CN109341566A - A kind of round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type - Google Patents
A kind of round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type Download PDFInfo
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- CN109341566A CN109341566A CN201811005543.7A CN201811005543A CN109341566A CN 109341566 A CN109341566 A CN 109341566A CN 201811005543 A CN201811005543 A CN 201811005543A CN 109341566 A CN109341566 A CN 109341566A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detectors of stand alone type, including first laser range finding probe, second laser range finding probe, power supply, MCU control unit and host computer;Two laser ranging probes are spaced apart to be arranged right above conveyer belt, the laser light source of laser ranging probe uses a wordline light curtain, after first laser range finding probe detects examining object, MCU control unit starts timing, after second laser range finding probe detects examining object, MCU control unit stops timing and calculates conveying tape speed, continues to complete the scanning to contour of object by second laser range finding probe.The configuration of the present invention is simple cooperates, measurement efficiency height, wide coverage without conveyer belt, provides preferable solution for automated production or detection assembly line.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser profile detection fields, and in particular to a kind of round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape inspection of stand alone type
Survey instrument.
Background technique
For the two-dimensional contour shape detection of unknown object, current measurement method both domestic and external is more.Three-coordinates measuring machine
And general profile measurer can realize the two-dimensional silhouette detection of unknown object, but its measuring principle limits the size of detection object
Size simultaneously may cause to damage to body surface, and must be realized by manual operation, and measurement efficiency is lower.
For laser profile scanner with high precision based on the realization of motor cooperation single-point laser ranging scan, test device structure is multiple
Miscellaneous, measuring targets shape and object under test placement location are more demanding, still need to be subject to human assistance.The better optics wheel of effect
The structures such as wide instrument, laser 3 d scanner are increasingly complex, and object under test need to be placed on fixed position by when detection, only can measure every time
One object, and realize that the single body time is longer since it must be aided with complicated Processing Algorithm, efficiency is lower and price is high
Expensive, cost performance is extremely low for general measurement.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detectors of stand alone type, solve existing skill
The workpiece size or shape that coverage area existing for art is low, is capable of measuring are limited, structure is complicated, measurement efficiency is low, measurement
Time is longer, expensive problem.
Realize the technical solution of the object of the invention are as follows: a kind of round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type, packet
Include first laser range finding probe, second laser range finding probe, power supply, MCU control unit and host computer;
The first laser range finding probe and one fixed range of second laser range finding probe interval are installed in detector, are examined
It surveys instrument to be fixed on right above conveyer belt, two laser ranging probes are vertically against conveyer belt;
The laser light source of the first laser range finding probe and second laser range finding probe uses a wordline light curtain, covers whole
A conveying bandwidth;
After the first laser range finding probe detects examining object, MCU control unit starts timing, when second laser is surveyed
After probe detection to examining object, MCU control unit stops timing and calculates conveying tape speed, is surveyed by the second laser
The scanning to contour of object is continued to complete away from probe;
After object body to be measured passes through the plane of scanning motion, a series of scannings songs are measured by range information by laser ranging probe
Line, MCU control unit carry out preliminary treatment to these data, temporal information are switched to range information, and carry out smothing filtering, and
It is uploaded to host computer, host computer complete picture goes out the two-dimensional silhouette of object.
Compared with prior art, remarkable advantage of the invention are as follows: (1) present invention is using a wordline linear light sorurce as single
The light source of laser ranging probe, compared to traditional point light source, wide coverage is no longer limited to laser point beam location, and
The fan-shaped region that a wordline light curtain is included is extended to, which can replace multiple dotted rangefinders of tradition, save into
This, provides solution for that need to cover the large-range measuring of the entire width of assembly line conveyer belt, while avoiding single-point laser
Ranging two-dimensional silhouette when measuring irregularly shaped object describes wrong situation;(2) the freestanding measurement scheme of the present invention, no
Dependent on the cooperation of conveyer belt or high-precision motor, instrument cost is substantially reduced, and structure is simple, without to existing when installation
Assembly line does any change;(3) form scan that the present invention carries out two-dimentional side profile just for object detects, without CCD
Or Multi-point detection device, therefore circuit is simple and without carrying out complicated algorithm process, real-time is high, is fully-automatic production or detection stream
Waterline is provided convenience condition, and cost performance is high;(4) measurement efficiency of the present invention is high, is working for automated production, detection line
The particularity that continuous work is still needed under conditions of environment such as illumination, temperature easily generation acute variation, using increment type PID algorithm
Real-time compensation is carried out to detector gain, can be in the case where prosthetic assist, round-the-clock use.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to use two-dimensional contour shape detector schematic diagram in automated production or detection assembly line.
