CN104334329A - 用于注射成型热塑性极部件的方法和用于实施所述方法的模具 - Google Patents

用于注射成型热塑性极部件的方法和用于实施所述方法的模具 Download PDF

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CN104334329A
CN104334329A CN201380027552.5A CN201380027552A CN104334329A CN 104334329 A CN104334329 A CN 104334329A CN 201380027552 A CN201380027552 A CN 201380027552A CN 104334329 A CN104334329 A CN 104334329A
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injection
mould
thermoplastic
injection gate
gate
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A·克拉斯卡
D·根奇
D·贝德纳络斯基
L·马里诺斯基
尚文凯
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ABB Technology AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14549—Coating rod-like, wire-like or belt-like articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B29C45/2701—Details not specific to hot or cold runner channels
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14639—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles for obtaining an insulating effect, e.g. for electrical components
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/14836—Preventing damage of inserts during injection, e.g. collapse of hollow inserts, breakage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
    • B29C45/2701—Details not specific to hot or cold runner channels
    • B29C45/2708—Gates
    • B29C2045/2714—Gates elongated, e.g. film-like, annular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
    • B29C45/2701—Details not specific to hot or cold runner channels
    • B29C45/2708—Gates
    • B29C2045/2716—The gate axis being perpendicular to main injection axis, e.g. injecting into side walls of a container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/26—Moulds
    • B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
    • B29C45/2701—Details not specific to hot or cold runner channels
    • B29C2045/2722—Nozzles or runner channels provided with a pressure sensor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C45/27—Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14008—Inserting articles into the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及根据权利要求1和9的前序部分所述的利用模具注射成型热塑性极部件的方法以及实施所述方法的模具；在模制处理期间至少一个真空灭弧室和接触端子固定在所述模具中，并且所述模具具有至少一个注射口/注射浇口，用于将热塑性材料注入到模具中。为了解决与沿着模制的极部件的长轴线的受控压力梯度相关的问题并且为了缩短处理时间且在模制处理期间实现材料的均匀分配，模具至少沿着其长轴线配置有多个注射口以用于注入热的热塑性材料，并且所述注射口或浇口能被操纵，使得它们基于注射模式同时或者以限定的时间注射热塑性材料。

