CN101685003B - Measurement system and method for measuring deformation values in noncontact way - Google Patents
Measurement system and method for measuring deformation values in noncontact way Download PDFInfo
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- CN101685003B CN101685003B CN2008101680488A CN200810168048A CN101685003B CN 101685003 B CN101685003 B CN 101685003B CN 2008101680488 A CN2008101680488 A CN 2008101680488A CN 200810168048 A CN200810168048 A CN 200810168048A CN 101685003 B CN101685003 B CN 101685003B
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Abstract
The invention discloses measurement system and method for measuring deformation values in a noncontact way. The measurement system comprises a lifting device and a plurality of ranging devices. The lifting device is provided with a platform, one or two upright posts and a lifting arm. A workpiece to be measured is placed on the platform, the upright post(s) is (are) arranged on the platform, the lifting arm can lift on the upright post(s), and an exchangeable plate which can be exchanged is loaded on the lifting arm. The ranging devices are arranged on a plurality of preset positions of the exchangeable plate one by one, each ranging device is provided with a light beam emitting unit and a light beam receiving unit. When the measurement is carried out, the lifting arm lifts the exchangeable plate to enable the ranging devices to be away from the workpiece to be measured for a preset distance, the light beam emitting unit emits light beams to the workpiece to be measured, the light beams are reflected to the light beam receiving unit, the ranging devices range the distance value, and the deformation value of the workpiece to be measured is calculated by the distance value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention particularly utilizes distance measuring equipment and jacking gear to constitute measurement system, with the deformation values of contactless measurement workpiece for measurement about a kind of measurement system and method thereof of measuring deformation values in noncontact.
Background technology
For working of plastics, metalwork or various workpiece, Chang Yin is heated or factor such as pressurization and cause the distortion of workpiece, as is upturned or is bent downwardly etc.At present on the measurement equipment of deformation values, mostly be to use thick gauge to measure the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of workpiece for measurement earlier, perhaps use three-dimensional (3D) image-scanning system, with the distance value of contactless measurement detecting head, calculate the deformation values of workpiece for measurement again according to a plurality of one-tenth-value thickness 1/10s or distance value to workpiece for measurement.
With thick gauge, it is divided into the gauge of direct measurement usefulness, as micrometer or vernier scale; And the gauge that measures usefulness indirectly, as endoporus micrometer, small-hole gauge, indication scale or ruler.But no matter be direct or indirect measurement, thick gauge all needs to contact with workpiece for measurement, and measures the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of each point one by one by the user, to calculate deformation values according to these a little one-tenth-value thickness 1/10s.Because the precision of thick gauge is not high, be difficult for measuring the subtle change of one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 sometimes, add artificial factor, regular meeting produces error and causes incorrect judgement, moreover the direct contact measured workpiece of thick gauge, also may cause damage to workpiece for measurement.
Again with the 3-dimensional image scanning system, because of utilization laser three-D image technology,, be not vulnerable to artificial factor so can accurately measure the distance value of detecting head to workpiece for measurement yet,, can not damage workpiece for measurement naturally because of using contactless measurement distance value yet.But the 3-dimensional image scanning system is quite expensive, and except the specific unit of only a few, general user can't use the 3-dimensional image scanning system.
Therefore, how to provide a kind of contactless measurement system, to avoid damageeing workpiece for measurement, and the expense of reduction manpower and equipment, promote the precision of deformation values simultaneously, can also allow contactless measurement system be used by the user widely, become the problem of needing solution badly.
For solving the shortcoming of prior art, to satisfy the demand of user to contactless measurement system, the inventor is based on going in for the study for many years and many practical experience, through research and design and special topic are inquired in many ways, in the present invention a kind of measurement system and method thereof of measuring deformation values in noncontact are proposed, with implementation and basis as aforementioned expectation.