Fig. 2 is the round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector structural schematic diagram of stand alone type of the invention.
Fig. 3 is that a wordline of the invention generates system structure decomposition schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is laser receiver system structural decomposition diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that increment type PID algorithm of the present invention compensates APD gain procedure flow chart automatically.
Specific embodiment
The pulsed laser ranging probe that the present invention is separated by fixed range by two is constituted, and is installed on production or detection assembly line
Right above conveyer belt, probe vertical is against conveyer belt.Unlike traditional point beam laser ranging, ranging light source is changed to a word
Line laser light curtain provides solution for that need to cover large-range measuring application and the irregular application of object under test of detection conveyer belt
Method.Freestanding detection method can be realized under conditions of not depending on conveying tape speed cooperation to object two-dimensional contour shape
High-precision on-line checking, and it is easy for installation.After first laser range finding probe detects examining object, MCU starts timing, when
After dual-laser range finding probe detects examining object, MCU stops timing and calculates conveying tape speed, is visited by second laser ranging
Head continues to complete the high-velocity scanning to contour of object.Under the premise of learning conveying tape speed, it can learn that two adopt according to sample rate
Distance between sampling point realizes the high-precision two-dimensional chamfered shape detection for not depending on conveyer belt cooperation.It on this basis, can be according to need
It realizes automatic classification, qualification rate detection etc., is applied in automated production or detection line.To reduce environment light to the shadow of measurement
It rings, special slit sheet and optical filter is increased in the receiving light path of laser ranging probe, space is carried out to reception light respectively
Filtering and spectral filtering.To guarantee easily to occur acutely to become in practical automated production, detection line working environment such as illumination, temperature etc.
Under conditions of change still can continuous work, use increment type PID algorithm to carry out adjustment in real time to the working voltage of detector to compensate
Detector gain.
Technical solution of the present invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type, including first laser ranging are visited
Head, second laser range finding probe, power supply, MCU control unit and host computer;
The first laser range finding probe and one fixed range of second laser range finding probe interval are installed in detector, are examined
It surveys instrument to be fixed on right above conveyer belt, two laser ranging probes are vertically against conveyer belt;
The laser light source of the first laser range finding probe and second laser range finding probe uses a wordline light curtain, covers whole
A conveying bandwidth;
After the first laser range finding probe detects examining object, MCU control unit starts timing, when second laser is surveyed
After probe detection to examining object, MCU control unit stops timing and calculates conveying tape speed, is surveyed by the second laser
The scanning to contour of object is continued to complete away from probe;
After object body to be measured passes through the plane of scanning motion, a series of scannings songs are measured by range information by laser ranging probe
Line, MCU control unit carry out preliminary treatment to these data, temporal information are switched to range information, and carry out smothing filtering, and
It is uploaded to host computer, host computer complete picture goes out the two-dimensional silhouette of object.
Further, the laser ranging probe includes pulse laser driving circuit, semiconductor laser diode, transmitting light
Road component, receiving light path component, detector, amplifying circuit and shaping circuit;
Emit laser using pulse laser driving circuit driving semiconductor laser diode, which is diverging light;Transmitting
Optical path component successively includes focusing collimation lens and a wordline beam shaping eyeglass, and diverging light is focused convex lens by one first,
The laser beam that an energy is concentrated, emergent light spot is small is become, focusing effect will directly influence a wordline laser light below
The thickness and detection range of curtain;Then the laser beam energy of outgoing concentrated makes to swash using a wordline beam shaping eyeglass
Luminous point light beam is extended to a wordline light curtain with certain covering of the fan area;
Receiving light path component successively includes condenser lens, slit and the corresponding narrow band filter of laser wavelength, slit and narrow
Band optical filter carries out space filtering and spectral filtering to irreflexive laser respectively;Detector is arranged with receiving light path component same
One receives in light optical path;Filtered return optical signals photodetector APD is transformed into electric signal, then carries out subsequent put
Greatly, shaping returns to the moment to capture.
