。

Description

一种用于治疗细菌性痢疾的中药
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药,具体涉及一种用于治疗细菌性痢疾的中药。
背景技术
定义
细菌性痢疾简称菌痢。是志贺菌属(痢疾杆菌)引起的肠道传染病。临床表现主要有发冷、发热、腹痛、腹泻、里急后重、排黏液脓血样大便。中毒性菌痢起病急骤、突然高热、反复惊厥、嗜睡、昏迷、迅速发生循环衰竭和呼吸衰竭,而肠道症状轻或无,病情凶险。菌痢常年散发,夏秋多见,是我国的常见病、多发病。本病有有效的抗菌药治疗,治愈率高。若疗效欠佳或慢性患者变多,可能是未经正规治疗、未及时治疗、使用药物不当或耐药菌株感染。
病因
1.传染源
传染源包括患者和带菌者。患者中以急性、非急性典型菌痢与慢性隐匿型菌痢为重要传染源。
2.传播途径
痢疾杆菌随患者或带菌者的粪便排出,通过污染的手、食品、水源或生活接触,或苍蝇、蟑螂等间接方式传播,最终均经口入消化道使易感者受感染。
3.人群易感性
人群对痢疾杆菌普遍易感,学龄前儿童患病多,与不良卫生习惯有关;成人患者同机体抵抗力降低、接触感染机会多有关,加之患同型菌痢后无巩固免疫力,不同菌群间以及不同血清型痢疾杆菌之间无交叉免疫,故造成重复感染或再感染而反复多次发病。
临床表现
潜伏期一般为1~3天(数小时至7天),流行期为6~11月,发病高峰期在8月。分为急性菌痢、慢性菌痢和中毒性菌痢。
1、急性菌痢
典型病变过程分为初期的急性卡他性炎,后期的假膜性炎和溃疡,最后愈合。主要有全身中毒症状与消化道症状,可分成四型:
(1)普通型 起病急,有中度毒血症表现,怕冷、发热达39℃、乏力、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、里急后重。稀便转成脓血便,每日数十次,量少,失水不显著。一般病程10~14天。
(2)轻型 全身中毒症状、腹痛、里急后重均不明显,可有低热、糊状或水样便,混有少量黏液,无脓血,一般每日10次以下。粪便镜检有红、白细胞,培养有痢疾杆菌生长,可以此与急性肠炎相鉴别。一般病程3~6天。
(3)重型 有严重全身中毒症状及肠道症状。起病急、高热、恶心、呕吐,剧烈腹痛及腹部(尤为左下腹)压痛,里急后重明显,脓血便,便次频繁,甚至失禁。病情进展快,明显失水,四肢发冷,极度衰竭,易发生休克。
(4)中毒型 此型多见于2~7岁体质好的儿童。起病急骤,全身中毒症状明显,高热达40℃以上,而肠道炎症反应极轻。这是由于痢疾杆菌内毒素的作用,并且可能与某些儿童的特异性体质有关。中毒型菌痢又可根据不同的临床表现分为三型。
2、慢性菌痢
菌痢患者可反复发作或迁延不愈达2个月以上,部分病例可能与急性期治疗不当或致病菌种类(福氏菌感染易转为慢性)有关,也可能与全身情况差或胃肠道局部有慢性疾患有关。主要病理变化为结肠溃疡性病变,溃疡边缘可有息肉形成,溃疡愈合后留有瘢痕,导致肠道狭窄,若瘢痕正在肠腺开口处,可阻塞肠腺,导致囊肿形成,其中贮存的病原菌可因囊肿破裂而间歇排出。分型如下:
(1)慢性隐伏型 病人有菌痢史,但无临床症状,大便病原菌培养阳性,作乙状结肠镜检查可见菌痢的表现。
(2)慢性迁延型 病人有急性菌痢史,长期迁延不愈,腹胀或长期腹泻,黏液脓血便,长期间歇排菌,为重要的传染源。
(3)慢性型急性发作 病人有急性菌痢史,急性期后症状已不明显,受凉、饮食不当等诱因致使症状再现,但较急性期轻。
3、中毒性菌痢
起病急骤,有严重的全身中毒症状,但肠道病变和症状较轻微。儿童多发,一般见于2~7岁。可出现中毒性休克或因呼吸衰竭而死亡。病原菌多为褔氏或宋内氏痢疾杆菌。
诊断
1.接触史
近周内有不洁的饮食史或与菌痢病人密切接触史。
2.急性腹泻
伴有发冷、发热、腹痛、腹泻、里急后重,排黏液脓血便,左下腹有压痛。
3.血象
白细胞总数和中性粒细胞增加。
4.粪便常规
黏液脓血便。镜检有大量脓细胞、红细胞与巨噬细胞。粪便细菌培养可分离到痢疾杆菌。粪便免疫检测示痢疾杆菌抗原阳性。
5.急性中毒型菌痢
起病急骤,突然高热,反复惊厥,嗜睡,昏迷,迅速发生呼吸衰竭。肠道症状轻或缺如。
6.慢性菌痢
过去有菌痢病史,多次典型或不典型腹泻两个月以上。
本发明所涉及药材研究现状如下:
当归【来源】 本品为伞形科植物当归Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels 的干燥根。秋末采挖,除去须根及泥沙,待水分稍蒸发后,捆成小把,上棚,用烟火慢慢熏干。【性味】 甘、辛,温。【归经】 归肝、心、脾经。【功能主治】 补血活血,调经止痛,润肠通便。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕心悸,月经不调,经闭痛经,虚寒腹痛,肠燥便秘,风湿痹痛,跌扑损伤,痈疽疮疡。酒当归活血通经。用于经闭痛经,风湿痹痛,跌扑损伤。【用法用量】 6~12g。
