CN104330024A - Small mechanical part shape and position error detection device and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Small mechanical part shape and position error detection device and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104330024A CN104330024A CN201410546701.5A CN201410546701A CN104330024A CN 104330024 A CN104330024 A CN 104330024A CN 201410546701 A CN201410546701 A CN 201410546701A CN 104330024 A CN104330024 A CN 104330024A
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Abstract
The invention relates to mechanical part shape and position error detection equipment and particularly relates to a small mechanical part shape and position error detection device and a detection method thereof. The base of the detection device is equipped with a vibration disk which is connected to a material channel, and the material channel is supported by a material channel supporting rod installed at the top of the base and is corresponding to the feeding end of a conveying belt. Two sides of the conveying belt are equipped with limiting plates. A detection fixed frame is installed above the conveying belt and is internally equipped with a laser displacement sensor. The bottom of the detection fixed frame is equipped with an electromagnet, and a photoelectric switch corresponding to the electromagnet is arranged on the conveying belt. The material out end of the conveying belt is provided with a cylinder block, and the electromagnet, the conveying belt, the laser displacement sensor, the photoelectric switch and the cylinder block are connected with a control system. According to the small mechanical part shape and position error detection device and the detection method, the online detection of the multiple shape and position errors of a small regular part can be achieved, the manual intervention is not needed in the detection process, unqualified parts can be eliminated automatically, the automatic detection is realized, and the detection efficiency and accuracy are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mechanical component Form and position error checkout equipment, particularly one is towards small mechanical elements Form and position error pick-up unit and detection method.
Background technology
The Form and position error of mechanical component comprises the shape error such as flatness, linearity and the site error such as the depth of parallelism, verticality.The Form and position error detection method of general part is divided into contact measurement and the large class of non-contact detection two.Contact measurement method classic method mainly contains: feeler gauge ruler is measured, beat table mensuration, fluid level method; Common non-cpntact measurement has beam plane method, flat interferometer, level meter, laser interferometer, white light interferometer etc.
The detection of feeler gauge ruler to convex surface is put in by measured workpiece on reference field (marble), inserts feeler gauge at edge, and the feeler gauge below flatness error is by then workpiece is qualified.To the detection of concave surface, by means of ruler, propped up by ruler by side, inserted by feeler gauge, it is qualified that workpiece normally filled in by the following feeler gauge of same flatness error.
Beating table mensuration is be placed on dressing plate by tested part and micrometer, using dressing plate as measurement datum, measures along real surface pointwise or along several rectilinear directions with micrometer.Beat table mensuration and be divided into three point method and diagonal method by evaluation reference field: three point method be with 3 ideal planes determined of lie farthest away on tested real surface as evaluation reference field, are first adjusted to dressing plate contour at 3 of lie farthest away on tested real surface during actual measurement; First the angle point of four on real surface is adjusted to contour between two by diagonal line during diagonal method actual measurement.Then measure with micrometer, the maximum variation that micrometer records on whole real surface is the flatness error of this real surface.
Fluid level method is that fluid level is made up of the liquid level in " connection tank ", then measures with sensor with fluid level as measurement datum.This method is mainly used in the flatness error measuring large plane.Beam plane method adopts accurate value telescope and aiming target mirror to measure, and the beam plane selecting three points of lie farthest away on real surface to be formed is as the measurement datum of flatness error.Also laser planeness measuring instrument can be used to measure the error of large-scale flatness.
Level meter a kind of measures low-angle conventional measurer, may be used for measuring the horizontal level installed relative to the pitch angle of horizontal level, the flatness of lathe kind equipment guide rail and linearity, equipment and upright position etc.
In " a kind of Form and position error detection and assessment method towards covering frame purlin structure housing " (CN 103712532A), provide the Form and position error detection and assessment method of a kind of covering frame purlin structure housing, but also fail to realize Aulomatizeted Detect; In " portable shape and position error detection apparatus for large slewing parts " (CN 101476870A), provide a kind of portable shape and position error detection apparatus, but object-oriented can only be large slewing parts, detected object is single, and adaptive surface is narrow.A kind of multiprobe flatness detecting instrument and corresponding detection method thereof is provided in " a kind of multiprobe flatness detecting instrument and detection method thereof " (CN102620690B), this detector comprises measuring probe array, measures object lens, interference microscope, CCD imaging device, vertical scanning platform and horizontal table, and structure is simple and cost is low.But this checkout equipment can only detect for flatness, other shape errors be realized and position error detection is also more difficult.Need motion in the horizontal table measuring process of another placement sample, have motion just can not avoid vibration, and vibration also will affect the final accuracy of measurement result.
