CN1043447A - 多相催化合成放热反应用反应器 - Google Patents

多相催化合成放热反应用反应器 Download PDF

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CN1043447A
CN1043447A CN89109777A CN89109777A CN1043447A CN 1043447 A CN1043447 A CN 1043447A CN 89109777 A CN89109777 A CN 89109777A CN 89109777 A CN89109777 A CN 89109777A CN 1043447 A CN1043447 A CN 1043447A
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尤姆伯托·萨尔迪
吉奥吉欧·帕格尼
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Casale SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
    • C01C1/0423—Cold wall reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0407—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
    • B01J8/0415—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/152—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00194—Tubes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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Abstract

一种用于多相合成的反应器，其中
——筒形壳体与催化框基本上相互独立，
——至少将第一个顶部框安装在中间框上面，而该中间框又被装在与所述筒形壳体成一体的密封圈上，所述两个结合在一起的框的底部曲面与反应器底部曲面方向相反，
——所述第一个顶部床中，有一个收集器装在框外壁与筒壳体内壁之间，
——所述的中间床中，有一个骤冷收集器装在构成框的圆筒形内壁内，
——一个气/气热交换器，至少位于最靠近反应器中反应后热气体出口的那个催化框的圆筒形壁内的中心部位。

Description

本发明是关于一种用于压力下，多相催化合成放热反应的反应器，特别是用于氨、甲醇等催化合成反应的反应器。该反应器由一个外壳体、一个内筒，几个由同轴园筒壁围成并可装有颗粒催化剂的框构成的催化床-的框包括位于顶部和底部的两个框以及至少一个位于中间的框-节和传递反应热的装置所构成。
申请人在其众多的专利中，已对上述类型的的反应器作过描述。尤其是在US4372920号基本专利中，第一次对目前这种众所周知的、被称为“轴向一径向流”的反应器作了说明。在US4405562号专利中，申请人介绍了一种用于轴向一径向流催化床的特殊类型的热交换器。此外，在其最近的US4755362号专利中，公开了一种通过对传统的轴向流动反应器进行现场改造，使其成为轴向一径向流反应器，从而达到降低能耗目的的系统。
在一份最近的专利申请中，申请人描述了一种反应器。这种反应器带有骤冷作用，气体在催化床中按轴向一径向流动方式流动，且其中的框与筒的壳体相互独立。这种反应器中的择优结构是有三个绝热床，两个中间骤冷器，底部装有一个气/气热交换器。气体离心流动穿过前两个催化床，再向心流动穿过第三个催化应。
选用这种择优实施方案，各个床之间可以不必采用凸缘连接方式。但当框与筒的壳体为一整体时，这种凸缘连接是必不可少的。
在另一申请中，介绍了一种特殊的解决方案，即将框的底部倒置安装，这样可充分利用有效体积。在该方案中，气体在第一框中向外流动，在其它的框中向内流动。反应器构造包括三个床，一个骤冷器，一个换热器，还可有一个底部热交换器。
经过不断研究，申请人现在发现可把这一方案独有的特征移用于骤冷式反应器（无换热器）上，使其在构造和操作上具有明显的优点，即结构更简单，更容易操作，费用也更低。
在主权利要求和说明书叙述部分描述的反应器具有上述的和其它方面的优点。该反应器的特征是：
-筒形壳体与催化框基本上相互独立;
-至少将第一个顶部框安装在中间框上面，而该中间框又被装在与所述筒形壳体成一体的密封圈上，所述两个结合在一起的框的底部曲面与反应器底部曲面方向相反;
-所述第一个顶部床中，有一个收集器装在框外壁与筒壳体内壁之间;
-所述的中间床中，有一个骤冷收集器装在构成框的园筒形内壁内;和
-一个气/气热交换器，至少位于最靠近反应器中反应后热气体出口的那个催化框的园筒形壁内的中心位置。
在本发明的第一个实施方案中，反应器包括三个床，顶部床外缘上装有骤冷收集器，骤冷气体向心流动，中间床安装在密封圈上，支撑着第一个顶框，该中间床内壁内装有骤冷收集器，骤冷气体离心流动，第三个床内装有穿过床中心的气/气热交换器，合成气和骤冷气从顶部输入，反应后气体从底部流出。
在本发明的第二个实施方案中，骤冷收集器装在顶部床的外缘上，中间框的内壁内也装有骤冷收集器，一个气/气热交换器穿过顶、中两床的中心部位，合成气由底部输入，骤冷气从顶部输入，反应后气体出口位于顶部。
本发明的各个方面和其优点将通过对附图所示的较好的，但并非限制性实施方案的说明得到更详细的阐述。两幅附图是示意性的局部剖视图。
图1和2中，CF表示外壳体;CU是内筒;L1，L2，L3是三个催化床，每个床由基本上是穿孔的外壁P1e、P2e、P3e和内壁P1i、P2i、P3i所构成;CQ1和CQ2是将骤冷气Q1和Q2输送到收集器CO1和CO2的导管;EX是气/气热交换器;Q1I、Q2I和GI分别是骤冷气和合成气的入口;CO1和CO2是骤冷气体收集-分配器;S12是床L1在床L2顶部的支撑，S2CU是L2在筒是L2在筒壳的圈上的支撑。
在图1中，骤冷气体Q1和Q2从顶部输入（入口Q1I，Q2I在Q1I的后方）并通过导管CQ1，CQ2分别到达收集器CO1和CO2，收集器CO1和CO2各自位于L1的外缘上（相当于P1i的顶部）和L2的内部（在P2i的顶部）。因此骤冷气Q1是向外流动的，而第二骤冷Q2是向内流动的。
L1的框安装在位于L2顶部的支撑S12上，所以与筒壳体CU是分离的，而所述的第二个床L2是安装在与壳体CU成一体的密封圈S2CU上;采用这种方式，第二和第三床之间很容易达到密封。图1中，热交换器EX穿过第三床L3，反应后气体从底部GO流出。EH是电加热器，BPGI是气体进入反应器的旁路。
图2中，骤冷气Q1和Q2及第一和第二床的支撑与图1相同，但合成气GI从底部输入，反应后气体GO从顶部流出，第三骤冷器CQ。将冷气体输入第一催化床L1上部的环形空间内，热交换器EX穿过L2和L1两个催化床。
在不影响本发精神或目的的情况下，可对所述实施方案进行各种改造和改进。