Description

用于注射成型热塑性极部件的方法和用于实施所述方法的模具
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1和9的前序部分所述的利用模具注射成型热塑性极部件的方法以及实施所述方法的模具；在模制处理期间至少一个真空灭弧室和接触端子固定在所述模具中，并且所述模具具有至少一个注射口/注射浇口，用于将热塑性材料注入到模具中。
背景技术
众所周知注射成型中压极部件，例如以便用热塑性壳体覆盖所述中压极部件。与用于树脂的硬质塑料的用法不同，在模制期间热塑性材料的处理压力更高。热塑性壳体的最大优势之一在于较之环氧树脂的制造时间其制造时间更短。关于此的原因是环氧树脂需要长时间的固化期以及缓慢的温度曲线。热塑性材料仅仅只需通过冷却便可变为固体。
仅仅在单注射浇口或者注射口的情况下使用针对热塑性极部件的注射成型技术。
而且由于例如真空灭弧室等对压力敏感的嵌件，因此仅仅注射成型能够达到压力上限。
在它们产生的粘度的范围内，填充模腔取决于热塑性材料的行为和性能。
因此，如下为现有技术的处理中存在的劣势：
因热塑性材料的粘度致使填充压力沿着流动路径减小至端部的低压。这最终导致产生填充问题。
模具内的最大填充压力随着极部件或者极部件结构的沿着流动路径的高度而增大。
几何约束要求沿着流动路径非均一的壁厚，并且因此产生孔隙，而且可能导致产生特定压力条件下的非完全填充。
由于模腔压力不适当的增加，因此几乎不能引入用于增加极部件的强度和刚度的例如翅片等的几何增强元件。
不能利用已知技术注射成型具有增加的粘度的材料。
因此，基于这样的事实，即，针对覆盖热塑性材料的极部件的制造时间周期非常短，在处理期间产生如液态热的热塑性材料的粘度的动力效应。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是解决沿着模制的极部件的长轴线的受控压力梯度的问题，并且实现缩短处理时间以及在模制处理期间均匀的材料分布。
本发明的问题解决方案是模具至少沿着其长轴线设有多个注射口或者注射浇口或者膜注射浇口，用于注入热的热塑性材料；以及操纵注射浇口，使得它们基于注射模式同时或者以限定的时间注射热塑性材料。
有利实施例为，在模具中的非平坦形貌所处的部位处定位有另外的注射浇口。这增强了在具有复杂形貌的区域处、在不损失时间的情况下的完整填充。这还导致更好的机械性能以及进一步减少了孔隙。
本发明的另外的实施例是注射口设置有开闭件，凭借所述开闭件每个注射口的被注射的热的热塑性材料的流量能独立地操纵。通过这些开闭件，均能够以最优的方式、并且在考虑沿着热塑性材料的流动路径的压力梯度的情况下操纵每个注射口或者注射浇口。
有利的实施例是经由压力传感器测量注射口或者注射口附近的压力，以根据预定压力梯度操纵每个注射口的注射例如操纵开闭件。
为了增强机械性能和介电行为以及使得极部件壳体的孔隙减小，用颗粒或者纤维填充注射的热的热塑性材料，并且至少预定注射口施加有所述颗粒或者纤维，以增强极部件的至少若干区域。
因此结果是经由开闭件和所施加的压力操纵或者驱动注射浇口，使得能够操纵或者优化在模制处理期间模具中所形成的材料流的流动方向。
为了使用若干材料化合物，有利的是至少两个浇口被应用以不同的热的热塑性材料，以在单个模制处理期间实施两种或者更多种化合物模制。
根据用于使用本方法的模具，本发明在于，模具至少沿着其长轴线设置有多个注射浇口，以注射热的热塑性材料，并且注射浇口中的至少一个设置有可操纵的开闭件。
另外的有利实施例是由操纵装置操纵开闭件或者注射装置，在所述操纵装置中具有预定的压力和/或流量模式。
另外的有利实施例是压力传感器位于注射浇口中或者对应于注射浇口定位压力传感器，并且将压力传感器的值送至操纵装置中，以经由预定时间/压力模式操纵注射器的开闭件。
对于所有实施例均还可以使用膜注射浇口。
较大优势中的一个是对于室内应用的热塑性极部件使用多个注射浇口，以减小沿着模具的长轴线的与粘度相关的压力梯度，使得导致产生更为均质的极部件壳体并且改善模具的填充。
通过选择注射口或者注射浇口的位置来支持嵌件在模具中的定位。
附图说明
在附图中示出了本发明的实施例。
图1是具有若干注射浇口的模具；
图2是现有技术；
图3是额外使用嵌件的模具；
图4是使用膜注射浇口的模具。
具体实施方式
图1原理性地示出了模具，所述模具沿着其长轴线具有若干注射口或者注射浇口，所述模具的长轴线也是注射的热塑性材料的流动路径。因为不需要显示插入定位的真空灭弧室，所以在模具中没有示出所述插入定位的真空灭弧室。
在这个情况中几乎等距地设置注射浇口1、2、3、4、5。但是这仅仅为示例，并且不需要在所有情况中均以这种方式布置所述注射浇口。例如，如果因特定的真空灭弧室或者嵌件构造而出现密集的形貌区域，则能够以比模具的其他区域更靠近的方式非等距地布置注射浇口。
在图1中的右侧示出了注射浇口的这种布置方案的效果。该简图示出了沿着长轴线或者注射的热塑性材料的流动路径的压力梯度。
显然，能够通过与相邻的注射浇口相距的距离来限制因热塑性材料的粘度导致产生的压力下降。
图2与图1相对应地示出了与现有技术的比较。图2示出了具有仅仅一个注射浇口1的模具。显然，压力沿着热塑性材料的流动路径下降。
因此，通过比较图1与图2得以明确这种差别。
图3示出了在模具中使用额外嵌件时的实施例。
额外的嵌件能够是极部件的电端子。因此注射浇口靠近嵌件定位。
但是图3中的另外的细节也是重要的。注射浇口1、2还定位成使得由注射的材料产生力F1，并使得嵌件将被推入到其预定的端部位置。这在极部件制造的最终测量和定位方面实现了高性能。
因此，最后，利用本发明能够总结出以下所产生的重要特征和优势。
－沿着流动路径在模具中设置增加数量的注射浇口。
－注射浇口的位置将进行选择，以较之单一注射浇口的情况降低最大填充压力并且材料的流动更为均匀以获得极部件的壳体的高机械性能。而且，能够控制最大填充压力，以照顾这种极部件中的每个压敏嵌件。还能够控制沿着流动路径的压力曲线，以便至少照顾到嵌件的若干种形貌，或者极部件壳体的外表面的若干种形貌。
－能够实现几乎恒定的填充压力，这将模具内部的填充压力保持在预定水平。
－在受到因热的热塑性材料中的这种添加剂的粘度影响的情况中，还能够在介电和机械强度方面优化玻璃纤维围绕真空灭弧室的排列。
－此外，在流动前锋抵达注射浇口之前或者之后，通过选择用于打开另外的浇口的时间，即喷射的时间，控制熔接线的位置；并且通过有利地将注射浇口定位在模具中的与嵌件相对一侧上，支持了因填充方向的预定变化的嵌件定位，即，与模具对准或者密封。
－此外，注射浇口中的每一个均能够应用相对于极部件的轴向方向的预定注射角度，准确地说90°的注射角度。
因此，与复杂结构元件的组合——其可能是由于用于增强极部件壳体的机械性能或者增加爬电长度的增强元件、精细结构、向远处伸出的翅片而造成——也能够在模制处理中使用。
图4示意性示出了在通用的或者附加的膜注射方法的情况中使用本发明的实施例。而且在这种情况中实施本发明。能够从模具的内部和/或外部施加膜注射浇口1、2、3、4、5、6。
能够从所产生的热塑性零件的顶侧或者底侧或者从侧壁位置或者从内侧驱动所述膜注射浇口。因此以上述方式操纵所有注射浇口。