瓜蒌【来源】 为葫芦科植物栝楼的果实。霜降至立冬果实成熟,果皮表面开始有白粉并为淡黄色时,即可采收。连果柄剪下,将果柄编结成串,先堆积屋内2~3天,再挂于阴凉通风处晾干(2个月左右);然后剪去果柄,用软纸逐个包裹,以保持色泽。防止撞伤破裂,否则易生虫发霉。【性味】 味甘;微苦;性寒【归经】 归肺;胃;大肠经
【功能主治】 清热化痰;宽胞散结;润燥滑肠。主肺热咳嗽;胸痹;消渴;便秘;痈肿疮毒【用法用量】9-20g。
 薤白头【来源】 本品为百合科植物小根蒜Allium macrostemon Bge.或薤Allium chinensis G. Don的干燥鳞茎。夏、秋二季采挖,洗净,除去须根,蒸透或置沸水中烫透,晒干。【性味】 辛、苦,温。【归经】 归肺、胃、大肠经。【功能主治】 通阳散结,行气导滞。用于胸痹疼痛,痰饮咳喘,泄痢后重。【用法用量】 5~9g。
炒川黄连【来源】  为毛茛科植物峨嵋野连的根茎。以立冬后(11月)采收为宜。掘出后除去茎叶、须根及泥土,晒干或烘干,撞去粗皮。
【炮制】 炒黄连:将黄连片以文火炒至表面呈深黄色为度,取出放凉。【性味】 苦,寒。【归经】 归心、脾、胃、肝、胆、大肠经。【功能主治】 清热燥湿,泻火解毒。用于湿热痞满,呕吐吞酸,泻痢,黄疸,高热神昏,心火亢盛,心烦不寐,血热吐衄,目赤,牙痛,消渴,痈肿疔疮;外治湿疹,湿疮,耳道流脓。酒黄连善清上焦火热。用于目赤,口疮。姜黄连清胃和胃止呕。用于寒热互结,湿热中阻,痞满呕吐。萸黄连舒肝和胃止呕。用于肝胃不和,呕吐吞酸。【用法用量】 2~6g。外用适量。
 
广木香【来源】 本品为菊科植物木香Aucklandia lappa Decne. 的干燥根。秋、冬二季采挖,除去泥沙及须根,切段,大的再纵剖成瓣,干燥后撞去粗皮。【性味】 辛、苦,温。【归经】 归脾、胃、大肠、三焦、胆经。【功能主治】 行气止痛,健脾消食。用于胸脘胀痛,泻痢后重,食积不消,不思饮食。煨木香实肠止泻。用于泄泻腹痛。【用法用量】 1.5~6g。
炙升麻【来源】 本品为毛茛科植物大三叶升麻Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom. 、兴安升麻Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.)Maxim . 或升麻Cimicifuga foetida L. 的干燥根茎。秋季采挖,除去泥沙,晒至须根干时,燎去或除去须根,晒干【炮制】 取炼蜜用适量开水稀释后,加入升麻片,拌匀,闷透,置锅内,用文火加热,炒至不粘手时,取出放凉,每升麻100kg,用炼蜜25kg。【性味】 辛、微甘,微寒。【归经】 归肺、脾、胃、大肠经。【功能主治】 发表透疹,清热解毒,升举阳气。用于风热头痛,齿痛,口疮,咽喉肿痛,麻疹不透,阳毒发斑;脱肛,子宫脱垂。【用法用量】 3~9g。
桂枝【来源】 本品为樟科植物肉桂 Cinnamomum cassia Presl的干燥嫩枝。春、夏二季采收,除去叶,晒干,或切片晒干。【性味】 辛、甘,温。【归经】 归心、肺、膀胱经。【功能主治】 发汗解肌,温通经脉,助阳化气,平冲降气。用于风寒感冒,脘腹冷痛,血寒经闭,关节痹痛,痰饮,水肿,心悸,奔豚。【用法用量】 3~9g。
炒白术【来源】 本品为菊科植物白术Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.的干燥根茎。冬季下部叶枯黄、上部叶变脆时采挖,除去泥沙,烘干或晒干,再除去须根。【炮制】 炒白术:将蜜炙麸皮撒入热锅内,待冒烟时加入白术片,炒至焦黄色、逸出焦香气,取出,筛去蜜炙麸皮。每 100kg白术片,用蜜炙麸皮10kg。【性味】 苦、甘,温。【归经】 归脾、胃经。【功能主治】 健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。土白术健脾,和胃,安胎。用于脾虚食少,泄泻便溏,胎动不安。【用法用量】 5~10g。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种用于治疗细菌性痢疾的中药,通过选择合适的药材及其配比,达到安全有效治愈细菌性痢疾的目的。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种用于治疗细菌性痢疾的中药,其特征在于,它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成:当归6份、瓜蒌9份、薤白头5份、炒川黄连6份、广木香6份、炙升麻6份、桂枝3份、炒白术5份。