Claims (3)

1、一种用于压力下，多相催化合成放热反应，特别是氨、甲醇等催化合成反应的反应器，该反应器由一个外壳、一个内筒、几个由同轴园筒壁围成并可装有颗粒催化剂的框构成的催化床
-所说的框包括位于顶部和底部的两个框，以及至少一种位于中间的框-和调节及传递反应热的装置构成，其特征是：
-筒形壳体与催化框基本上相互独立；
-至少将第一个顶部框安装在中间框上面，而该中间框又被装在与所述筒形壳体成一体的密封圈上，所述的两个结合在一起的框的底部曲面与反应器底部曲面方向相反，
-所述第一个顶部床中，有一个收集器装在框外壁与筒壳体内壁之间，
-所述的中间床中，有一个骤冷收集器装在构成框的园筒形内壁内，
-一个气/气热交换器，至少位于最靠近反应器中反应后热气体出口的那个催化框的园筒形壁内的中心位置。
2、根据权利要求1所述的反应器，其特征是，所述反应器包括三个床，顶部床的外缘上装有骤冷收集器，其中骤冷气体向心流动，中间床安装在密封圈上，并支撑着所述的第一个顶部框，该中间床的内壁内装有骤冷收集器，其中骤冷气体离心流动，第三个床的中心部位装有气/气热交换器，合成气及骤冷气从顶部输入，反应后气体由底部流出。
3、根据权利要求1所述的反应器，其特征是：顶部床的外缘上装有骤冷收集器，中间框的内壁内也装有骤冷收集器，一个气/气热交换器穿过上述两床的中心位置，合成气由底部输入，骤冷气从顶部输入，反应后气体出口位于顶部。
CN89109777A 1988-12-09 1989-12-09 多相催化合成放热反应用反应器 Expired - Fee Related CN1027576C (zh)

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AT (1) ATE68992T1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2005078A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE68900388D1 (zh)
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CH678286A5 (zh) * 1989-03-09 1991-08-30 Ammonia Casale Sa
DE4303471A1 (de) * 1993-02-06 1994-08-11 Noell Dbi Energie Entsorgung Reaktor für exotherme katalytische Gasreaktionen
EP1991613A4 (en) * 2006-02-22 2009-12-23 Ls Cable Ltd PROPYLENE RESIN COMPOSITION WITH FLAME RESISTANCE AND ABRASION STRENGTH
EP2610001A1 (en) * 2011-12-27 2013-07-03 Ammonia Casale S.A. Adiabatic multi-bed catalytic converter with inter-bed cooling and a related process
EP2759338A1 (en) 2013-01-29 2014-07-30 Ammonia Casale S.A. Adiabatic multi-bed catalytic converter with inter-bed cooling
EP2887001A1 (en) 2013-12-18 2015-06-24 Casale Sa Tube heat exchange unit for internals of heat exchangers or reactors
FR3015965B1 (fr) 2013-12-26 2016-02-05 Abdol Hossein Naderi Convertisseur d'ammoniac comportant une paroi tubulaire interne
EP3115338A1 (en) 2015-07-07 2017-01-11 Casale SA A method for revamping an ammonia converter
EP3401006A1 (en) 2017-05-11 2018-11-14 Casale Sa Multi-bed catalytic converter with inter-bed cooling
BR112021017387A2 (pt) 2019-03-06 2021-11-16 Casale Sa Método para renovação de um conversor catalítico

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IN165082B (zh) * 1985-05-15 1989-08-12 Ammonia Casale Sa
EP0297474B1 (en) * 1987-07-03 1992-04-01 Ammonia Casale S.A. Improved process for heterogeneous synthesis and related reactors
EP0332757A3 (en) * 1987-12-24 1990-03-07 Ammonia Casale S.A. Converters for heterogeneous catalytic synthesis, particularly for ammonia and methanol, under pressure

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DE68900388D1 (de) 1991-12-05
UA8086A (uk) 1995-12-26
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EP0376000A1 (en) 1990-07-04
RU1831368C (ru) 1993-07-30
CN1027576C (zh) 1995-02-08
ATE68992T1 (de) 1991-11-15
JPH02277540A (ja) 1990-11-14
CA2005078A1 (en) 1990-06-09

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