Claims (12)

1.一种利用模具注射成型热塑性极部件的方法，在模制处理期间至少一个真空灭弧室和接触端子固定在所述模具中，并且所述模具具有至少一个注射口，用于将热塑性材料注入到所述模具中，其特征在于：
所述模具至少沿着其长轴线配置有多个注射口或者注射浇口或者膜注射浇口以用于注入热的热塑性材料，并且所述注射浇口能被操纵或者操作且定位成使得它们基于注射模式同时或者以限定的时间注射热塑性材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在模具中的非平坦形貌所处的部位处定位有另外的注射浇口。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述注射口配置有开闭件；凭借所述开闭件，每个注射口的被注射的热的热塑性材料的流量能独立地操纵。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，经由压力传感器测量所述注射口或者注射浇口中或者所述注射口或者注射浇口附近的压力，以根据预定压力梯度操纵每个注射口或者注射浇口的注射，例如控制每个开闭件。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，用颗粒或者纤维填充所述注射的热的热塑性材料，并且至少预定注射口或者注射浇口施加有所述颗粒或者纤维，以增强所述极部件的至少若干区域。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，经由开闭件和所施加的压力操纵注射浇口，使得能够操纵在模制处理期间模具中所形成的材料流的流动方向。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，至少两个注射口被应用以不同的热的热塑性材料，以在单个模制处理期间实施两种或者更多种化合物模制。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，通过至少部分使用膜注射浇口从所生产的热塑性部件的内侧或者外侧实施注射。
9.用于根据前述权利要求1至8中的至少一项所述的方法的模具，其用于注射成型热塑性极部件，其中，在模制处理期间至少一个真空灭弧室和接触端子固定在所述模具中，并且所述模具具有至少一个注射口或者注射浇口以用于将热塑性材料注入到所述模具中，其特征在于：
所述模具至少沿着其长轴线配置有多个注射口或者注射浇口，用于注入热的热塑性材料，并且所述注射口或者注射浇口中的至少一个配置有可操纵的开闭件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的模具，其特征在于，由操纵装置操纵所述开闭件或者所述注射装置，在所述操纵装置中具有预定的压力和/或流量模式。
11.根据权利要求10所述的模具，其特征在于，压力传感器位于所述注射口中或者对应于所述注射口定位所述压力传感器，并且压力传感器的值被送至操纵装置中，以经由预定时间/压力模式操纵注射器的开闭件。
12.根据权利要求9至11中的一项所述的模具，其特征在于，所述注射浇口的至少一部分配置为膜注射浇口。
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