Summary of the invention
Because above-mentioned problem, the measurement system and the method thereof that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of measuring deformation values in noncontact, particularly utilize distance measuring equipment and jacking gear or whirligig to constitute measurement system, whereby with the deformation values of contactless measurement workpiece for measurement.Simultaneously, the present invention is with respect to the effect of prior art, except that can not damageeing the workpiece for measurement, and can significantly reduce the cost of manpower and equipment, also can improve the precision of measurement system, more can allow contactless measurement system be used widely.And the present invention goes back the distance of liftable distance measuring equipment, perhaps distance measuring equipment is rotated to the outside, in order to placing or take out workpiece for measurement, and also can the value of adjusting the distance and deformation values is analyzed, demonstration or record.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of measurement system of measuring deformation values in noncontact, and it comprises a jacking gear and a plurality of distance measuring equipment in one embodiment.Wherein, jacking gear has a platform, at least one column and a lifting arm.A workpiece for measurement is placed in the top of platform, and column is located on the platform, and the lifting arm can lifting on column, and is loaded with one and can substitutes plate.Can substitute buttress and set up the position of these a little distance measuring equipments according to the real needs of workpiece for measurement.And these a little distance measuring equipments are located at the plurality of predetermined positions that can substitute plate one by one, and each distance measuring equipment has a beam emissions unit and a light beam receiving element.
When measuring, can substitute plate by the lifting of lifting arm, make these a little distance measuring equipments and the workpiece for measurement preset distance of being separated by, a little beam emissions unit thus to launch a light beam respectively to workpiece for measurement, make these a little light beams reflect so far a little light beam receiving elements separately, and a little thus distance measuring equipments measure a plurality of distance values, and then according to these a little distance values and a comparison with reference to workpiece or standard workpiece institute measurement, can calculate a deformation values of workpiece for measurement.
Measure and do not limit the measurement component position, in another embodiment, belong to this situation exactly in the top of determinand.Distance measuring equipment is positioned at the platform below, and workpiece still places the platform top, and therefore, platform has the plurality of holes hole, can launch from lower to upper to allow light beam, and folded light beam also can be received smoothly.
Certainly, we also can to make measurement system be the combination of above-mentioned two embodiment.
In another embodiment, the lifting arm is except can be on column the lifting, and it also can rotate, and goes to the workpiece top by the column outside (workpiece for measurement relatively), and such benefit is that workpiece for measurement can easier placement or taking-up,
Above-mentioned measurement system all includes a control device, and the lifting that control device can the operate lifting arm measures, record measurement and calculate deflection.
The method for measurement of measuring deformation values in noncontact of the present invention, it comprises the following step:
(a) provide a jacking gear, it has a platform, at least one column and a lifting arm.Column is located on the platform, and the lifting arm is located on the column, and is loaded with the plate substituted that can substitute.Each precalculated position that can substitute plate is provided with a distance measuring equipment, and each distance measuring equipment has a beam emissions unit and a light beam receiving element.
(b) be positioned on the platform with reference to workpiece one.
(c) lifting can be substituted plate, makes these a little distance measuring equipments and the preset distance of being separated by with reference to workpiece.
(d) the reference workpiece is imposed one and measure to handle,, measure one by one and record in the hope of the reference position at this a little distance measuring equipments place and distance value with reference to a measured point of workpiece.This measures and handles is to launch a light beam to the measured point with reference to workpiece with the beam emissions unit, and is tried to achieve by the reflection of light beam receiving element receiving beam.And distance value is to measure method, phase differential measurement method, flight time measurement method or various distance measuring methods with a triangle principle to be measured.
(e) will take out with reference to workpiece.
(f) workpiece for measurement is placed on the platform, and position calibration process according to the reference workpiece.
(g) lifting can be substituted plate, makes these a little distance measuring equipments and the workpiece for measurement preset distance of being separated by.
(h) workpiece for measurement is imposed and handle, measure one by one and record with reference to the measurement of workpiece opposite position.
(i) relatively a plurality of measured point of workpiece for measurement with reference to a plurality of measured some gained of workpiece apart from difference, to judge the deformation values of workpiece for measurement.This deformation values equals this and deducts minimal difference apart from maximum difference in the difference a bit, again divided by this a bit apart from the mean value of difference.
