CN104330294A - Metallographic test sample preparation instrument - Google Patents
Metallographic test sample preparation instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN104330294A CN104330294A CN201410587916.1A CN201410587916A CN104330294A CN 104330294 A CN104330294 A CN 104330294A CN 201410587916 A CN201410587916 A CN 201410587916A CN 104330294 A CN104330294 A CN 104330294A
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- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a metallographic test sample preparation instrument which comprises a stander, a metallographic test sample clamping mechanism, a five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism, a grinding mechanism, a polishing mechanism and a test sample corrosion structural block. The five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism is matched with the metallographic test sample clamping mechanism, so that a moving trace of a metallographic test sample in a preparation process can be precisely controlled, and high-quality preparation of the metallographic test sample can be finished by assisting of the grinding mechanism, the polishing mechanism and the test sample corrosion structural block; the polishing, grinding and corrosion processes of the test sample can be automatically controlled; the labor and the time are greatly saved; meanwhile, the test sample preparation defects caused by mistakes or insufficient experience of a technician are avoided. Furthermore, the metallographic test sample preparation instrument has the advantages of small occupation space, high equipment utilization rate, low noise, no pollution, convenience in metallographic sand paper replacement, recycling of polishing liquid, compact structure, low manufacturing cost, convenience in mounting and maintenance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metallographic specimen preparation instrument.
Background
Metallographic specimen preparation is an important component of metallographic research and comprises the processes of inlaying, grinding, polishing and corroding. At present, full-automatic inlaying machines are available on the market, which can complete the automation process of the inlaying operation, however, the processes of grinding, polishing and corrosion are still all manual operation. The specific application and method for the traditional preparation process of the metallographic specimen are as follows:
(1) inlaying: the mosaic is suitable for small metallographic samples which are not shaped and are not easy to take, samples such as wires, small pipes, thin plates and hammering fragments are pressed into cylinders with regular sizes through thermosetting plastics (such as powdered phenolic resin), and the samples are convenient to hold during polishing or follow-up experiments, such as electronic probe experiments and the like.
At present, the embedding process of the metallographic specimen is mainly completed by an embedding machine. There are two types of existing tessellators: the working principle of the manual inlaying machine and the automatic inlaying machine is basically the same, namely, the sample is inlaid into a cylinder under a preset grinding tool by adopting heat and pressure. The inlaying process is relatively simple, and the requirement on an experimenter is low.
(2) Polishing: after the metallographic specimen is embedded, the surface of the metallographic specimen can be polished to obtain a bright surface. Grinding is divided into two stages of coarse grinding and fine grinding, and generally, the grinding process is manual operation. Uneven stress of the sample often appears in the polishing process, so that the surface of the sample is inclined, and a laboratory technician is required to have certain metallographic preparation experience and skill.
The rough grinding is mainly finished by tools such as files, milling machines, lathes, grinding machines, grinding wheels and the like, and aims to remove rough and uneven surfaces caused by cutting of the test sample. If the surface of the sample is relatively flat or cut by a high-precision tool, the step can be omitted, but in order to ensure the safety in the mechanical grinding process and prevent the sample from flying out or scratching abrasive paper and polishing cloth, the edge embedded with the sample is preferably ground into a chamfer.
The purpose of the fine grinding is to eliminate the deep and coarse grinding marks left by the rough grinding in preparation for polishing. The fine grinding itself comprises a plurality of operations, i.e. in sequence from coarse to fine on each sandpaper. The fine grinding operation mode comprises two modes of manual grinding and mechanical grinding, and both the modes need manual operation. The grinding tool for fine grinding is sand paper, and the sand paper is formed by combining a paper base, a bonding agent and an abrasive.
At present, the metallographic abrasive paper mainly comprises dry abrasive paper and wet abrasive paper which can be subjected to dry grinding and wet grinding respectively. Two kinds of sandpaper each have advantages: the sand grains of the dry sand paper are generally high-quality silicon carbide, and the paper base is generally latex paper, so that the dry sand paper has better flexibility and better heat dissipation in the use process, and is not easy to generate a blocking phenomenon; the gaps between the sand grains of the wet abrasive paper are small, the fragments of the abraded objects are small, and the fragments can flow out along with water when the wet abrasive paper is used together with the water, so that the sharpness of the using surface of the abrasive paper is maintained. The specification and the code of the metallographic abrasive paper and the size of the abrasive are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 metallographic abrasive paper specification
(3) Polishing: the polishing is intended to remove grinding marks left by fine grinding on the ground surface of the metallographic specimen to form a flat and flawless mirror surface. Polishing can only remove a thin metal layer on the surface, and the polishing effect depends on the quality or effect of the previous process to a great extent, so that in the grinding process, the selection of the sand paper needs to be gradually changed from coarse to fine, and the ideal polishing effect can be obtained. There are three main methods of polishing: mechanical polishing, electropolishing, and chemical polishing, wherein mechanical polishing is the most widely used polishing method.