By above various Comparison between detecting methods analysis, the traditional detection method Problems existing of contact measurement is can not within one device the problem that Form and position error all detects, inefficiency and accuracy of detection is not high; And current existing contactless detection method not only can not realize on-line checkingi, and higher and checkout equipment expensive to environmental requirement.
Summary of the invention
According to above deficiency of the prior art, the problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of compact conformation, the on-line checkingi of the multiple Form and position error such as flatness, linearity, the depth of parallelism, verticality of small-sized regular part can be solved, and manual intervention is not needed in testing process, can automatic rejection rejected part, achieve detection robotization, improve detection efficiency and precision towards small mechanical elements Form and position error pick-up unit and detection method.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Described towards small mechanical elements Form and position error pick-up unit, comprise pedestal, pedestal installs vibrating disk, the discharging opening of vibrating disk is connected with the feed end in material road, material road is by being arranged on the material road they sup-port at pedestal top, the discharge end in material road is corresponding with the feed end of travelling belt, the both sides mounting limit plate of travelling belt, the top of travelling belt is installed and is detected fixed mount, detect in fixed mount and laser displacement sensor is installed, detect bottom fixed mount and electromagnet is installed, corresponding electromagnet arranges optoelectronic switch on a moving belt, the discharge end of travelling belt arranges cylinder block, electromagnet, travelling belt, laser displacement sensor, optoelectronic switch and cylinder block connection control system.
Described realizes automatic charging and permutation by vibrating disk to workpiece to be detected towards small mechanical elements Form and position error pick-up unit, simultaneously, what made by material road width is identical with the size of the width of the workpiece to be detected, avoids workpiece to be detected attitude in material road to convert; Arrange that limiting plate prevents swinging of workpiece to be detected on the belt, thus make workpiece enter surveyed area by original order and attitude.Magnet switching electricity achieves workpiece to be detected and travelling belt departs from, and avoids travelling belt to vibrate the error brought to measurement result; Whether luminous point opens the light and can detect workpiece accurately and put in place, thus sends signal, is determined the energising of conveyer belt and electromagnet by control system; The suitable cylinder that cylinder block adopts connects the structure of push pedal, promotes push pedal reject defective workpiece by cylinder.
Described achieving towards small mechanical elements Form and position error pick-up unit carries out orderly detection to workpiece to be detected, vibrating disk is utilized to realize the automatic charging of workpiece, by material road, workpiece is transported to driving-belt, when workpiece motion s to be detected is to when detecting position, workpiece triggers optoelectronic switch, travelling belt stop motion, is positioned at electromagnet energising above travelling belt and produces magnetic, now workpiece is drawn on electromagnet, by laser displacement sensor to workpiece surface and all around surface to carry out some range finding.After range finding terminates, electromagnet power-off, workpiece drops down onto travelling belt, transports workpiece and ship next workpiece by travelling belt, repeats measuring process above.When workpiece is defective, given an order by control system, by cylinder block, defective workpiece is rejected, whole process does not need manual intervention, achieve detection robotization, improve detection efficiency and precision, solve the problem on line detection of the multiple Form and position error such as flatness, linearity, the depth of parallelism, verticality of small-sized regular part.
Preferred further, the discharge end of travelling belt arranges the pieces O.K. container matched with it, and corresponding cylinder block arranges defective container in the side of travelling belt.Facilitate the categorised collection of qualified workpiece and defective workpiece, reduce the workload of staff, improve work efficiency.
Preferred further, vibrating disk is arranged on one end of pedestal, detects the other end that fixed mount is arranged on pedestal, and material road support bar is arranged on the centre position of pedestal.Facilitate the operation that whole system is orderly, the compact conformation of device, occupies little space, easy for installation.
Preferred further, to detect before fixed mount, below, the left side, the right side and all laser displacement sensor is installed above.Can be carried out the on-line checkingi of the multiple Form and position error such as flatness, linearity, the depth of parallelism, verticality by laser position sensors, and testing process is without the need to manual intervention, reduces cost of labor, improves accuracy of detection.
Preferred further, electromagnet at least arranges two pieces.Ensure stable being picked up by workpiece to be detected of electromagnet energy, good stability.