In sum, the measurement system of measuring deformation values in noncontact of the present invention and method thereof with respect to prior art, have following advantage, and effect is significant:
(a) utilize distance measuring equipment and jacking gear or full wind-up to constitute measurement system,, can not cause damage workpiece for measurement with the distance value of contactless measurement workpiece for measurement.
(b) compare with thick gauge, this measurement system is the precision of lifting capacity examining system significantly, and the erroneous judgement of avoiding human factor to cause.
(c) compare with the 3-dimensional image scanning system, this measurement system is quite economical and practical, can significantly reduce the cost of equipment, and allow measurement system be used widely.
(d) by the distance of lifting arm rising distance measuring equipment, perhaps distance measuring equipment is rotated to the outside, place or take out workpiece for measurement in order to the user.
(e) can once put in a large number and measure simultaneously, therefore, speed can be very fast.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the measurement system of measuring deformation values in noncontact of the present invention and the first embodiment synoptic diagram of method thereof.
Fig. 2 is the measurement system of measuring deformation values in noncontact of the present invention and the second embodiment synoptic diagram of method thereof.
Fig. 3 is the measurement system of measuring deformation values in noncontact of the present invention and the 3rd embodiment synoptic diagram of method thereof.
The main element symbol description
1: measurement system 11: jacking gear
111: platform 112: column
113: lifting arm 114: can substitute plate
115: workpiece for measurement 116: first direction
117: second direction 12: distance measuring equipment
12a: beam emissions unit 12b: light beam receiving element
121: light beam 13: control device
131: microprocessor 134: display unit
135: storage element 136: transmission line
21: dull and stereotyped 22: hole
31: full wind-up 34: sense of rotation
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent, hereinafter according to the measurement system and the method thereof of measuring deformation values in noncontact of the present invention, especially exemplified by preferred embodiment, and cooperate appended correlative type, be described in detail below, wherein components identical will be illustrated with the components identical symbol.
See also Fig. 1, be the measurement system of measuring deformation values in noncontact of the present invention and the first embodiment synoptic diagram of method thereof.Among the figure, measurement system 1 comprises a jacking gear 11, a plurality of distance measuring equipment 12 and a control device 13.Wherein, jacking gear 11 has a platform 111, two columns 112 and a lifting arm 113.Placing a workpiece for measurement 115, two columns 112 on this platform 111 is located on the platform 111.And lifting arm 113 is located on two columns 112, and the plate substituted 114 that can substitute of clamping one.Two columns 112 only are examples that is convenient to illustrate, are not in order to limit the present invention, in fact only to have a column 112 also to be fine.
These a little distance measuring equipments 12 are located at the plurality of predetermined positions that can substitute plate 114 one by one, and this can substitute plate 114 is set up these a little distance measuring equipments 12 according to the real needs of workpiece for measurement 115 position.Each distance measuring equipment 12 has a beam emissions unit 12a and a light beam receiving element 12b and is electrically connected at a control device 13, with a preferred embodiment distance measuring equipment 12 is a laser range finder, send light beam to a measured point on measured workpiece surface by beam emissions unit 12a, received by light beam receiving element 12b again after the reflection.Light beam receiving element 12b with a preferred embodiment, for example is a plurality of optical sensors with respect to the light beam of beam emissions unit 12a.In addition, control device 13 comprises a microprocessor 131, a display unit 134 and a storage element 135 at least.
When measuring, drive lifting arm 113 by a slide rail or a gear (figure does not show), lifting arm 113 is descended according to first direction 116 can substitute plate 114, and make these a little distance measuring equipments 12 and workpiece for measurement 115 preset distance of being separated by.Then, control signal is sent by the I/O port of microprocessor 131 and is flowed to the beam emissions unit 12a of distance measuring equipment 12 by transmission line 136, and one of them receiving optical signals of a plurality of optical sensors of light beam receiving element 12b can calculate distance according to this.Storage element 135 can be that microprocessor 131 random access memory own also can be other external storeies.Microprocessor 131 can according to the data of a plurality of measured points with analyze the deflection of workpiece for measurement with reference to the data of corresponding positions of workpiece, and be shown on the display unit 134.
