CN104332529B - 一种在铝硅熔池中液相外延制备n型晶体硅太阳电池发射极的方法 - Google Patents
一种在铝硅熔池中液相外延制备n型晶体硅太阳电池发射极的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
本发明公开了一种在铝硅熔池中液相外延制备n型晶体硅太阳电池发射极的方法,其特征是首先将含硅12~40%wt、含硼0~5ppmw的铝‑硅‑硼混合原料熔融,然后将n型硅片水平放置于熔体表面,在硅片与熔体接触面外延生长p型掺杂硅晶体层,生长完毕后取出硅片,最后清洗除去硅片表面粘附铝层。本发明可在n型单晶硅片表面外延生长形成连续均匀的p型晶体硅层,其厚度可在0.5~20μm范围调节;其电阻率可在0.5~10Ω·cm范围调节。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光伏技术领域,涉及一种制备n型晶体硅太阳电池的方法,特别是制备其发射极的方法。
背景技术
n型晶体硅太阳电池指以n型硅片为衬底,在其一面制作p型层形成pn结而制得的太阳电池。该p型层一般被称为发射极。相比于p型硅太阳电池,n型硅太阳电池有弱光响应强、温升衰减小、无光致衰减(LID)、无电势诱导衰减(PID)和对材料纯度要求相对较低的显著优点,但因其发射极(p型层)制备相对于p型硅电池的发射极(n型层)制备更为困难,成本更高,因此多年来光伏产业以p型硅太阳电池为主流,未能发挥n型硅太阳电池的优势。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低成本制备n型晶体硅太阳电池发射极的方法,其设备和工艺成本将低于现行p型太阳电池发射极制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用了下述技术方案:一种在铝硅熔池中向n型硅片表面液相外延生长p型硅晶体层的方法。其原理在于,铝在硅晶体中呈+3价,是一种良好的p型掺杂组元。铝硅合金熔点可低至577℃,比硅的熔点(1420℃)低得多,将n型硅片置入铝硅合金熔体,并使之缓慢降温至其平衡液相线温度以下,熔体中的硅将在硅片底面凝结生长,即发生外延生长。生长中将会有微量铝进入外延硅晶体,其浓度由所在温度下的热力学平衡决定,处在适合于太阳电池p型掺杂浓度范围。因此外延生长的结果将在n型硅衬底表面自然形成p型掺杂硅晶体层,成为n型硅太阳电池的发射极。硼是一种更为有效的p型掺杂剂,在铝硅合金熔体中加入微量硼,则可实现铝、硼共掺杂p型硅晶体层的外延生长。
当前p型太阳电池以铝浆印刷烧结铝背场的制备也是基于同样的原理。但本方法与之有以下差异和优势:
1)使用铝锭而不需使用铝浆,成本要低得多;
2) 以铝硅合金熔池代替铝浆印刷、烧结设备,可进一步降低成本;
3) 外延生长保持在过量的铝硅合金熔体中,不依赖于局部铝硅合金的形成和熔融,更易于获得连续均匀外延层。
本方法适宜的铝硅熔体成份范围为:含硅 12~40%wt (1%wt = 重量百分之一),含硼0~5 ppmw (1 ppmw = 重量百万分之一),其余为铝以及不可避免的杂质,杂质总浓度低于10 ppmw;适宜的熔体温度范围为:570~940℃,具体与熔体硅含量相关。根据外延层结晶均匀性并结合工艺成本因素,优选的范围为:熔体含硅14~18%wt,含硼0.2~2 ppmw;熔体温度590~640℃,具体与熔体硅含量相关。
本发明可在n型单晶硅片表面外延生长形成连续均匀的p型晶体硅层,其厚度可在0.5~20 μm范围调节;其电阻率可在0.5~10 Ω·cm范围调节。这种外延层可作为n型硅片电池的发射极,满足较宽范围的各种发射极参数设计需要。表1列出采用本发明方法所得外延层厚度和电阻率数据。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。所采用的铝料均为纯度高于99.99%wt的铝锭;硅料均为纯度高于99.9999%wt的多晶硅块;铝硼合金料为含硼2.3%wt的预制中间合金,按各实施例所需熔体成份配料后置入刚玉坩埚,坩埚处于高纯氩气保护下,置于电阻炉内加热进行各实施例实验。
实施例1:
配制含硅12%wt的铝-硅混合原料,在660℃熔融后保温3小时后降温至580℃后保温1小时,然后将0.2 mm厚的n型硅片样品置入熔体,随即开始以每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,降低至570℃时将样片取出,以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层,然后以光学显微镜观察其断面,测量硅外延层厚度,并以四探针测量仪测定其电阻率。结果列如表1。
实施例2:
配制含硅14%wt的铝-硅混合原料,在690℃熔融后保温3小时后降温至610℃后保温1小时,然后将0.2 mm厚的n型硅片样品置入熔体,随即开始以每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,降低至600℃时将样片取出,以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层,然后以光学显微镜观察其断面,测量硅外延层厚度,并以四探针测量仪测定其电阻率。结果列如表1。
实施例3:
配制含硅16%wt的铝-硅混合原料,在730℃熔融后保温3小时后降温至650℃后保温1小时,然后将0.2 mm厚的n型硅片样品置入熔体,随即开始以每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,降低至640℃时将样片取出,以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层,然后以光学显微镜观察其断面,测量硅外延层厚度,并以四探针测量仪测定其电阻率。结果列如表1。
实施例4:
