CN104347876B - 一种带有硫化铝外壳的二硫化钼纳米粉末材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种带有硫化铝外壳的二硫化钼纳米粉末材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium sulfide Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[S-2].[S-2].[S-2] COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 101710116850 Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase 2 Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料及其制备方法,属于纳米材料制备技术领域。该纳米粉末材料为核壳结构,内核为MoS2纳米颗粒,外壳为Al2S3层;所述MoS2内核的粒径为10~100nm,所述Al2S3外壳层为非晶Al2S3层,其厚度为1~10nm。本发明采用等离子电弧放电法,将钼粉和铝粉按一定原子百分比压制成块体作为阳极材料,采用石墨作为阴极材料,引用氩气和硫化氢气作为工作气体,阴极与阳极之间保持一定距离,阴阳极之间起电弧放电,即得带有Al2S3外壳的MoS2纳米粉末材料。本发明制备过程简单、无后处理工序及成本低,易于实现工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MOS2)纳米粉末材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
金属硫化物是一类非常重要的半导体材料。金属硫化物纳米材料在光催化材料、发光材料、非线性光学材料和光敏传感器材料等方面的广阔应用前景引起人们强烈的研究兴趣。硫化物半导体在我们的生产与生活中起到了越来越重要的作用。作为一种有独特性质的MoS2,亦引起人们特别关注,因为当温度超过其临界温度时,MoS2会产生磁性和导电性能的转变。在太阳能电池、加氢脱硫催化反应,以及光电导材料和锂-硫电池阴极材料等方面都有着广泛的应用。目前,多种形貌的MoS2纳米材料被相继合成出来,如纳米晶、纳米棒、三角状纳米棱柱、三维花状等。然后由于MoS2纳米材料在应用中由于体积收缩变化带来的破裂问题已经严重影响到MoS2纳米材料的实际应用。为了更好的解决这一问题,研究人员采用了核壳结构这一特殊的微观结构,给MoS2纳米材料包裹上一层外壳,以达到保护作用。现在被广泛应用的外壳材料为碳材料,但是碳材料无法为S离子的传输提供足够平滑的通道。因此,开发一种硫化物外壳的MoS2纳米材料,已经成为现在的研究热点。经检索表明,带有Al2S3外壳的MoS2纳米粉末材料未见报导。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料及其制备方法。
本发明提供了一种带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料,该纳米材料为核壳结构,内核为二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米颗粒,外壳为硫化铝(Al2S3)层;所述MoS2纳米颗粒内核的粒径为10~100nm,所述Al2S3外壳层为非晶Al2S3层,其厚度为1~10nm。
本发明还提供了上述带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料的制备方法,该材料是利用等离子体电弧放电技术,在工作气体下原位制备得到;其中:
采用石墨电极为阴极,钼铝粉末块体为阳极靶材,阴极石墨电极与阳极钼铝粉末块体之间保持2~30mm的距离;电弧放电的电压为10~40V;工作气体为氩气和硫化氢气体。
所述阳极为钼铝粉末块体,将钼粉和铝粉在压强1Mpa~1Gpa下压制成块体作为等离子电弧炉的阳极材料,所述阳极材料中钼所占的原子百分比为95~99%。
所述工作气体氩气的分压为0.01~0.5Mpa,硫化氢气体的分压为0.01~0.3MPa。
相对于现有技术,本发明的突出优点在于:
1)本发明首次制备出了带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料;
2)本发明制备过程条件简单,易于控制,为带有Al2S3外壳的MoS2纳米粉末材料的实际应用提供了条件;
3)本发明所制备纳米粉末材料,由于Al2S3外壳的存在能有效控制MoS2纳米颗粒在充放电过程之中的破裂问题,使带有Al2S3外壳的MoS2纳米粉末材料成为锂-硫电池负极强有力的候选材料。
附图说明
图1为制备本发明带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料的装置示意图;
其中:1、上盖;2、阴极;3、阀;4、靶;5、观察窗;6、挡板;7、铜阳极;8、夹头;9、石墨坩埚;10、直流脉动电源;a、冷却水;b、氩气;c、硫化氢气。
图2为本发明制备的带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料的X-射线衍射(XRD)图谱;
根据JCPDS PDF卡片(JCPDS卡,No.77-1716),可以检索出所得带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料主相为MoS2晶相构成;由于Al2S3是非晶态,且处于外壳,所以XRD无法检测出Al2S3相。
图3为本发明制备的带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料的透射电子显微镜(TEM)图像;
从图中可以看出所得产物具有核壳结构,MoS2纳米颗粒内核的粒径为10~100nm,Al2S3层的厚度为1~10nm。
图4为本发明所制备的带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料的高分辨透射电子显微镜图像;
从图中可以看出所得带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料内核为MoS2,外壳为非晶的Al2S3外壳。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述,但本发明不局限于下述实施例。
实施例1
将图1所示的装置上盖1打开,用石墨作阴极2固定在夹头8上,所消耗阳极靶材4的成分为纯钼粉与纯铝粉(原子比99:1)压成的块体,放在通冷却水的铜阳极7上,在通冷却水的铜阳极和靶材之间是石墨坩埚9。阴极石墨电极与阳极钼铝粉末块体之间保持30mm的距离。盖上装置上盖1,通冷却水a,通过阀3把整个工作室抽真空后,通入氩气b和硫化氢气c,氩气的分压为0.5Mpa,硫化氢气的分压为0.3Mpa,接通直流脉动电源10,电压为40V。弧光放电过程中调节工作电流与电压保持相对稳定。制得带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料,具有核壳结构,晶态MoS2纳米颗粒内核的粒径为10~100nm,非晶Al2S3层的厚度为1~10nm。
实施例2
将图1所示的装置上盖1打开,用石墨作阴极2固定在夹头8上,所消耗阳极靶材4的成分为纯钼粉与纯铝粉(原子比95:5)压成的块体,放在通冷却水的铜阳极7上,在通冷却水的铜阳极和靶材之间是石墨坩埚9。阴极石墨电极与阳极钼铝粉末块体之间保持2mm的距离。盖上装置上盖1,通冷却水a,通过阀3把整个工作室抽真空后,通入氩气b和硫化氢气c,氩气的分压为0.01Mpa,硫化氢气的分压为0.01Mpa,接通直流脉动电源10,电压为10V。弧光放电过程中调节工作电流与电压保持相对稳定。制得带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料,具有核壳结构,晶态MoS2纳米颗粒内核的粒径为10~100nm,非晶Al2S3层的厚度为1~10nm。
实施例3
将图1所示的装置上盖1打开,用石墨作阴极2固定在夹头8上,所消耗阳极靶材4的成分为纯钼粉与纯铝粉(原子比98:2)压成的块体,放在通冷却水的铜阳极7上,在通冷却水的铜阳极和靶材之间是石墨坩埚9。阴极石墨电极与阳极钼铝粉末块体之间保持10mm的距离。盖上装置上盖1,通冷却水a,通过阀3把整个工作室抽真空后,通入氩气b和硫化氢气c,氩气的分压为0.1Mpa,硫化氢气的分压为0.1Mpa,接通直流脉动电源10,电压为20V。弧光放电过程中调节工作电流与电压保持相对稳定。制得带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料,具有核壳结构,晶态MoS2纳米颗粒内核的粒径为10~100nm,非晶Al2S3层的厚度为1~10nm。