The mechanical polishing generally adopts flannelette polishing, namely, prepared polishing liquid is dripped or poured on the polishing cloth, the polishing cloth is driven to rotate through mechanical rotation, so that polishing liquid is rubbed with the surface of a sample, and scratches on the surface of the sample after fine grinding are removed. A common polishing agent is Cr2O3、MgO、Al2O3Diamond powder, etc. The polished sample needs to be surface-rinsed with water or alcohol for subsequent preparation processes.
(4) And (3) corrosion: when the polished sample is observed under a microscope, only a bright polished surface can be seen unless metallic inclusions, graphite, cracks, grinding marks and the like can be seen, and corrosion operation is required to be performed to see the structure.
The corrosion is of various types, the most common is chemical corrosion, and different materials of samples require different corrosion solutions. There are three main methods of chemical etching: etching, drop etching and etching. And (4) washing the corroded sample with water and absolute alcohol, and quickly and fully drying the sample with a blower.
According to the above procedures, the conventional metallographic specimen preparation process has the following disadvantages: (1) the preparation steps of the metallographic specimen are complicated, the preparation period is long, and most of the preparation processes need to consume labor; (2) and certain technical and empirical requirements are required for an experimenter, so that the preparation of a metallographic specimen has certain difficulty. (3) In most cases, the artificially made metallographic specimen often has defects such as uneven specimen surface or residual scratches, so that focusing is difficult under a microscope, and tissue artifacts are often caused by carelessness or errors, so that an erroneous conclusion is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the metallographic specimen preparation instrument which can realize the automation of the metallographic specimen preparation process and is beneficial to improving the preparation quality and efficiency of the metallographic specimen.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a metallographic specimen preparation instrument comprises a frame, a metallographic specimen clamping mechanism, a five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism, a polishing mechanism and a specimen corrosion structure block;
the frame is used for providing supporting, guiding and positioning functions for the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism, the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism, the polishing mechanism and the specimen corrosion structure block;
the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism is used for finishing the clamping action on the specimen in the processes of grinding, polishing and corroding;
the polishing mechanism is used for finishing the automatic polishing process of the sample;
the polishing mechanism is used for finishing the automatic polishing process of the sample;
the sample corrosion structure block is used for completing the corrosion process of the sample;
and the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism is connected with the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism and is used for controlling the movement track of the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism in the rack and matching the grinding mechanism, the polishing mechanism and the specimen corrosion structure block to finish the grinding, polishing and corrosion processes.
Further, a sample positioning block is arranged on the rack and used for placing a sample and is used as an original position of the sample in the preparation process;
the sample positioning block is provided with a sample placing hole and at least one test tube placing hole.
Furthermore, the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism comprises a rectangular block and two electromagnetic V-shaped blocks;
the rectangular block is provided with a sample positioning hole and a V-shaped block placing hole, and the sample positioning hole is vertically communicated with the V-shaped block placing hole and respectively penetrates through the rectangular block;
the electromagnetic V-shaped block is positioned in the V-shaped block placing hole, and when the two V-shaped blocks are mutually attracted, a sample positioned in the sample positioning hole is clamped.