A kind of towards small mechanical elements Form and position error detection method, comprise the following steps:
1), vibrating disk and material road carry out orientation to workpiece to be detected and are sent to travelling belt;
2), travelling belt is by after work piece delivery to be detected to the below of detection fixed mount, workpiece to be detected triggers the optoelectronic switch on travelling belt, trigger pip is sent to control system by optoelectronic switch, control system controls travelling belt stop motion, electromagnet energising above travelling belt, workpiece to be detected is drawn on electromagnet by the electromagnet after energising;
3), after electromagnet adsorbs workpiece to be detected, laser displacement sensor to the upper surface of workpiece to be detected and all around surface carry out a range finding;
4) after, range finding terminates, laser displacement sensor sends distance measuring signal to control system, control system makes electromagnet power-off after receiving signal, workpiece is fallen on travelling belt and is moved forward with travelling belt, meanwhile, according to the information that laser displacement sensor sends, control system judges that whether workpiece to be detected is qualified;
5) if workpiece to be detected is qualified, control system does not then send any steering order, and qualified workpiece enters pieces O.K. container with travelling belt; If workpiece to be detected is defective, the action of control system control cylinder block, underproof workpiece is pushed defective container by cylinder block;
6), detect next workpiece to be detected, repeat above step.
Described laser displacement sensor carries out a method for range finding to workpiece to be detected:
1) reference field of workpiece to be detected, is determined;
2), carry out sampling on the surface at random at other except reference field of workpiece to be detected and get a little, select 3-6 point;
3) spacing of each point relative to laser displacement sensor, by laser displacement sensor is detected, wherein, each corresponding laser displacement sensor, all laser displacement sensors are all arranged in same level;
4) each point, detected by laser displacement sensor, to the distance of corresponding laser displacement sensor, selects maximal value and minimum value to do difference;
5), by the difference of maximal value and minimum value and permissible error compare, thus determine whether specification product.
Wherein, the measuring principle of flatness, linearity, the depth of parallelism, verticality:
Flatness refers to the deviation of macroscopical height of concave convex relative ideal plane that substrate has.Adopt the method for laser ranging, obtain the difference in height on out-of-plane between peak and minimum point, the tolerance range of difference in height and permission is compared, thus whether decision-making planeness of workpiece is in error range;
Such as: because plane is made up of numerous points, at the coordinate time of laser measuring point, all can not measure, therefore adopt the method for sampling, plane four angle points of square shaped part and central point are measured.What laser displacement sensor was measured is often relative to the spacing of generating laser, be set to δ
1, δ
2, δ
3, δ
4, δ
5, select maxima and minima, do difference:
δ
i-δ
j＝Δ
Calculating gained Δ is compared with flatness permissible error δ, thus whether interpretation flatness meets the requirements.
Straightness error determines by finding the minor increment comprising two parallel lines of this straight line.Carry out laser ranging to the some points of this straight line equally in the present invention, thus obtain the difference in height between peak and minimum point, and then compare with the tolerance range that linearity allows, whether decision-making workpiece linearity meets the requirements.
Parallelism tolerance is a kind of orientation tolerance, is the variation full dose that element to be measured relative datum allows on direction.Two face depth of parallelisms be with one of them face for reference field, observe another face whether be in being parallel to two of reference field at a distance of in two parallel surfaces of parallelism error.Measuring method of the present invention is similar to clock gauge measuring principle, is by locating a reference field, and measure maximum displacement and the least displacement of point in another face, its survey calculation method is same with the measurement of planeness.
Verticality, when benchmark is plane, be evaluated be plane time, verticality be perpendicular to reference plane and distance farthest two comprise the point in tested plane plane between distance.Measuring method of the present invention is with wherein simultaneously for reference field, by the horizontal range put between laser detection another side, evaluates water distance and error of perpendicularity size, thus judges whether workpiece verticality meets the requirements.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
1, the present invention adopts laser ranging method to carry out on-line checkingi to regular part, by whether qualified to the multilevel iudge part of the difference in height in plane between peak and minimum point and allowable tolerance, measuring method is simple, not only can realize the Multiple detection of Form and position error, also improve detection efficiency and accuracy of detection.
2, the present invention adopts electromagnetic principle to be detected after vibrating mass is kept apart by workpiece to be checked again, avoiding in testing process because vibrating the metrical error that brings, improve accuracy of detection and accuracy in detection.
