CN104340237A - 铁路轴箱组件和包括该组件的铁路轴箱 - Google Patents

铁路轴箱组件和包括该组件的铁路轴箱 Download PDF

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CN104340237A
CN104340237A CN201410534389.8A CN201410534389A CN104340237A CN 104340237 A CN104340237 A CN 104340237A CN 201410534389 A CN201410534389 A CN 201410534389A CN 104340237 A CN104340237 A CN 104340237A
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journal box
box assembly
ring
railroad journal
bearing
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T·勒莫戈恩
L·鲍林
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SKF AB
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F15/00Axle-boxes
    • B61F15/20Details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F15/00Axle-boxes
    • B61F15/20Details
    • B61F15/22Sealing means preventing entrance of dust or leakage of oil
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F15/00Axle-boxes
    • B61F15/02Axle-boxes with journal bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72Sealings
    • F16C33/76Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7816Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material
    • F16C33/782Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region
    • F16C33/7826Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material of the sealing region of the opposing surface cooperating with the seal, e.g. a shoulder surface of a bearing ring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72Sealings
    • F16C33/76Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7886Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted outside the gap between the inner and outer races, e.g. sealing rings mounted to an end face or outer surface of a race
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72Sealings
    • F16C33/76Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/80Labyrinth sealings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/063Fixing them on the shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/24Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/26Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly with a single row of rollers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/10Railway vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Sealing Of Bearings (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种铁路轴箱组件,其包括轴承,该轴承包括适于以轴向预紧力安装在轴(12)上的内圈(10)以及适于安装在壳体(16)内的外圈(14),铁路轴箱组件还包括为轴(12)的内端部上的内圈(10)提供轴向支承的垫圈(18)以及设置在垫圈(18)和壳体(16)的内端部之间的密封件(20)。提出了密封件(20)包括弹性密封唇,其以摩擦接触支承在设置于垫圈(18)上的相应的密封表面(22)上。