Furthermore, the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism comprises a first horizontal supporting frame and a second horizontal supporting frame; wherein,
two parallel first sliding guide rails are arranged at the upper part of the frame, and the first horizontal support frame is arranged on the first sliding guide rails in a crossing manner;
two parallel second sliding guide rails are arranged at the upper part of the first horizontal support frame, and the second horizontal support frame is arranged on the second sliding guide rails in a crossing manner;
the arrangement direction of the first sliding guide rail is vertical to that of the second sliding guide rail;
two screw rods are arranged on the frame, the arrangement direction of the screw rods is the same as that of the first sliding guide rail, and a first stepping motor is arranged on each screw rod and used for pushing the first horizontal support frame to move along the direction of the first sliding guide rail;
two first push rod motors are arranged between the first horizontal support frame and the second horizontal support frame and are used for pushing the second horizontal support frame to move along the direction of the second sliding guide rail;
a rotating platform is arranged on the second horizontal supporting frame;
four second push rod motors are mounted on the rotating table, and the bottoms of the second push rod motors are connected with the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism and used for driving the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism to realize linear motion in the vertical direction;
a second stepping motor is arranged in the rotating platform and used for driving the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism to realize horizontal rotating motion by taking a second push rod motor as an axis;
and a third stepping motor is arranged at the bottom of the second push rod motor and used for driving the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism to realize the overturning motion by taking the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism as an axis.
Further, the polishing mechanism comprises four groups of polishing turntables, and each group of polishing turntables is provided with a servo motor;
each group of polishing turntables comprises an upper polishing turntable and a lower polishing turntable, the upper polishing turntable and the lower polishing turntable are connected through a rotating column, and a servo motor is used for driving the rotating column to rotate;
and grinding wheels or abrasive paper is adhered on the upper grinding turntable and the lower grinding turntable.
Furthermore, the rotating column consists of an upper section rotating column and a lower section rotating column; wherein,
the upper section rotating column is connected with the upper polishing turntable, and the lower section rotating column is connected with the lower polishing turntable;
the upper section rotating column is connected with the lower section rotating column in a detachable mode, and a fastening pin is arranged at the joint of the upper section rotating column and the lower section rotating column.
Further, a polishing mechanism comprising:
a polishing turntable;
a piece of polishing cloth is arranged on the polishing turntable, and the diameter of the polishing cloth is the same as that of the polishing turntable;
a servo motor for driving the polished tile disk to rotate;
the liquid dropping pipe is positioned above the polishing turntable and used for dropping the polishing liquid on the polishing turntable;
a funnel-shaped container located below the polishing turntable for storing the polishing liquid dripping from the polishing turntable;
a polishing liquid container, which is positioned at one side of the polishing turntable and is used for containing polishing liquid;
a polishing liquid delivery pipe is arranged between the polishing liquid container and the dropping liquid pipe, and a polishing liquid return pipe is arranged between the polishing liquid container and the funnel-shaped container;
a liquid pump and a rotary blade are installed in the polishing liquid container.
Furthermore, a plurality of test tube placing holes are arranged on the sample corrosion structure block.
Further, a first air blower is arranged at the position of the sample positioning block; a second blower is provided at the location of the sample corrosion block.
Further, grinding machanism disposes grinding machanism dustcoat, and grinding machanism dustcoat passes through magnet and frame connection.
The invention has the following advantages:
the metallographic specimen preparation instrument comprises a rack, a metallographic specimen clamping mechanism, a five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism, a grinding mechanism, a polishing mechanism and a specimen corrosion structure block, wherein the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism is matched with the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism, so that the movement track of a metallographic specimen in the preparation process can be accurately controlled, the grinding mechanism, the polishing mechanism and the specimen corrosion structure block are assisted to finish high-quality preparation of the metallographic specimen, the grinding, polishing and corrosion processes of the specimen can be automatically controlled, a large amount of manpower and time are saved, and the specimen preparation defect caused by the error of technicians or insufficient experience is avoided. In addition, the invention has the advantages of small occupied space, high equipment utilization rate, low noise, no pollution, convenient replacement of metallographic abrasive paper, realization of cyclic utilization of polishing solution, compact structure, lower manufacturing cost, convenient installation and maintenance and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a metallographic sample preparation instrument according to the present invention, showing a state in which the metallographic sample preparation instrument is mounted on a sander housing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the metallographic sample preparation instrument according to the present invention, showing a state before the metallographic sample preparation instrument is mounted on a housing of a polisher;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the frame of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the sample positioning block in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular block structure of the gold phase sample clamping mechanism in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a V-block structure of the metallographic specimen holding mechanism in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the five-degree-of-freedom drive mechanism of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the grinding mechanism of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the polishing mechanism of FIGS. 1 and 2;