3, the present invention adopts the cooperation of the parts such as optoelectronic switch, electromagnet, laser displacement sensor, cylinder block and control system, better achieve the management of piece test process, without the need to manual intervention in testing process, achieve the full-automatic on-line checkingi of workpiece.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is overhaul flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is measurement of planeness structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is squareness measurement structural representation of the present invention;
Wherein, 1, pedestal; 2, vibrating disk; 3, road is expected; 4, road support bar is expected; 5, limiting plate; 6, electromagnet; 7, laser displacement sensor; 8, control system; 9, fixed mount is detected; 10, travelling belt; 11, optoelectronic switch; 12, cylinder block; 13, defective container; 14, pieces O.K. container.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described further:
As shown in Figure 1, of the present invention towards small mechanical elements Form and position error pick-up unit, comprise pedestal 1, vibrating disk 2 is installed in one end of pedestal 1, the discharging opening of vibrating disk 2 is connected with the feed end in material road 3, material road 3 is supported by the material road support bar 4 being arranged on the top in pedestal 1 centre position, the discharge end in material road 3 is corresponding with the feed end of travelling belt 10, the both sides mounting limit plate 5 of travelling belt 10, the top of travelling belt 10 is installed and is detected fixed mount 9, detect the end that fixed mount 9 is arranged on pedestal 1, detect before fixed mount 9, below, the left side, the right side and be all provided with laser displacement sensor 7 above, the bottom detecting fixed mount 9 connects at least 2 blocks of electromagnet 6, the corresponding electromagnet 6 near travelling belt 10 discharge end arranges optoelectronic switch 11 on travelling belt 10, ensure when triggering optoelectronic switch 11, electromagnet 6 can by absorption of workpieces, the discharge end of travelling belt 10 arranges cylinder block 12, electromagnet 6, travelling belt 10, laser displacement sensor 7, optoelectronic switch 11 and cylinder block 12 connection control system 8.
The discharge end of travelling belt 10 arranges the pieces O.K. container 14 matched with it, corresponding cylinder block 12 arranges defective container 13 in the side of travelling belt 10, facilitate the categorised collection of qualified workpiece and defective workpiece, reduce the workload of staff, improve work efficiency.
As shown in Figure 2, of the present invention towards small mechanical elements Form and position error detection method, comprise the following steps:
1), vibrating disk 2 and material road 3 carry out orientation to workpiece to be detected and are sent to travelling belt 10;
2), travelling belt 10 is by after work piece delivery to be detected to the below of detection fixed mount 9, workpiece to be detected triggers the optoelectronic switch 11 on travelling belt 10, trigger pip is sent to control system 8 by optoelectronic switch 11, control system 8 controls travelling belt 10 stop motion, electromagnet 6 above travelling belt 10 is energized, and workpiece to be detected is drawn on electromagnet 6 by the electromagnet 6 after energising;
3), after electromagnet 6 adsorbs workpiece to be detected, laser displacement sensor 7 to the upper surface of workpiece to be detected and all around surface carry out a range finding;
4) after, range finding terminates, laser displacement sensor 7 sends distance measuring signal to control system 8, control system 8 makes electromagnet 6 power-off after receiving signal, workpiece is fallen on travelling belt 10 and is moved forward with travelling belt 10, meanwhile, according to the information that laser displacement sensor 7 sends, control system 8 judges that whether workpiece to be detected is qualified;
5) if workpiece to be detected is qualified, control system 8 does not send any steering order, and qualified workpiece enters pieces O.K. container 14 with travelling belt; If workpiece to be detected is defective, the action of control system 8 control cylinder block 12, underproof workpiece is pushed defective container 13 by cylinder block 12;
6), detect next workpiece to be detected, repeat above step.
As Figure 3-Figure 4, laser displacement sensor 7 of the present invention to the method that workpiece to be detected to carry out some range finding is:
1) reference field of workpiece to be detected, is determined;
2), carry out sampling on the surface at random at other except reference field of workpiece to be detected and get a little, select 3-6 point;
3) spacing of each point relative to laser displacement sensor 7, by laser displacement sensor 7 is detected, wherein, each corresponding laser displacement sensor 7, all laser displacement sensors 7 are all arranged in same level;
4) each point, detected by laser displacement sensor 7, to the distance of corresponding laser displacement sensor 7, selects maximal value and minimum value to do difference;
5), by the difference of maximal value and minimum value and permissible error compare, thus determine whether specification product.