Description

铁路轴箱组件和包括该组件的铁路轴箱
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铁路轴箱组件,其包括轴承,该轴承包括适于以轴向预紧力安装在轴上的内圈以及适于安装在壳体内的外圈,轴箱组件还包括为轴的内端部上的内环提供轴向支承的垫圈,以及设置在垫圈和壳体的内端部之间的密封件。
背景技术
设置在铁路轴箱的轴承组件中的密封单元必须被设计成在非常苛刻的条件下工作,包括大范围的温度变化,湿度和从外部引入的灰尘或污物,而同时保持密封功能并避免油或润滑脂泄漏出容纳轴承滚子的空间。
迄今为止,人们假定弹性密封件不适合需要高鲁棒性的应用,例如铁路轴箱密封件,摩擦接触会导致密封件在应用中过度磨损,灰尘有可能进入接触面。
因此,现有技术依赖于毡圈或迷宫式密封。
现有的密封件包括可直接安装在轴承上的密封件。然而,这种方案仅适用于圆柱滚子轴承,圆锥滚子轴承或紧凑型圆锥滚子轴承,由于轴承的特定机械结构是必要的,它不能用于其它类型的轴承。
此外,已知的是,在垫圈和壳体或后盖之间采用机加工迷宫式密封。此迷宫可以被定位成使得各部件在轴向或径向上彼此接合。原则上,小间隙避免了大部分的外部入侵。然而,这种密封的效率与迷宫内的间隙的大小直接相关。然而,必须考虑公差和允许的位移,使得间隙必须足够大,以安全地避免碰撞。迷宫式密封的缺点,除了高制造成本外,还有一个特点是迷宫作为泵,用于将轴承润滑脂移到壳体之外。
密封的传统解决方案是基于在壳体和垫圈之间的位置使用毡条。这种类型的密封件具有随机效率,这取决于磨损和包括温度、冰、湿度等的环境条件。毡条的目的是避免灰尘侵入。然而,为了提高效率,必须通过轴向地设置在毡条外部的迷宫环来提供保护。毡条产生随时间降低的重要摩擦,经验表明,该组件的使用寿命不足以适用于大部分的现代铁路应用。
发明内容
本发明旨在通过提供一种铁路轴箱组件,以解决现有技术中的上述问题,该铁路轴箱组件在节约成本的同时确保有足够长的使用寿命。
这个目的是通过根据权利要求1所述的一种铁路轴箱组件实现的,并且本发明的有利改进或进一步实施例可以从从属权利要求中得到。
本发明涉及一种铁路轴箱组件,其包括轴承,所述轴承包括适于以轴向预紧力安装在轴上的内圈以及适于安装在壳体内的外圈,该轴箱组件还包括为轴的内端部上的内圈提供轴向支承的垫圈,以及设置在垫圈和壳体的内端部之间的密封件。
提出了密封件包括弹性密封唇,其以摩擦接触支承在设置于垫圈上的相应的密封表面上。本发明人发现,弹性密封件的磨损问题是可以克服的,并且发现因为技术偏见而假定弹性密封件不适合要求高鲁棒性的应用,例如铁路轴箱密封件。
进一步地,提出了密封表面是抗摩擦套筒的表面。使用抗摩擦套筒是有利的,因为它减少了磨损,同时避免了高制造成本,因为它们可以是垫圈的径向外表面高精度加工的结果。此外,一旦抗摩擦套筒磨损就能够对齐进行简单的替换。
在本发明的优选实施例中,所述抗摩擦套筒包括不锈钢套筒,其壁的厚度小于0.5毫米,优选小于0.3毫米,且大于0.1毫米。这种类型的抗摩擦套筒可以用商品名称为“Speedi Sleeve”的套筒。
进一步地,提出了抗摩擦套筒压配在垫圈上。这便于装配,并形成稳固的固定。
作为抗摩擦环的替代或补充,提出了密封表面是涂覆有抗摩擦涂层的表面,其中,所述密封表面可以是前一种情况的抗摩擦环的径向外表面。
在本发明的优选实施例中,所述密封表面是垫圈的径向外表面,特别是其径向最外侧表面。此外,还提出了将密封唇固定在壳体的径向内表面上,并径向向内凸出。相比于密封唇径向向外凸出而密封表面径向向内的其他构造,这种构造有利于密封唇的制造。
在本发明的优选实施例中,所述密封唇是V形环密封。两个或多个密封唇按系列布置,确保了紧密的密封,同时避免了高成本。
本发明的再一个方面涉及一种铁路轴箱,包括如上所述的轴箱组件。
本发明的实施例的以下非限制性的描述以及所附的权利要求和附图以特定组合显示了本发明的多个特征。本领域技术人员将能够很容易地考虑将这些特征进一步组合或者补充组合,以便使如权利要求限定的本发明适应于特定需求。
附图说明
图1示出了铁路轴箱,包括根据本发明实施例的铁路轴箱组件。
图2是图1的细节图。
图3示出了根据本发明第二实施例的铁路轴箱组件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了铁路轴箱,其包括轴承,该轴承包括适于以轴向预紧力安装在轴12上的内圈以及适于安装在壳体16内的外圈14,铁路轴箱还包括为轴12的内端部上的内圈10提供轴向支承的垫圈18,以及设置在垫圈18和壳体16的内端部之间的密封件20。
这里和下文中,术语“轴向内端部”是指朝向相关车轮的轴的端部,与带有端板17的轴向外端部相对。
该轴承是双列滚子轴承,具有分开的内、外圈,其中仅示出了一列。内圈10装配在轴12上并通过端板17夹紧在其上。轴12具有圆形轮廓的内端部,其连续地连接具有径向凸出的凸肩部分27的轴12的大致圆柱形的主体部分。
垫圈18支承内圈10,并且在径向内表面设有台阶。台阶靠在轴12的凸肩27上,并支承由端板的夹紧行为而产生的轴承的轴向负载。垫圈18的密封表面20是筒状的,并径向地位于垫圈18的内表面的台阶的上部。
该轴承可设有附加的、集成的密封件,其包括分别固定于内、外圈上的部件。
如图2中更多细节所示,密封件20包括两个弹性密封唇28、30,它们以摩擦接触支承在设置于垫圈18上的相应的密封表面22上。密封表面22是抗摩擦套筒24的径向外表面。抗摩擦套筒24压配在垫圈18的径向最外侧表面上。
抗摩擦套筒24包括不锈钢套筒,其壁厚为0.28毫米,其径向外侧密封表面22涂覆有抗摩擦涂层26。
密封件20被固定在壳体16的径向内表面的相应的槽32内,并径向向内凸出。
如图2所示,密封件20是V形环密封,其包括轴向内唇28和轴向外唇30,其中轴向内唇28靠在密封表面20上,以便轴向向内偏转,轴向外唇30靠在密封表面20上,以便轴向向外偏转。
因此,轴向外唇30基本上保护轴承不受来自外部的颗粒的侵扰,而轴向内唇基本上防止润滑脂泄漏到外部。
图3示出了本发明的又一个可能的实施例。为了避免重复,下面的描述集中在与图1和2的实施例的差异上,并且读者可以参考图1和2中相似或相同的特征或描述。为了突出相同的功能或概念,相同或相似的标号用于具有相同或非常相似特性的特征。
图2所示的铁路轴箱组件的垫圈18的径向最外侧表面直接涂覆有抗摩擦涂层26,没有如图1中所提供的抗摩擦套筒24。径向外表面在施加涂层26之前被加工。
关于图1和2的实施例中的涂层26,可以使用任何合适的涂层,包括带有干式润滑剂、渗碳氮化、碳化钨、金刚石状碳、黑色氧化物或二硫化钨的涂层。另外,图1的实施例中垫圈18的径向外表面上的套筒24的表面可以被硬化,以确保有足够长的使用寿命。
根据本发明的密封装置确保轴承可靠地防止润滑脂泄漏,且不必在轴承上进行补充保护。然而,如果认为有必要的话,可以提供补充保护,例如在V形环密封外侧轴向地设置迷宫式密封。
本发明的解决方案相比于奇异环或毡条系统,确保低摩擦,而相比于迷宫式系统,密封的紧密性更好,并且基于系统的间隙,即使由于减少成本而降低加工精度的要求的时候,也没有碰撞的风险。
因为没有必要在轴承上附加密封件,所以该轴承的成本可进一步降低,并且轴承的选择可以扩大。
最后,但并非最不重要,根据本发明的轴承特别适合于空间优化和重量减少。