the device comprises a rack 1, a metallographic sample clamping mechanism 2, a five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism 3, a polishing mechanism 4, a polishing mechanism 5, a sample corrosion structure block 6, a sample 7, a polishing mechanism cover 8 and a magnet 9;
101. 102, 103, 104-columns, 105, 106-first horizontal supporting columns, 107, 108-second horizontal supporting columns, 109, 110-first sliding guide rails, 111-mounting plates, 112-sample positioning blocks, 113-sample placing holes, 114-test tube placing holes, 115-first air blowers, 116-second air blowers;
201-a rectangular block, 202, 203-an electromagnetic V-shaped block, 204-a sample positioning hole, 205-a V-shaped block placing hole, 206, 207-a rubber gasket;
301-a first horizontal support frame, 302-a second horizontal support frame, 303, 304-a second sliding guide rail, 305, 306-a screw rod, 307, 308-a first stepping motor, 309, 310-a first push rod motor, 311-a rotary table, 312, 313, 314, 315-a second push rod motor, 316-a third stepping motor;
401-servo motor, 402-upper polishing turntable, 403-lower polishing turntable, 404-upper segment rotating column, 405-lower segment rotating column, 406-positioning pin;
501-polishing turntable, 502-servo motor, 503-dropping liquid pipe, 504-funnel-shaped container, 505-polishing liquid container, 506-polishing liquid conveying pipe and 507-polishing liquid return pipe;
601-test tube placement wells.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the metallographic specimen preparation instrument includes a frame 1, a metallographic specimen holding mechanism 2, a five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism 3, a polishing mechanism 4, a polishing mechanism 5, and a specimen corrosion structure block 6.
As shown in fig. 3, the frame 1 is square and includes vertical columns 101, 102, 103, and 104.
A first horizontal support column 105, 106 is provided between the column 101 and the column 104, and between the column 102 and the column 103. A second horizontal support column 107, 108 is provided between the vertical column 101 and the vertical column 102, and between the vertical column 103 and the vertical column 104. The length of the first horizontal support columns 105, 106 is greater than the length of the second horizontal support columns 107, 108.
The first horizontal support columns 105, 106 and the second horizontal support columns 107, 108 are located in the upper part of the frame 1.
Two parallel first sliding guides 109, 110 are provided on the first horizontal support columns 105, 106. The first sliding guide 109, 110 may provide a support and guide function for the five degree-of-freedom drive mechanism 3.
In addition, the rack 1 further includes a mounting plate 111, and the mounting plate 111 is located at a lower portion of the rack 1. The mounting plate 111 may provide the necessary support and positioning functions for the grinding mechanism 4, polishing mechanism 5, and sample etching structure block 6.
A sample positioning block 112 is mounted on the mounting plate 111, and is used for placing the sample 7 and serving as an origin position of the sample during preparation. The origin position here refers to the start and end positions of the sample 7 during the preparation process.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, one sample placing hole 113 and one test tube placing hole 114 are provided in the sample positioning block 112. The test tube placing hole 114 is used for placing a test tube.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the metallographic specimen holding mechanism 2 includes a rectangular block 201 and electromagnetic V-shaped blocks 202 and 203. The rectangular block 201 is provided with a sample positioning hole 204 and a V-block placing hole 205, and the sample positioning hole 204 is vertically communicated with the V-block placing hole 205 and respectively penetrates through the rectangular block 201.
The sample positioning hole 204 is circular and is used for placing the sample 7 during the preparation process.
The V-block placement hole 205 has a square shape, and the electromagnetic V-blocks 202 and 203 are located inside the V-block placement hole 205.
When the electromagnetic V-blocks 202, 203 are attracted to each other, a grip is formed on the sample located inside the sample positioning hole 204.
Rubber washers 206 and 207 are provided on the electromagnetic V-blocks 202 and 203, respectively, to increase the frictional force between the electromagnetic V-blocks 202 and 203 and the sample 7, thereby improving the clamping effect.
As shown in fig. 7, the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism 3 includes a first horizontal support frame 301 and a second horizontal support frame 302. The first horizontal support bracket 301 is disposed across the first sliding rails 109 and 110.
Two parallel second sliding guide rails 303 and 304 are arranged at the upper part of the first horizontal support frame 301, and the second horizontal support frame 302 is arranged on the second sliding guide rails 303 and 304 in a crossing manner.
The direction in which the first slide rails 109 and 110 are disposed is perpendicular to the direction in which the second slide rails 303 and 304 are disposed, and the movement of the five-degree-of-freedom drive mechanism 3 in two perpendicular directions can be realized.