The present invention utilizes electromagnetic principle to be kept apart from vibrating mass by workpiece to be checked, then detects, and avoids in testing process because vibrating the metrical error brought; Adopt laser displacement sensor to find range, achieve workpiece Form and position error Multiple detection, and improve detection efficiency and precision; The present invention controls the cooperation of travelling belt, electromagnet, optoelectronic switch, cylinder block and laser position sensors by control system, workpiece is carried out sequence and detects, better achieve the management of piece test process and the full-automatic on-line checkingi of workpiece.
Claims (7)
1. one kind towards small mechanical elements Form and position error pick-up unit, comprise pedestal (1), it is characterized in that: pedestal (1) is installed vibrating disk (2), the discharging opening of vibrating disk (2) is connected with the feed end of material road (3), material road (3) is supported by material road support bar (4) being arranged on pedestal (1) top, the discharge end of material road (3) is corresponding with the feed end of travelling belt (10), both sides mounting limit plate (5) of travelling belt (10), the top of travelling belt (10) is installed and is detected fixed mount (9), detect in fixed mount (9) and laser displacement sensor (7) is installed, detect fixed mount (9) bottom and electromagnet (6) is installed, corresponding electromagnet (6) arranges optoelectronic switch (11) on travelling belt (10), the discharge end of travelling belt (10) arranges cylinder block (12), electromagnet (6), travelling belt (10), laser displacement sensor (7), optoelectronic switch (11) and cylinder block (12) connection control system (8).
2. according to claim 1 towards small mechanical elements Form and position error pick-up unit, it is characterized in that: the discharge end of described travelling belt (10) arranges the pieces O.K. container (14) matched with it, and corresponding cylinder block (12) arranges defective container (13) in the side of travelling belt (10).
3. according to claim 1 towards small mechanical elements Form and position error pick-up unit, it is characterized in that: described vibrating disk (2) is arranged on one end of pedestal (1), detect the other end that fixed mount (9) is arranged on pedestal (1), material road support bar (4) is arranged on the centre position of pedestal (1).
4. according to claim 1 towards small mechanical elements Form and position error pick-up unit, it is characterized in that: before described detection fixed mount (9), below, the left side, the right side and laser displacement sensor (7) is all installed above.
5. according to claim 1 towards small mechanical elements Form and position error pick-up unit, it is characterized in that: described electromagnet (6) at least arranges two pieces.
6., towards a small mechanical elements Form and position error detection method, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1), vibrating disk (2) and material road (3) carry out orientation to workpiece to be detected and are sent to travelling belt (10);
2), travelling belt (10) is by after work piece delivery to be detected to the below detecting fixed mount (9), workpiece to be detected triggers the optoelectronic switch (11) on travelling belt (10), trigger pip is sent to control system (8) by optoelectronic switch (11), control system (8) controls travelling belt (10) stop motion, electromagnet (6) energising of travelling belt (10) top, workpiece to be detected is drawn on electromagnet (6) by the electromagnet (6) after energising;
3), after electromagnet (6) adsorbs workpiece to be detected, laser displacement sensor (7) to the upper surface of workpiece to be detected and all around surface carry out a range finding;
4) after, range finding terminates, distance measuring signal is sent to control system (8) by laser displacement sensor (7), electromagnet (6) power-off is made after control system (8) receives signal, workpiece is fallen on travelling belt (10) and is moved forward with travelling belt (10), meanwhile, according to the information that laser displacement sensor (7) sends, control system (8) judges that whether workpiece to be detected is qualified;
5) if workpiece to be detected is qualified, control system (8) does not then send any steering order, and qualified workpiece enters pieces O.K. container (14) with travelling belt (10); If workpiece to be detected is defective, control system (8) control cylinder block (12) action, underproof workpiece is pushed defective container (13) by cylinder block (12);
6), detect next workpiece to be detected, repeat above step.
7. according to claim 6 towards small mechanical elements Form and position error detection method, it is characterized in that: laser displacement sensor (7) carries out a method for range finding to workpiece to be detected and is:
1) reference field of workpiece to be detected, is determined;
2), carry out sampling on the surface at random at other except reference field of workpiece to be detected and get a little, select 3-6 point;
3), the spacing of each point relative to laser displacement sensor (7) is detected by laser displacement sensor (7), wherein, each corresponding laser displacement sensor (7), all laser displacement sensors (7) are all arranged in same level;
4) each point, detected by laser displacement sensor (7), to the distance of corresponding laser displacement sensor (7), selects maximal value and minimum value to do difference;
5), by the difference of maximal value and minimum value and permissible error compare, thus determine whether specification product.
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