Claims (9)

1.一种铁路轴箱组件,包括:
a.轴承,其包括适于以轴向预紧力安装在轴(12)上的内圈(10)以及适于安装在壳体(16)内的外圈(14);
b.垫圈(18),其为轴(12)的内端部上的内圈(10)提供轴向支承;以及
c.密封件(20),其设置在垫圈(18)和壳体(16)的内端部之间;
其特征在于:
d.密封件(20)包括弹性密封唇(28、30),其以摩擦接触支承在设置于垫圈(18)上的相应的密封表面(22)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁路轴箱组件,其特征在于,所述密封表面(22)是抗摩擦套筒(24)的表面。
3.根据权利要求2所述的铁路轴箱组件,其特征在于,所述抗摩擦套筒(24)包括不锈钢套筒,其壁的厚度小于0.5毫米,优选小于0.3毫米,且大于0.1毫米。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铁路轴箱组件,其特征在于,所述抗摩擦套筒(24)压配在垫圈(18)上。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铁路轴箱组件,其特征在于,所述密封表面(22)是涂覆有抗摩擦涂层(26)的表面。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铁路轴箱组件,其特征在于,所述密封唇(28、30)固定在壳体(16)的径向内表面上,并径向向内凸出。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铁路轴箱组件,其特征在于,所述密封表面(22)是垫圈(18)的径向外表面。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铁路轴箱组件,其特征在于,所述密封唇是V形环密封(20)。
9.一种包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铁路轴箱组件的铁路轴箱。
CN201410534389.8A 2013-07-31 2014-07-31 铁路轴箱组件和包括该组件的铁路轴箱 Pending CN104340237A (zh)

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EP13306107.7 2013-07-31
EP13306107.7A EP2833011A1 (en) 2013-07-31 2013-07-31 Railway axlebox assembly and railway axlebox including the same

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CN109733434A (zh) * 2019-01-07 2019-05-10 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 用于变轨距轮对的密封装置及变轨距轮对
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