Two lead screws 305, 306 are provided between the second horizontal support columns 107, 108, and the arrangement direction of the lead screws is the same as that of the first slide rails 109, 110. The first stepping motors 307 and 308 are respectively arranged on the screw rods 305 and 306, and the first stepping motors 307 and 308 are connected with the first horizontal support frame 301 and push the first horizontal support frame 301 to move along the first sliding guide rails 109 and 110.
Two first push rod motors 309 and 310 are arranged between the first horizontal support frame 301 and the second horizontal support frame 302, and push the second horizontal support frame 302 to move along the directions of the second sliding guide rails 303 and 304.
A rotary table 311 is provided on the second horizontal supporting frame 302.
Four second push rod motors 312, 313, 314 and 315 are installed on the rotating platform, and the bottoms of the second push rod motors 312, 313, 314 and 315 are connected with the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism 2 to drive the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism 2 to realize linear motion in the vertical direction.
A second stepping motor (not shown) is disposed inside the rotary table 311, so that the rotary table 311 can rotate around its center as a rotation center, and further drives the four second push rod motors 312, 313, 314, and 315 to rotate, thereby driving the metallographic specimen holding mechanism 2 to realize a horizontal rotation motion around the second push rod motor as an axis.
And a third stepping motor 316 is also arranged at the bottom of the second push rod motor and used for driving the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism 2 to realize overturning motion with the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism as an axis.
Through the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism 3, the movement and the state of the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism 2 in multiple directions can be realized, so that the accurate movement of the specimen 7 in the preparation process can be realized, and the grinding mechanism 4, the polishing mechanism 5 and the specimen corrosion structure block 6 are assisted to complete the high-quality preparation of the metallographic specimen.
As shown in fig. 8, the grinding mechanism 4 includes four sets of grinding turn tables made of medium carbon steel. Each group of polishing turnplates is provided with a servo motor, such as the servo motor 401, and the forward and reverse rotation and the rotating speed can be accurately controlled. Seven types of dry sand paper (from thick to thin, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06 and 07) and a grinding wheel can be respectively placed on the grinding turntable.
Each set of grinding disks comprises an upper grinding disk 402 and a lower grinding disk 403. The upper polishing turntable 402 and the lower polishing turntable 403 are connected by a rotating column. And a servo motor 401 for controlling the rotation of the rotary column.
The polishing turntable is distributed in an upper layer and a lower layer, and the structure is compact.
The diameter of the upper polishing turntable 402 is smaller than that of the lower polishing turntable 403, so that the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism 3 can move along the first sliding guide rails 109 and 110 conveniently, and mechanism interference is avoided.
A grinding wheel is mounted on the upper grinding turntable 402 and the lower grinding turntable 403, or sandpaper is adhered thereto.
When the grinding wheel needs to be installed, the grinding wheel is directly fixed on the upper grinding turntable 402 or the lower grinding turntable 403 according to the requirement.
When it is desired to adhere sandpaper, a magnetic chuck is first adhered to the upper polishing turntable 402 or the lower polishing turntable 403, and then sandpaper is adhered to the magnetic chuck.
Specifically, the rotary column is composed of an upper rotary column 404 and a lower rotary column 405. Wherein,
the upper section rotating column 404 is connected with the upper polishing turntable 402, and the upper section rotating column 405 is connected with the upper polishing turntable 403;
the upper rotating column 404 and the lower rotating column 405 are detachably connected, and a fastening pin 406 is arranged at the joint of the upper rotating column 404 and the lower rotating column 405.
The purpose of the sectional design of the rotating column is to conveniently replace a grinding wheel or abrasive paper.
As shown in fig. 9, the polishing mechanism 5 includes a polishing turntable 501;
a piece of polishing cloth is arranged on the polishing turntable 501, and the diameter of the polishing cloth is the same as that of the polishing turntable;
a servo motor 502 for driving the rotation of the polishing brick plate 501;
a dropping pipe 503 located above the polishing turntable 501 for dropping the polishing liquid onto the polishing turntable 501;
a funnel-shaped container 504 located below the polishing turntable 501 for storing the polishing liquid dropped from the polishing turntable;
a polishing liquid container 505 arranged at one side of the polishing turntable 501 for containing polishing liquid, the polishing liquid is Cr2O3Preparing with water;
a polishing liquid delivery pipe 506 is arranged between the polishing liquid container 505 and the dropping liquid pipe 503, and a polishing liquid return pipe 507 is arranged between the polishing liquid container 505 and the funnel-shaped container 504;
a rotary blade (not shown) is installed inside the polishing liquid container 505 and driven by a servo motor to prevent Cr in the polishing liquid2O3Precipitation occurs.