Further, host computer obtains distance between two sampled points according to object speed and sampling time interval, if MCU is measured
Object is △ t by two probe times, it is known that two probe distance d can calculate corresponding object or conveying tape speed v:
Since the sample rate f of laser ranging probe is it is known that distance △ d between two sampled points can be calculated:
In turn, the two-dimensional silhouette of object is depicted according to the high-speed sampling result of second laser range finding probe.
Further, it is adjusted in real time using working voltage of the increment type PID algorithm to detector in laser ranging probe
It is whole, to realize the automatic compensation of detector gain.
MCU carries out frequency measurement to reception signal and driving signal respectively, obtains its present deviation value en, and then pass through increasing
Amount formula pid algorithm obtains voltage compensation value Δ Un, increment type PID algorithm formula are as follows:
Wherein en-1With en-2For the deviation that preceding double sampling obtains, T is sampling period, TIFor the time of integration, TDWhen for differential
Between, KPFor proportionality coefficient.
Further, semiconductor laser diode transmitting optical maser wavelength is greater than 760nm.
Further, the wordline beam shaping eyeglass is Bao Weier prism.
For more existing two-dimensional contour shape detector, the round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape inspection of stand alone type
Instrument structure is surveyed simply, without conveyer belt cooperation, measurement efficiency height, wide coverage, the basic amorphism of measuring targets, size to want
It asks and cost is relatively low, provide preferable solution for automated production or detection assembly line.And due to automated production, inspection
The particularity of survey line continuous work under conditions of prosthetic assists need to adapt to working environment such as illumination, temperature, humidity etc. and easily send out
The occasion of raw acute variation, therefore it is real-time to use incremental timestamp algorithm to carry out the working voltage of the photodetector APD
The automatic compensation to the photodetector gain is realized in adjustment.
The present invention is further elaborated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type, including first laser ranging are visited
Head, second laser range finding probe, power supply, MCU control unit and host computer;
Two laser ranging probes are spaced apart to be arranged right above conveyer belt, and laser ranging probe includes that pulse swashs
Light drive circuit, semiconductor laser diode, transmitting optical path component, receiving light path component, detector, amplifying circuit and shaping electricity
Road;
Emit laser using pulse laser driving circuit driving semiconductor laser diode, which is diverging light.Transmitting
Optical path component successively includes the first focusing convex lens and a wordline beam shaping eyeglass.Diverging light is focused by first first convex
Lens, become the laser beam that an energy is concentrated, emergent light spot is small, and focusing effect will directly influence a wordline next and swash
The thickness and detection range of light light curtain.Then the laser beam energy of outgoing concentrated using a wordline beam shaping eyeglass,
Laser point light beam is set to be extended to a wordline light curtain with certain covering of the fan area, a wordline expanded- angle of the lens directly closes
It is to investigative range.Semiconductor laser diode emits the black light that laser selection is greater than 760nm, takes in the present embodiment
905nm。
Receiving light path component successively includes the second focusing convex lens, slit and special narrow band filter.Slit and optical filter
Space filtering and spectral filtering are carried out to irreflexive laser respectively, to reduce influence of the environment light to ranging.Detector with connect
Optical path component is received to be arranged in same reception light optical path.Filtered return optical signals photodetector APD is transformed into telecommunications
Number, then carry out subsequent amplification, shaping etc., the moment is returned to capture.
For the object under test size and on the conveyor belt special circumstances of Location-Unknown, first laser range finding probe and second
The laser light source of laser ranging probe makes the entire conveying bandwidth of its covering by traditional mono- wordline light curtain of laser point Shu Gaiwei,
Prevent object missing inspection.It can be used for the profile scan of irregularly shaped object, perfect a bit beam laser scanning is right since its measurement range is small
Irregularly shaped object can not embody the deficiency of its true two-dimentional side profile.