配制含硅16%wt的铝-硅混合原料,在730℃熔融后保温3小时后降温至650℃后保温1小时,然后将0.2 mm厚的n型硅片样品置入熔体,随即开始以每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,降低至647℃时将样片取出,以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层,然后以光学显微镜观察其断面,测量硅外延层厚度,并以四探针测量仪测定其电阻率。结果列如表1。
实施例5:
配制含硅16%wt的铝-硅混合原料,在730℃熔融后保温3小时后降温至650℃后保温1小时,然后将0.2 mm厚的n型硅片样品置入熔体,随即开始以每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,降低至630℃时将样片取出,以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层,然后以光学显微镜观察其断面,测量硅外延层厚度,并以四探针测量仪测定其电阻率。结果列如表1。
实施例6:
配制含硅18%wt的铝-硅混合原料,在745℃熔融后保温3小时后降温至665℃后保温1小时,然后将0.2 mm厚的n型硅片样品置入熔体,随即开始以每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,降低至655℃时将样片取出,以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层,然后以光学显微镜观察其断面,测量硅外延层厚度,并以四探针测量仪测定其电阻率。结果列如表1。
实施例7:
配制含硅30%wt的铝-硅混合原料,在900℃熔融后保温3小时后降温至815℃后保温1小时,然后将0.2 mm厚的n型硅片样品置入熔体,随即开始以每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,降低至805℃时将样片取出,以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层,然后以光学显微镜观察其断面,测量硅外延层厚度,并以四探针测量仪测定其电阻率。结果列如表1。
实施例8:
配制含硅40%wt的铝-硅混合原料,在1025℃熔融后保温3小时后降温至945℃后保温1小时,然后将0.2 mm厚的n型硅片样品置入熔体,随即开始以每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,降低至935℃时将样片取出,以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层,然后以光学显微镜观察其断面,测量硅外延层厚度,并以四探针测量仪测定其电阻率。结果列如表1。
实施例9:
配制含硅16%wt,含硼0.2ppmw的铝-硅-硼混合原料,在730℃熔融后保温3小时后降温至650℃后保温1小时,然后将0.2 mm厚的n型硅片样品置入熔体,随即开始以每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,降低至640℃时将样片取出,以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层,然后以光学显微镜观察其断面,测量硅外延层厚度,并以四探针测量仪测定其电阻率。结果列如表1。
实施例10:
配制含硅16%wt,含硼2ppmw的铝-硅-硼混合原料,在730℃熔融后保温3小时后降温至650℃后保温1小时,然后将0.2 mm厚的n型硅片样品置入熔体,随即开始以每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,降低至640℃时将样片取出,以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层,然后以光学显微镜观察其断面,测量硅外延层厚度,并以四探针测量仪测定其电阻率。结果列如表1。
实施例11:
配制含硅16%wt,含硼5ppmw的铝-硅-硼混合原料,在730℃熔融后保温3小时后降温至650℃后保温1小时,然后将0.2 mm厚的n型硅片样品置入熔体,随即开始以每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,降低至640℃时将样片取出,以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层,然后以光学显微镜观察其断面,测量硅外延层厚度,并以四探针测量仪测定其电阻率。结果列如表1。
表1 采用本发明方法在n型硅片外延生长形成的p型晶体硅层性能
。
Claims (2)
1.一种在铝硅熔池中液相外延制备n型晶体硅太阳电池发射极的方法,其特征是按如下步骤:首先将含硅 12~40%wt 、含硼0~5 ppmw的铝-硅-硼混合原料在660~1025℃熔融,保温3小时,然后将熔体温度降低至580~945℃保温1小时,然后将n型硅片置入熔体中,并按每分钟0.3℃的速率降低熔体温度,待熔体温度降至570~935℃时取出硅片,生长完毕后取出硅片,最后清洗除去硅片表面粘附铝层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种在铝硅熔池中液相外延制备n型晶体硅太阳电池发射极的方法,其特征是以30%浓度盐酸清洗除去样片表面粘附铝层。
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Solution-Grown Silicon Solar Cells;Kentaro Ito et al;《Japanese Journal of Applied Physics》;19801231;第19卷;正文第37-41页及附图1-7 * |
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