A liquid pump (not shown) is installed inside the polishing liquid container 505 for controlling the flow rate of the polishing liquid, the polishing liquid is delivered to the position right above the polishing turntable 501, drops into the polishing cloth through the dropping pipe 503, then enters the funnel-shaped container 504, and finally enters the polishing liquid container 505 under the action of gravity, so as to realize the whole circulation of the polishing liquid.
The sample corrosion structure block 6 is provided with a plurality of test tube placing holes 601 which are mainly used for placing test tubes required by the test tube 7, and the test tube placing holes 601 are two rows of cylindrical blind holes. Wherein, a row of the blind holes are 4 cylindrical blind holes, and the liquid in the test tube is corrosive liquid, water and absolute alcohol which are used for corrosion and cleaning after corrosion; the other row is 3 cylindrical blind holes, and the liquid in the test tube is water, water and absolute alcohol respectively, is used for cleaning the polished test sample and is prepared for corrosion.
In addition, a first blower 115 is provided at the sample positioning block 112, and a second blower 116 is provided at the sample etching block 6. Wherein,
first blower 115 is used for weathering the abluent sample of water of polishing back, and the sample all need get back to near the initial point after the abrasive paper of every model is polished, soaks the aquatic and washs, prevents that the abrasive dust from getting into next abrasive paper, influences the effect of polishing.
The second blower 116 is used to blow the sample that is cleaned with water and absolute alcohol, respectively, after polishing and after etching. The test tube is mainly used for storing water, corrosive liquid and absolute alcohol.
In order to prevent people or foreign matters from entering the grinding mechanism 4 carelessly, a grinding mechanism outer cover 8 is arranged on the rack 1, and the grinding mechanism outer cover 8 is of a double-cylinder structure and can fully cover the grinding mechanism.
Because the abrasive paper is a common replacement, the grinding mechanism outer cover 8 and the rack 1 are connected by the magnet 9, so that the grinding mechanism outer cover 8 is convenient to mount and dismount.
The preparation process of the metallographic specimen is as follows:
(1) preparation before preparation, including the replacement of metallographic abrasive paper, the preparation of polishing solution and corrosive liquid, the placement of water and absolute alcohol and the like. Wherein, when the change of metallographical abrasive paper, need pull down the grinding machanism dustcoat 8 of one side, as shown in fig. 2, lift fastening pin 406 off, at this moment, the magnetic chuck of upper and lower floor can take out, then glue new circular abrasive paper to the magnetic chuck on, install the magnetic chuck at last, tighten fastening pin 406, adorn grinding machanism dustcoat 8.
The polishing solution is put into the polishing solution container 505 after being prepared, and at this time, the rotating blade in the polishing solution container 505 starts to rotate to prevent the polishing agent Cr from being generated2O3Precipitation, which affects the polishing effect; the test tube is placed into the corrosive liquid, water and absolute alcohol, and the test tube is placed into the test tube placing holes in the test sample positioning block 112 and the test sample corrosion structure block 6 respectively according to the functional requirements.
(2) The embedded sample is placed in the sample placing hole 113 corresponding to the sample positioning block 112, and at this time, the metallographic sample holding mechanism 2 is positioned right above the sample 7. After the system is started, the electromagnets in the electromagnetic V-shaped blocks 202 and 203 are electrified and located at the homopolar positions, the second push rod motors 312, 313, 314 and 315 start to operate until the bottom surface of the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism 2 and the top surface of the specimen positioning block 112 face each other, at this time, the electromagnets in the electromagnetic V-shaped blocks 202 and 203 are changed into the heteropolar positions and are adsorbed together, and the specimen is clamped under the friction force of the rubber gaskets 206 and 207.
(3) After the sample is clamped, the sample is moved to the position of a grinding wheel of the grinding mechanism 4 under the action of the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism 3, the surface of the sample is roughly ground, meanwhile, the third stepping motor 316 is controlled to rotate to a proper angle, and the edge of the surface of the sample 7 is chamfered. After the rough grinding and chamfering are completed, the angle rotated by the third stepping motor 316 is corrected.