The two-dimensional contour shape detector is suspended in the surface of assembly line conveyer belt used, and in use two
The measurement of object conveying speed is realized in probe cooperation, is carried out continuous high speed sampling by latter probe, is formed and swept in the plane of scanning motion
Retouch curve.After object body to be measured passes through the plane of scanning motion, a series of scanning curves are measured by range information by laser ranging probe,
MCU control unit to these data carry out preliminary treatment (temporal information is switched into range information, and carries out smothing filtering) with it is upper
Pass, by host computer while learning object conveying speed and obtaining sampled point, can complete picture go out the two-dimensional silhouette of object.So
After can realize multiple functions according to demand, as product classification, product size qualification rate detection, production efficiency calculation, object
Online recognition etc..
Laser ranging probe used in the round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type is broadly divided into two
A part, a wordline light curtain generate system and laser receiver system, and structural decomposition diagram difference is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.One
It includes that semiconductor laser 1, first focuses convex lens 2, a wordline eyeglass 3 that wordline light curtain, which generates system,;Laser receiver system packet
Include the second focusing convex lens 4, slit sheet 5, optical filter 6 and photodetector APD7.
A wordline laser light curtain ranging specific implementation step is as follows:
Step 1 generates light pulse using laser drive circuit driving laser diode, according to semiconductor laser diode
Service manual, the laser beam being emitted at this time have 9 ° of horizontal axis axial direction angles of divergence and 25 ° of vertical axis axial direction angles of divergence, the numerical value
Determine that the laser beam energy dissipates, it can not be to detecting at a distance.
Divergent beams in step 1 are focused convex lens 2 by focal length for the first of 8mm by step 2, for compressing its hair
Angle is dissipated, keeps laser beam divergent angle smaller, energy is more concentrated.Wherein laser diode and first focuses between convex lens 2
Distance should carry out installation placement, and the center of the laser diode luminous point in strict accordance with the focal length of the first focusing convex lens 2
The lens centre for focusing convex lens 2 with first should be on the same line.Laser beam after first focuses convex lens 2 is an energy
In quantity set, the small and bright point light beam of emergent light spot.
Using-wordline eyeglass 3, which is for step 3, the point light beam for concentrating the energy being emitted in step 2
Bao Weier prism, the wordline eyeglass can most optimally be divided into that optical density is uniform, stability is good, straight after passing through laser beam
The straight line of good linearity.The one wordline eyeglass 3 is located at the first outgoing surface side for focusing convex lens 2, and the key light of two eyeglasses
Overlapping of axles;The one wordline eyeglass 3 is located in the projection scope of step 2 outgoing beam.Laser light after a wordline eyeglass
Beam is extended to a wordline laser light curtain with certain covering of the fan area.
After all getting to object to be measured surface diffusing reflection occurs for step 4, a wordline laser light curtain, and echo optical signal will enter
Second focuses convex lens 4, the geometric properties for focusing convex lens 4 according to second, and outgoing beam is that echo optical signal focuses.
Optical signal after step 5, focusing passes sequentially through the special slit sheet 5 and the special optical filter 6, described
The central axis of slit sheet 5 and the optical filter 6 all should with second focus convex lens 4 key light overlapping of axles, the slit sheet 5 it is narrow
The size of seam should be special according to actual measurement field range, to filter out the environment light and unlimited outside measurement field range as much as possible
Make the field range of measurement.The special optical filter 6, can should be special according to the semiconductor laser 1 by optical band,
To filter out other light outside laser wavelength as much as possible, and its transmitance should be not less than 90%.The special optical filter 6 should be tight
It is attached to the photosurface side of photodetector APD7.
Step 6, the photodetector 7 are located at second and focus 4 rear of convex lens, the photosurface of the photodetector 7
It should be set on the focal plane of the second focusing convex lens 4 or before focal plane and parallel with focal plane, it is poly- that center should be located at second
On the primary optical axis of burnt convex lens 4.The focal plane that the photosurface position of the photodetector 7 focuses convex lens 4 away from described second
Remoter i.e. closer away from the second focusing convex lens 4,7 field angle of photodetector is bigger, but inductive signal intensity can be weaker.The light
Electric explorer uses the avalanche photodide with avalanche effect to carry out photoelectric conversion, photoelectric conversion to the echo optical signal
Weak output signal afterwards need to amplify Shape correction to signal according to the signal conditioning circuit in order to effectively extract signal
After be output to timekeeping system.
Due to automated production, the particularity of detection line continuous work under conditions of prosthetic assists, work need to be adapted to
The occasion of acute variation easily occurs for environment such as illumination, temperature, humidity etc., therefore uses incremental timestamp algorithm to the photoelectricity
The working voltage of detector APD is adjusted in real time, realizes the automatic compensation to the photodetector gain, as shown in Figure 5.