Detailed step is as follows:
(a) jacking gear 11 as shown in Figure 2, it has a platform 111, two columns 112 (also can have only a column as previously mentioned) and a lifting arm 113.Column 112 is located on the platform 111, and lifting arm 113 is located on the column 112, and the plate substituted 114 that can substitute of clamping one.Each precalculated position that can substitute plate 114 is provided with a distance measuring equipment 12, and each distance measuring equipment 12 has a beam emissions unit 12a and a light beam receiving element 12b.
(b) be positioned on the platform 111 with reference to workpiece one.Be meant to have unidimensionally with reference to workpiece and workpiece for measurement with reference to workpiece, but do not have the workpiece of distortion, even or have distortion also at least within the acceptable range, with as a reference.And workpiece for measurement be plastics part, rubber workpiece, wooden workpiece, metal works wherein any.On plated film is arranged or does not have the workpiece of plated film.For example, metal-coated membrane is arranged on the plastics part, this type more easily has distortion usually, for example because of being heated or stressed workpiece itself or plated film upwarp or be out of shape.See through equipment of the present invention can be fast and multiple spot measure deflection.
(c) plate 114 be can substitute along first direction 116, second direction 117 liftings, these a little distance measuring equipments 12 and the preset distance of being separated by with reference to workpiece made.With a preferred embodiment, have 20 approximately to 40mm.
(d) the reference workpiece is imposed one and measure to handle,, measure one by one and record in the hope of the reference position at these a little distance measuring equipments 12 places and distance value with reference to a measured point of workpiece.This measure to handle is to launch a light beam 121 to the measured point of reference workpiece with beam emissions unit 12a, and by receiving wherein of a plurality of optical sensors of light beam receiving element 12b.Calculate (distance of incident angle known and light launching site and sensing points) with trigonometric function again and draw distance value.Other also can utilize phase differential to measure method or the flight time measures method.
(e) will take out with reference to workpiece.
(f) workpiece for measurement 115 is placed on the platform 111, and position calibration according to the reference workpiece.
(g) can substitute plate 114 along first direction 116, second direction 117 liftings, make these a little distance measuring equipments 12 and the workpiece for measurement identical preset distance of being separated by.
(h) workpiece for measurement 115 being imposed and handle with reference to the measurement of workpiece opposite position, measure one by one and record, is example with the plastics part metal-coated membrane, and each corner point of workpiece is often selected in the measured point.
(i) relatively a plurality of measured point of workpiece for measurement 115 with reference to a plurality of measured some gained of workpiece apart from difference, to judge the deformation values of workpiece for measurement 115.The simple algorithm of deflection can be that calculate respectively each measured point, for example this point is divided by apart from difference and this measured point one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 with reference to workpiece, perhaps put and assess with several, promptly find out above-mentioned several and deduct minimal difference person, be divided by with the thickness average value of workpiece itself again apart from maximum difference in the difference.For preventing that workpiece for measurement from certain position, measured point workpiece curved and other measured point that makes progress may take place is recessed, and causes positive and negative offseting, and practical distortion exists, and therefore, each difference can take absolute value.
See also Fig. 2, be the measurement system of measuring deformation values in noncontact of the present invention and the second embodiment synoptic diagram of method thereof.The method of measuring a plurality of measured points distance is with first embodiment.Second embodiment changes from first embodiment.Different is, be positioned on the column 112 this platform 111 above locate to be provided with a flat board 21 parallel with platform 111, distance measuring equipment 12 is positioned at dull and stereotyped 21 belows.Workpiece for measurement 115 still is positioned on dull and stereotyped 21, therefore, dull and stereotyped 21 are provided with a plurality of holes 22, these a little distance measuring equipment 12 emitted light beams can be got to be measured of workpiece for measurement 115 through a little holes 22 thus, and received by light beam receiving element 12b again via hole 22, so also can measure workpiece for measurement.
Certainly, embodiments of the invention also can measure the workpiece tow sides and carry out simultaneously.