(4) The test sample 7 is controlled to move into the test tube positioned in the test tube placing hole 114, water is filled in the test tube, the second push rod motors 312, 313, 314 and 315 are controlled to immerse the test sample into the test tube for cleaning, and after cleaning, the first air blower 115 blows the test sample 7 for drying.
(5) The control sample removes to grinding machanism 4, seven carousel of polishing are equipped with the metallography abrasive paper of seven different models respectively, and the abrasive paper model is 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07 from thick to thin respectively, and the abrasive paper of each model is accomplished the back of polishing, all will repeat step (4), prevents that the abrasive dust from getting into next abrasive paper, reduces the effect of polishing.
In the polishing process, the first push rod motors 309 and 310 are controlled, so that the second horizontal support frame 302 moves along the directions of the second sliding guide rails 303 and 304, each slide way polished by sand paper is fully utilized, and meanwhile, the horizontal rotation motion of a sample is controlled, and the direction of the next slide way is ensured to be vertical to the direction of the previous slide way. When the grinding mechanism 4 is designed, in addition to the consideration of the compactness and stability of the structure, the movement of the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism 3 needs to be fully considered, so that the distance between the upper grinding rotary table 402 and the lower grinding rotary table 402 ensures that the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism 2 cannot interfere with other mechanisms when the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism 2 horizontally rotates in the gap between the grinding rotary tables. In the motion process, the five-freedom-degree driving mechanism 2 needs to be controlled to carry out multi-freedom-degree comprehensive motion, so that the motion space is saved as much as possible, and the structure compactness is realized.
(6) After finishing the sanding of the No. 07 sandpaper, the test piece was subjected to a polishing operation, at which time the polishing mechanism 5 was started to operate. Firstly, the liquid pump in the polishing liquid container 505 starts to pump the polishing liquid, the polishing liquid flows to the dropping liquid pipe 503 through the delivery pipe 506, after several seconds (the polishing cloth is fully wet), the sample moves to the surface of the polishing turntable 501 for polishing, the polishing process is similar to the grinding process, and the direction of the next slide is ensured to be vertical to the direction of the previous slide. After the sample polishing is finished, the sample is controlled to move to a sample corrosion structure block 6, wherein a row of 3 test tube placing holes 601 are formed, and the liquid in each test tube is water, water and absolute ethyl alcohol (Cr)2O3Easily floated and thus twice water immersion cleaning) for cleaning of the polished sample in preparation for etching. After the immersion in the absolute alcohol, the second blower 116 blows the water to dry the water, and the polishing is completed.
(7) The sample is moved to the other row of test tube placing holes 601 of the sample corrosion structure block 6, and the liquids in the test tubes are corrosive liquid, water and absolute alcohol respectively. And controlling the sample to be respectively immersed into the four test tubes, sequentially completing the corrosion, water washing and absolute alcohol washing of the sample, and finally, drying the sample by using a blower 6 to complete the corrosion.
(8) And controlling the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism 2 to operate to the original point position, completing sample preparation, and taking out the sample.
It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A metallographic specimen preparation instrument comprises a frame, a metallographic specimen clamping mechanism, a five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism, a polishing mechanism and a specimen corrosion structure block; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the frame is used for providing supporting, guiding and positioning functions for the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism, the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism, the polishing mechanism and the specimen corrosion structure block;
the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism is used for finishing the clamping action on the specimen in the processes of grinding, polishing and corroding;
the polishing mechanism is used for finishing the automatic polishing process of the sample;
the polishing mechanism is used for finishing the automatic polishing process of the sample;
the sample corrosion structure block is used for completing the corrosion process of the sample;
and the five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism is connected with the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism and is used for controlling the movement track of the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism in the rack and matching the grinding mechanism, the polishing mechanism and the specimen corrosion structure block to finish the grinding, polishing and corrosion processes.
2. The metallographic specimen preparation instrument according to claim 1, wherein a specimen positioning block is mounted on the frame, and is used for placing a specimen and serving as an origin position of the specimen in the preparation process;
the sample positioning block is provided with a sample placing hole and at least one test tube placing hole.