The signal frequency after shaping is suitably amplified in gain should be consistent with pulse laser emission frequency, thus by MCU to receive signal and
Driving signal carries out frequency measurement respectively, obtains its present deviation value en, and then voltage compensation is obtained by increment type PID algorithm
It is worth Δ Un.Increment type PID algorithm formula are as follows:
Wherein en-1With en-2For the deviation that preceding double sampling obtains, T is sampling period, TIFor the time of integration, TDWhen for differential
Between, KPFor proportionality coefficient.
Pid control parameter in formula obtained by orthogonal experiment so that the overshoot value compensated automatically is small, response is fast and
Stable state accuracy is high.
The round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type of the invention is the application of fully-automatic production or detection
Provide solution, and structure is simple, install convenient, precision is higher, measurement efficiency is high, strong applicability and cost is relatively low.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type, which is characterized in that including first laser range finding probe,
Second laser range finding probe, power supply, MCU control unit and host computer;
The first laser range finding probe and one fixed range of second laser range finding probe interval are installed in detector, detector
It is fixed on right above conveyer belt, two laser ranging probes are vertically against conveyer belt;
The laser light source of the first laser range finding probe and second laser range finding probe uses a wordline light curtain, and covering is entire defeated
Send bandwidth;
After the first laser range finding probe detects examining object, MCU control unit starts timing, when second laser ranging is visited
After head detects examining object, MCU control unit stops timing and calculates conveying tape speed, is visited by the second laser ranging
Head continues to complete the scanning to contour of object;
After object body to be measured passes through the plane of scanning motion, a series of scanning curves, MCU are measured by range information by laser ranging probe
Control unit carries out preliminary treatment to these data, temporal information is switched to range information, and carry out smothing filtering, and be uploaded to
Host computer, host computer complete picture go out the two-dimensional silhouette of object.
2. the round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to swash
Ligh-ranging probe includes pulse laser driving circuit, semiconductor laser diode, transmitting optical path component, receiving light path component, visits
Survey device, amplifying circuit and shaping circuit;
Emit laser using pulse laser driving circuit driving semiconductor laser diode, which is diverging light;Emit optical path
Component includes the first focusing convex lens and a wordline beam shaping eyeglass, and diverging light is focused convex lens by first first, is turned
It is changed to laser beam;Then the laser beam energy of outgoing concentrated passes through a wordline beam shaping eyeglass, makes laser point light beam
It is extended to a wordline light curtain;
Receiving light path component successively includes the second focusing convex lens, slit and the corresponding narrow band filter of laser wavelength, slit and
Narrow band filter carries out space filtering and spectral filtering to irreflexive laser respectively;Detector and receiving light path component are arranged
In same reception light optical path;Filtered return optical signals photodetector APD is transformed into electric signal, then carries out subsequent put
Greatly, shaping returns to the moment to capture.
3. the round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: on
Position machine obtains distance between two sampled points according to object speed and sampling time interval, if MCU measures object and passed through for two probe times
For △ t, it is known that two probe distance d can calculate corresponding object or conveying tape speed v:
Since the sample rate f of laser ranging probe is it is known that distance △ d between two sampled points can be calculated:
In turn, the two-dimensional silhouette of object is depicted according to the high-speed sampling result of second laser range finding probe.
4. the round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: using increasing
Amount formula pid algorithm adjusts the working voltage of detector in laser ranging probe in real time, with realize detector gain from
Dynamic compensation.
5. the round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: MCU pairs
It receives signal and driving signal carries out frequency measurement respectively, obtain its present deviation value en, and then obtained by increment type PID algorithm
Voltage compensation value Δ U outn, increment type PID algorithm formula are as follows:
Wherein en-1With en-2For the deviation that preceding double sampling obtains, T is sampling period, TIFor the time of integration, TDFor derivative time,
KPFor proportionality coefficient.
6. the round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: semiconductor
Laser diode emits optical maser wavelength and is greater than 760nm.
7. the round-the-clock online two-dimensional contour shape detector of stand alone type according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described one
Wordline beam shaping eyeglass is Bao Weier prism.
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