实施例4
将图1所示的装置上盖1打开,用石墨作阴极2固定在夹头8上,所消耗阳极靶材4的成分为纯钼粉与纯铝粉(原子比97:3)压成的块体,放在通冷却水的铜阳极7上,在通冷却水的铜阳极和靶材之间是石墨坩埚9。阴极石墨电极与阳极钼铝粉末块体之间保持10mm的距离。盖上装置上盖1,通冷却水a,通过阀3把整个工作室抽真空后,通入氩气b和硫化氢气c,氩气的分压为0.1Mpa,硫化氢气的分压为0.1Mpa,接通直流脉动电源10,电压为20V。弧光放电过程中调节工作电流与电压保持相对稳定。制得带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料,具有核壳结构,晶态MoS2纳米颗粒内核的粒径为10~100nm,非晶Al2S3层的厚度为1~10nm。
实施例5
将图1所示的装置上盖1打开,用石墨作阴极2固定在夹头8上,所消耗阳极靶材4的成分为纯钼粉与纯铝粉(原子比98:2)压成的块体,放在通冷却水的铜阳极7上,在通冷却水的铜阳极和靶材之间是石墨坩埚9。阴极石墨电极与阳极钼铝粉末块体之间保持10mm的距离。盖上装置上盖1,通冷却水a,通过阀3把整个工作室抽真空后,通入氩气b和硫化氢气c,氩气的分压为0.2Mpa,硫化氢气的分压为0.2Mpa,接通直流脉动电源10,电压为30V。弧光放电过程中调节工作电流与电压保持相对稳定。制得带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料,具有核壳结构,晶态MoS2纳米颗粒内核的粒径为10~100nm,非晶Al2S3层的厚度为1~10nm。
实施例6
将图1所示的装置上盖1打开,用石墨作阴极2固定在夹头8上,所消耗阳极靶材4的成分为纯钼粉与纯铝粉(原子比98:2)压成的块体,放在通冷却水的铜阳极7上,在通冷却水的铜阳极和靶材之间是石墨坩埚9。阴极石墨电极与阳极钼铝粉末块体之间保持20mm的距离。盖上装置上盖1,通冷却水a,通过阀3把整个工作室抽真空后,通入氩气b和硫化氢气c,氩气的分压为0.4Mpa,硫化氢气的分压为0.1Mpa,接通直流脉动电源10,电压为30V。弧光放电过程中调节工作电流与电压保持相对稳定。制得带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料,具有核壳结构,晶态MoS2纳米颗粒内核的粒径为10~100nm,非晶Al2S3层的厚度为1~10nm。
实施例7
将图1所示的装置上盖1打开,用石墨作阴极2固定在夹头8上,所消耗阳极靶材4的成分为纯钼粉与纯铝粉(原子比98:2)压成的块体,放在通冷却水的铜阳极7上,在通冷却水的铜阳极和靶材之间是石墨坩埚9。阴极石墨电极与阳极钼铝粉末块体之间保持20mm的距离。盖上装置上盖1,通冷却水a,通过阀3把整个工作室抽真空后,通入氩气b和硫化氢气c,氩气的分压为0.1Mpa,硫化氢气的分压为0.1Mpa,接通直流脉动电源10,电压为40V。弧光放电过程中调节工作电流与电压保持相对稳定。制得带有硫化铝(Al2S3)外壳的二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米粉末材料,具有核壳结构,晶态MoS2纳米颗粒内核的粒径为10~100nm,非晶Al2S3层的厚度为1~10nm。
Claims (1)
1.一种带有硫化铝外壳的二硫化钼纳米粉末材料,该纳米材料为核壳结构,内核为二硫化钼纳米颗粒,外壳为硫化铝层,所述二硫化钼纳米颗粒内核的粒径为10~100nm,所述硫化铝外壳层为非晶硫化铝层,其厚度为1~10nm;其特征在于,该材料是利用等离子体电弧放电技术,在工作气体下原位制备得到;
其中:采用石墨电极为阴极,钼铝粉末块体为阳极,阴极石墨电极与阳极钼铝粉末块体之间保持2~30mm的距离;电弧放电的电压为10~40V;工作气体为氩气和硫化氢气体;所述阳极材料中钼所占的原子百分比为95~99%;所述氩气的分压为0.01~0.5MPa,硫化氢气体的分压为0.01~0.3MPa。
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