3. The metallographic specimen preparation instrument according to claim 1, wherein said metallographic specimen holding mechanism comprises a rectangular block and two electromagnetic V-shaped blocks;
the rectangular block is provided with a sample positioning hole and a V-shaped block placing hole, and the sample positioning hole is vertically communicated with the V-shaped block placing hole and respectively penetrates through the rectangular block;
the electromagnetic V-shaped block is positioned in the V-shaped block placing hole, and when the two V-shaped blocks are mutually attracted, a sample positioned in the sample positioning hole is clamped.
4. The metallographic specimen preparation instrument according to claim 1, wherein said five-degree-of-freedom driving mechanism comprises a first horizontal support and a second horizontal support; wherein,
two parallel first sliding guide rails are arranged at the upper part of the frame, and the first horizontal support frame is arranged on the first sliding guide rails in a crossing manner;
two parallel second sliding guide rails are arranged at the upper part of the first horizontal support frame, and the second horizontal support frame is arranged on the second sliding guide rails in a crossing manner;
the arrangement direction of the first sliding guide rail is vertical to that of the second sliding guide rail;
two screw rods are arranged on the frame, the arrangement direction of the screw rods is the same as that of the first sliding guide rail, and a first stepping motor is arranged on each screw rod and used for pushing the first horizontal support frame to move along the direction of the first sliding guide rail;
two first push rod motors are arranged between the first horizontal support frame and the second horizontal support frame and are used for pushing the second horizontal support frame to move along the direction of the second sliding guide rail;
a rotating platform is arranged on the second horizontal supporting frame;
four second push rod motors are mounted on the rotating table, and the bottoms of the second push rod motors are connected with the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism and used for driving the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism to realize linear motion in the vertical direction;
a second stepping motor is arranged in the rotating platform and used for driving the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism to realize horizontal rotating motion by taking a second push rod motor as an axis;
and a third stepping motor is arranged at the bottom of the second push rod motor and used for driving the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism to realize the overturning motion by taking the metallographic specimen clamping mechanism as an axis.
5. The metallographic specimen preparation instrument according to claim 1, wherein said polishing mechanism comprises four sets of polishing turn tables, each set of polishing turn tables being provided with a servo motor;
each group of polishing turntables comprises an upper polishing turntable and a lower polishing turntable, the upper polishing turntable and the lower polishing turntable are connected through a rotating column, and a servo motor is used for driving the rotating column to rotate;
and grinding wheels or abrasive paper is adhered on the upper grinding turntable and the lower grinding turntable.
6. The metallographic specimen preparation instrument according to claim 5, wherein said rotary column comprises an upper rotary column and a lower rotary column; wherein,
the upper section rotating column is connected with the upper polishing turntable, and the lower section rotating column is connected with the lower polishing turntable;
the upper section rotating column is connected with the lower section rotating column in a detachable mode, and a fastening pin is arranged at the joint of the upper section rotating column and the lower section rotating column.
7. A metallographic specimen preparation instrument according to claim 1, wherein said polishing means comprises:
a polishing turntable;
a piece of polishing cloth is arranged on the polishing turntable, and the diameter of the polishing cloth is the same as that of the polishing turntable;
a servo motor for driving the polished tile disk to rotate;
the liquid dropping pipe is positioned above the polishing turntable and used for dropping the polishing liquid on the polishing turntable;
a funnel-shaped container located below the polishing turntable for storing the polishing liquid dripping from the polishing turntable;
a polishing liquid container, which is positioned at one side of the polishing turntable and is used for containing polishing liquid;
a polishing liquid delivery pipe is arranged between the polishing liquid container and the dropping liquid pipe, and a polishing liquid return pipe is arranged between the polishing liquid container and the funnel-shaped container;
a liquid pump and a rotary blade are installed in the polishing liquid container.
8. A metallographic specimen preparation instrument according to claim 1, wherein said sample corrosion structure block is provided with a plurality of test tube receiving holes.
9. The metallographic specimen preparation instrument according to claim 2, wherein a first blower is provided at said specimen positioning block; a second blower is provided at the location of the sample corrosion block.
10. The metallographic specimen preparation instrument according to claim 1, wherein said grinding mechanism is provided with a grinding mechanism housing, said grinding mechanism housing being connected to said frame by means of a magnet.
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| CN201410587916.1A CN104330294B (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2014-10-28 | A kind of metallographic specimen preparing instrument |
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| CN201410587916.1A CN104330294B (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2014-10-28 | A kind of metallographic specimen preparing instrument |
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