See also Fig. 3, be the measurement system of measuring deformation values in noncontact of the present invention and the 3rd embodiment synoptic diagram of method thereof.Among the figure, measurement system 1 comprises two rotatable arms 31, replaces the lifting arm.Rotatable arm 31 usually can be in the outside of column, the rotatable arm 31 shown in solid line among the figure.During measurement, workpiece places on the platform 111, more rotatable arm 31 is forwarded to the top (rotatable arm 31 and measuring equipment 12 are represented by dotted lines) of workpiece with sense of rotation 34 as shown in the figure.Its measurement method is equally as described in the embodiment one.
Though the present invention illustrates as above with preferred embodiments, so it is not only to terminate in the foregoing description in order to limit the present invention's spirit with the invention entity.Allly be familiar with this operator, when understanding and utilize other element or mode to produce identical effect easily.Therefore, the modification of being done in not breaking away from spirit of the present invention and category all should be included in the claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the measurement system of a contactless measurement workpiece for measurement deformation values is characterized in that, comprises at least:
One Height Adjustable measuring equipment comprises a platform, at least one column, and a lifting arm, one can substitute plate, and this can substitute that plate is parallel to this platform and by this lifting arm clamping, and this lifting arm can lifting on this at least one column;
A plurality of distance measuring equipments are located at respectively on this predeterminated position that can substitute plate, and each this distance measuring equipment is provided with a beam emissions unit and a light beam receiving element;
On carrying out platform during the deformation measurement of a workpiece for measurement, measure a plurality of reference distance value of the reference workpiece that is same as this workpiece for measurement with these a plurality of distance measuring equipments, continuous and measure a plurality of distance values of this workpiece for measurement relevant position, compare its difference, during measurement, adjust height to a default value of this lifting arm earlier, again with the beam emissions unit of these a plurality of distance measuring equipments emission light beam to this workpiece for measurement or should be with reference to workpiece, and each freely the light beam receiving element of these a plurality of distance measuring equipments accept to carry out distance measuring, by this workpiece for measurement and this more i.e. deflection as can be known with reference to the workpiece distance.
2. the measurement system of contactless measurement workpiece for measurement deformation values as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned beam emissions unit is a laser head, and above-mentioned light beam receiving element comprises several light sensing units, and is electrically connected at a control device.
3. the measurement system of contactless measurement workpiece for measurement deformation values as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, above-mentioned control device calculates the distance of those distance measuring equipments and measured point according to light launching site and this light sensing unit.
4. the measurement system of contactless measurement workpiece for measurement deformation values as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned control device comprises a microprocessor, a display, this microprocessor receives the signal from this light sensing unit, analyzing those distance values, and according to this with reference to the workpiece comparison to draw this deformation values.
5. the measurement system of contactless measurement workpiece for measurement deformation values as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned workpiece for measurement be plastics part product, rubber workpiece, wooden workpiece, metal works wherein any.
6. the measurement system of contactless measurement workpiece for measurement deformation values as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, be positioned on the column this platform above locate to be provided with a flat board, the above-mentioned plate substituted is positioned at this flat board below, being positioned at this, can to substitute these a plurality of distance measuring equipments on the plate be to launch light beam from lower to upper and this flat board is provided with a plurality of holes, with the emission light beam that these a plurality of distance measuring equipments are provided be able to by, and reflex time can be received by this distance measuring equipment.
7. the measurement system of contactless measurement workpiece for measurement deformation values as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned lifting arm is a rotatable arm, is that rotating shaft turns to or turn off this platform with the column.
8. the measurement system of contactless measurement workpiece for measurement deformation values as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned column is two, and rotatable arm also is two, described rotatable arm can lifting on this two column, when rotatable arm went to the platform top, this can substitute plate by this two full wind-ups clamping again.