发明人认为发明人认为细菌性痢疾多为湿热阻滞肠道,困遏脾阳,使得脾胃运化失常,清浊不分,而成泄泻。 故组配本方。
下面结合临床实验数据说明本发明的有益效果:
1、一般资料
 发明人收集2008年6月一2012年6月收治的急性细菌性痢疾患者120例,所有患者均在流行季节,有饮食不洁史;主要临床表现为腹痛腹泻、里急后重、脓血便;粪便检查有大量脓细胞(或白细胞≥15个/HPF),且有红细胞和吞噬细胞。将120例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例。治疗组男35例,女25例;发热38例,恶心呕吐34例;大便≤每天10次32例,>每天10次28例;无脱水35例,轻度脱水17例,中度脱水8例。对照组男31例,女29例;发热36例,恶心呕吐32例;大便≤每天10次29例,大便>每天10次31例,无脱水35例,轻度脱水19例,重度脱水6例。2组性别、年龄、病情等一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
2 治疗方法
2组患者入院后均给予静脉补液、纠正水电解质酸碱平衡紊乱、解痉等治疗,在此基础上治疗组口服本发明按照具体实施例1制得的煎剂,每日3次。对照组给予头孢噻肟钠(安徽威尔曼药业生产,规格:2g)4.0g加入生理盐水250ml静脉滴注。2组疗程均为3d(个别病例治疗需延长至5d左右),且治疗后均进行大便常规和血常规复查。观察2组临床疗效.
3 疗效评定标准
治愈:腹泻止,无腹部疼痛或不适,无恶心呕吐,无发热乏力,无低钾等其他临床症状,大便常规正常,血常规正常;好转:临床症状、大便常规、血常规3项好转或其中1项尚未正常;无效:抗感染输液治疗3d,临床症状、大便常规、血常规未见好转。总有效率=(治愈+好转)/总例数× 100% 。
4 统计学方法计数资料以率(%)表示,组问比较采用检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
5结果
治疗组总有效率为96.67%高于对照组的83.33% ,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
可见,本发明制得的药物能够安全有效治疗细菌性痢疾,具有推广价值。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解和实施本发明,下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明。
具体实施例1
称取:当归6g、瓜蒌9g、薤白头5g、炒川黄连6g、广木香6g、炙升麻6g、桂枝3g、炒白术5g;加8倍量水,煎煮1.5小时,过滤;滤渣加6倍量水,煎煮1小时,过滤;合并滤液,浓缩至120克,即得符合正常成人一天用量的煎剂。
用于治疗细菌性痢疾。口服,每日分早中晚三次服用。
具体实施例2
称取:当归6g、瓜蒌9g、薤白头5g、炒川黄连6g、广木香6g、炙升麻6g、桂枝3g、炒白术5g;加10倍量水,煎煮2小时,过滤;滤渣加8倍量水,煎煮1.5小时,过滤;合并滤液,浓缩,干燥,包装,即得符合正常成人一天用量的散剂。
用于治疗细菌性痢疾。口服,每日服用一次。
具体实施例3
称取:当归6g、瓜蒌9g、薤白头5g、炒川黄连6g、广木香6g、炙升麻6g、桂枝3g、炒白术5g;加6倍量水,煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,合并煎煮液,浓缩,干燥,装入胶囊壳,即得符合正常成人一天用量的胶囊剂。
用于治疗细菌性痢疾。口服,每日分早晚两次服用。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于治疗细菌性痢疾的中药,其特征在于,它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成:当归6份、瓜蒌9份、薤白头5份、炒川黄连6份、广木香6份、炙升麻6份、桂枝3份、炒白术5份。
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