9. the method for measurement of a measuring deformation values in noncontact is characterized in that, comprises the following step:
One jacking gear is provided, it has a platform, at least one column and a lifting arm, this column is located on this platform, this lifting arm is located on this column, and the plate substituted that can substitute of clamping one, this each precalculated position that can substitute plate is provided with a distance measuring equipment, and each distance measuring equipment has a beam emissions unit and a light beam receiving element;
Be positioned on this platform with reference to workpiece one;
This can substitute plate lifting, makes those distance measuring equipments and this with reference to the workpiece preset distance of being separated by;
This is imposed one with reference to workpiece measure processing, a reference position and this distance value in the hope of those distance measuring equipment places with reference to a measured point of workpiece, measure one by one and record, wherein to handle be to launch a light beam to this this measured point with reference to workpiece with this beam emissions unit for this measurement, and received the reflection of this light beam and tried to achieve by this light beam receiving element;
Should take out with reference to workpiece;
One workpiece for measurement is placed on this platform, and position calibration process with reference to workpiece according to this;
This can substitute plate lifting, makes those distance measuring equipments and this workpiece for measurement this preset distance of being separated by;
This workpiece for measurement is imposed and this this measurement processing with reference to the workpiece opposite position, measure one by one and record; And
Relatively a plurality of measured point of this workpiece for measurement and this with reference to a plurality of measured some gained of workpiece apart from difference, to judge the deformation values of this workpiece for measurement.
10. the method for measurement of measuring deformation values in noncontact as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, this deformation values equals those and deducts minimal difference apart from maximum difference in the difference, again divided by those mean value apart from difference.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2008101680488A CN101685003B (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Measurement system and method for measuring deformation values in noncontact way |
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| CN2008101680488A CN101685003B (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Measurement system and method for measuring deformation values in noncontact way |
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| CN101685003A CN101685003A (en) | 2010-03-31 |
| CN101685003B true CN101685003B (en) | 2010-12-08 |
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| CN2008101680488A Expired - Fee Related CN101685003B (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2008-09-25 | Measurement system and method for measuring deformation values in noncontact way |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102538686A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-07-04 | 财团法人金属工业研究发展中心 | Thickness measurement method |
| CN102735197B (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | 北京北一机床股份有限公司 | System and method for automatically detecting correctness of clamping posture of workpiece |
| CN103769949A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-05-07 | 上海京美电脑机械有限公司 | Workpiece detection device and method of machining machine |
| CN105277163A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-27 | 上海日立电器有限公司 | Device for on-line detection judgment of height difference of two points on workpiece |
| CN107449662B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2024-04-09 | 邹如飞 | Force application effect detection device and method and strain detection system and method |
| CN106092829A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 深圳市大族三维科技有限公司 | A kind of elastomeric objects stalagmometry head and measuring instrument |
| CN108519402B (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2020-12-22 | 北京工业大学 | Device and method for measuring re-heating wire shrinkage rate of ultrathin glass by laser method |
| CN109556519A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-04-02 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of extension deforming high precision measuring device and method |
| CN110411325B (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-06-15 | 广西财经学院 | Civil engineering reinforcing bar warp measuring device |
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| DE2529491A1 (en) * | 1975-07-02 | 1977-01-20 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Elastic object residual deformation detector - is esp. for easily deformable sealing element and uses two compression plates |
| WO1993008447A1 (en) * | 1991-10-22 | 1993-04-29 | Tamglass Engineering Oy | Method and device for measuring the degree of bending in a glass sheet |
| DE19859801A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-07-06 | Bernward Maehner | Real time deformation determination for test objects, correcting brightness values of differential image pixels |
| CN201107035Y (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2008-08-27 | 深圳市新三思材料检测有限公司 | Apparatus for measuring deformation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2529491A1 (en) * | 1975-07-02 | 1977-01-20 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Elastic object residual deformation detector - is esp. for easily deformable sealing element and uses two compression plates |
| WO1993008447A1 (en) * | 1991-10-22 | 1993-04-29 | Tamglass Engineering Oy | Method and device for measuring the degree of bending in a glass sheet |
| DE19859801A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-07-06 | Bernward Maehner | Real time deformation determination for test objects, correcting brightness values of differential image pixels |
| CN201107035Y (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2008-08-27 | 深圳市新三思材料检测有限公司 | Apparatus for measuring deformation |
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